Hotels constitute one of the main, and still expanding, pillars of the tourism sector and are highly unique among other commercial buildings. Resource intensive and frequently inefficient systems and operational routines applied in the sector, result in considerable environmental impact and indicate an urgent need for more environmentally sound practices and products in the hotel industry. A certain level of activity in the area of reducing resource use has been observed for quite some time but the motivation for this was related to cost-benefit issues rather than the environment. Furthermore, most of the initiatives are still considered to be best practice case studies and not daily routines. The constantly increasing prices of basic commodities, such as energy resources and water, encourage the implementation of energy and water efficiency and conservation measures in hotel facilities. To this end, numerous guidelines and initiatives have been produced by hotel-related organisations. The study of attitudes among 610 European hoteliers indicated that, at the moment, the level of environmental awareness among hotel managers is not high enough to introduce significant changes, although attitudes differ depending on the country of origin and the corporate policy. The prospects of significant cost savings, as well as customer demand were identified as the most likely parameters to enhance environmental responsibility among hoteliers. The popularity of CSR reporting and sustainability indices, especially among the larger companies, leads the author to believe that the industry is preparing to change. Many of the companies running hotels are also reporting their environmental management goals and indicators of environmental performance, while benchmarking and all types of comparison league tables are gaining popularity. There is, however, no system or methodology of data collection and monitoring that is universally accepted or applicable throughout the hotel sector. Furthermore, the accuracy and validity of the published performance indicators