Despite calls for increased Adoption Communication Openness (ACO) within the adoptive family, research indicates that families still struggle to accomplish the recommended elements and levels of openness. What could be holding families back from this key process? Three focus groups comprised of 17 adoptive parents of early adolescents (aged 10-14) who were age 0-2 at the time of placement were thematically coded. This inductive analysis revealed the complexity rooted in being —sometimes successfully and sometimes not—communicatively open. Four key themes emerged painting a vivid and rich picture of: a) the breadth and depth of this experience; b) the work entailed; c) the emotionality of it; and d) the grief and loss embedded in it. These results strengthen the understanding of the lived-experience of the adoptive parent thus magnifying the call for not only further research into what drives ACO in the family, but also consistent and supportive pre- and post-adoption services and clinical work.

The diploma thesis deals with an automatic code generation for PLC from Siemens. The first part focuses on currently available tools for code generation and options of C# library Siemens TIA Openness. Furthermore, a design for the project structure in the TIA portal is created. Finally, a user application for automatic code generation in TIA portal v15 is designed and created, especially suitable for larger projects that could be divided into individual stations.

As political polarity and social divisiveness increase in the United States, more organizations and scholars are calling on institutions of higher education to rise to the occasion and incorporate into their objectives the development of competent citizenship (The National Task Force). Writing classrooms are particularly suited to these kinds of objectives as writing already proposes relationships between rhetor and audience that have ethical dimensions and require mutual honesty, accountability, and respect (Duffy, "The Good Writer"). Additionally, the Framework for Success, a document that has become central to shaping the goals of writing classrooms, articulates habits of mind, like openness and engagement, that lend themselves to healthy, productive citizenship and civic interactions. However, the inherence of these qualities and potential in writing classrooms is not always recognized or actualized. Instructors need a reliable pedagogical framework to guide their objectives and choices so that students develop citizenship competencies through their writing experiences. The theory of experiential learning (EL) is one promising avenue for such a pedagogical method. This thesis explains keys to understanding EL theory and implementing them in traditional classrooms and details lived examples from two classrooms that illustrate how EL in practice can help students develop habits of mind that in turn contribute to citizenship competencies.

Digitalisering påverkar de flesta verksamheter i någon mån och museiverksamheter är inget undantag. Det finns flera olika digitala verktyg som kan användas för att förädla museers kulturella utbud och detta arbete ämnar undersöka hur Malmö museer gör detta. I en tid där allt större press sätts på museer att offentliggöra sina samlingar för allmänheten samt främja tillgänglighet och öppenhet är det relevant att undersöka hur Malmö museer väljer att visa upp sina digitala samlingar. Uppsatsen behandlar således den digitala katalogiseringen av museiinnehåll i form av bilder och föremål på Malmö museers digitala databas Carlotta. Det utfördes en fallstudie bestående av en observation med Carlottagruppen samt ett samtal och två intervjuer med två nyckelpersoner inom Malmö museer. Resultatet från denna datainsamling diskuteras i förhållande till annan forskning. Dessutom jämförs även en föremålsbild från Carlotta med en från Rijksmuseum för att visa på likheter och skillnader. Det framgår att Malmö museer är väl medvetna om vad de behöver göra för att säkra sin plats digitalt men det finns hinder på vägen i form av resurs- och kompetensbrist. Museet uppmuntrar till nedladdning, återanvändning och publikation av deras material så länge källhanteringen sker korrekt. Ett av museets viktigaste arbeten är att varumärkesprofilera sig själva som viktiga för allmänheten – en sorts kamp för överlevnad, enligt en av respondenterna. Det främsta målet med Malmö museers digitala arbete är att tillhandahålla material till allmänheten utifrån öppenhets- och offentlighetsprinciper. / Digitization affects most organisations to some extent and museums are no exception. There are several different digital tools that enable the refinement of the museums’ cultural offerings. This study intends to investigate how Malmö museums takes advantage of them. At a time when increasing pressure is being placed on museums to publish their collections to the general population, to be accessible and open, it is relevant to see how Malmö museums choose to display their digital collections. Therefore, this essay is interested in the digital cataloging of museum content in the form of images and objects on Malmö museums database Carlotta. A case study consisting of an observation with the Carlotta-group was executed in addition to a conversation and two interviews with key persons within the museum. The results from this data are discussed in relation to other studies. Furthermore, an object image from Carlotta and one from Rijksmuseum are compared to show their similarities and differences. It turns out that Malmö Museums are aware of what needs to be done to secure their place in the digital sphere, but that there are obstacles such as a lack of resources and skills. Malmö museums encourages others to download, reuse and publish their material as long as they reference it correctly. One of the most important aspects of Malmö museums work is to market themselves as important to the public – a sort of fight for survival, according to one of the respondents. The primary goal for Malmö museums is to provide material to the public based on openness- and publicity principles.

Employing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this dissertation aims to explore the principal influential factors of economic growth from external and internal perspectives. After extensive analysis and previous research, trade openness is the external factor considered, while financial markets and institutions are the internal ones. Based on the dataset of four typical fast-growing emerging economies-- China, India, South Africa and Russian Federation, this study found that there is a significant long-term equilibrium among GDP growth, trade openness, financial markets and institutions in China, and bidirectional causality can be observed between trade openness and GDP growth. Regarding the remaining economies, there are two sets of long-term relationships among these variables, where internal factors concerning financial development are more crucial in these countries, which also significantly affect the trade volumes in the long run. Results from this research indicate that the dominant growth-enhancing factors are closely related with a country's policy, history, and the most importantly, the focus of its development strategy.

In our thesis we seek the answer to if trade openness has an effect on income gaps within countries. Since different trade flows can have different effects based on who the trading partners are, we disaggregate the trade flows based on these criteria. Using a dynamic two-ways fixed-effects model (LSDV) based on unbalanced panel data we follow 160 countries (of which 155 contribute to the variance since they have more than one observation) over the time-period 1970-2019 and a gini-coefficient that measures disponible household income. Furthermore, we also include a measurement of absolute poverty, measured as the share of the population living on less than 3,2 USD a day, where we have data for 130 countries (of which 111 with more than one observation, and the earliest observation is 1974). We divide our sample in low-, middle- and high-income countries and control for the effects on the gini-coefficient and absolute poverty stemming from both exports as well as imports. Our results indicate that when low-income countries exports to other low-income countries it decreases the income gaps within the exporting country. Low-income countries trade flows with middle- and high-income countries however seem to have a positive relationship with their income gaps, which we argue provides support for skill-enhancing trade (SET) and skill-biased technological change (SBTC). For high- and middle-income countries we don’t find any support for a relationship between income gaps and trade openness. Regarding absolute poverty we mostly see significant results for high-income countries, where export to other high-income countries decreases poverty while import from other high-income countries increases poverty. / I vår uppsats söker vi svar på om handelsöppenhet har en påverkan på inkomstklyftor inom länder. Då olika handelsflöden kan ha olika påverkan disaggregerar vi även handelsflödena med hänsyn till ursprungsland och handelspartner. Med hjälp av en dynamisk two-ways fixed effects modell (LSDV) baserad på obalanserad paneldata följer vi 160 länder (varav 155 bidrar till variansen då de har mer än en observation) över tidsperioden 1970-2019 och en gini-koefficient som mäter disponibel hushållsinkomst. Utöver detta inkluderar vi även ett mått på absolut fattigdom, mätt som andel av befolkningen som lever på mindre än 3,2 USD om dagen där vi har data för 130 länder (varav 111 med mer än en observation). Vi delar upp vårt sampel i låg-, medel- och höginkomstländer och kontrollerar för både exportens och importens påverkan på gini-koefficienten och absolut fattigdom. Våra resultat indikerar att när låginkomstländer exporterar till andra låginkomstländer minskar inkomstklyftorna i det exporterande landet. Låginkomstländers handelsflöden med medel- och höginkomstländer har däremot ett positivt samband med deras inkomstklyftor, något vi argumenterar för antyder ett stöd för skill-enhancing trade (SET) och skill-biased technological change (SBTC). För medel- och höginkomstländer finner vi inga belägg för ett samband mellan inkomstklyftor och handelsöppenhet. Gällande absolut fattigdom ser vi framförallt signifikanta resultat för höginkomstländer, där export till andra höginkomstländer minskar absolut fattigdom medan import från höginkomstländer ökar absolut fattigdom.

Title: Mission Impossible? A case study on how to manage the tension between openness and secrecy in the defense industry. Background: This thesis is built upon a unique case exhibiting open innovation within the defense industry. Practicing open innovation is a challenge for all organizations today but as a consequence of the defense industry’s high secrecy, open innovation becomes even more challenging. On one hand, they need to share internal knowledge to practice open innovation but on the other hand, sharing too much can endanger its country’s national security. The tension emerging from the need to open up an organization to practice open innovation while simultaneously maintaining secrecy results in an emergence of paradoxical tension. The literature has highlighted this tension as the paradox of openness. Purpose Research the paradox of openness within the defense industry. Methodology: An abductively qualitative single case study at the Swedish defense company Saab AB. The empirical data were collected from13 semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Findings: Selective revealing, a strong relationship and trust, internal rules and processes, and the understanding of customer capabilities are ways defense organizations can use to manage the paradox of openness in offset agreements. Keywords: Open innovation, The paradox of openness, Differentiation and integration approach, Defense industry, Saab AB, Offset, Transfer of Technology, Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid and significant change in the work settings of many organizations. Today, many businesses have adopted a hybrid way of working as opposed to returning to the traditional way. Due to this topic being relatively new, there is little research done within the area. Furthermore, knowledge and, by extension, knowledge sharing are two of the most important resources or procedures for an organization to remain long-term competitive. One major factor influencing knowledge sharing is trust, therefore, this study aims to investigate how knowledge sharing and trust within project teams have been impacted by the hybrid context. Further, four aspects of trust, benevolence, competence, openness, and integrity, will also be studied to see how the hybrid context has influenced them. This master’s thesis is based on a case study with an exploratory approach. Qualitative interviews and literature research were conducted, which together form the basis for the analysis and conclusions. It has become evident that the hybrid context has had an impact on all factors considered, in other words, knowledge sharing, trust, and the aspects of trust. One significant finding was that it appears to be difficult and more time-consuming to establish social relationships in the hybrid context, and this has had a negative impact on all variables examined. Despite the negative consequences, the research findings also show that the hybrid context has some positive impacts in regard to benevolence, openness, and integrity. The findings in this master’s thesis contribute to the research by providing further understanding of how the hybrid context has affected knowledge sharing and trust, including its aspects. Practitioners will get valuable insights into trust and knowledge sharing, both of which are critical to the success of teams and organizations. Further, a set of managerial implications are given.

Technology is an integral part of both modern culture and day-to-day communication. Older adults' relationships with technology are completely different than younger adults' because of the way they have learned to incorporate it into their lives. Past research has shown that certain personality traits can predict technology use in younger adults. The current research hopes to take that finding and see if it applies to older adults, too. Four hypotheses were generated. Participants took a survey that consisted of five different scales and measures. Participants also were asked to answer demographic questions. Independent-sample t-tests and bivariate correlations were run on the data. Results showed that general technology use was not significantly correlated to a participant's age. There were significant correlations between the two age groups and psychological well-being, feelings of attachment to peers, technology use subscales and sensation seeking subscales. Future studies should examine the possible relationship of technology use subscales amongst the older population and their attitudes towards technology.

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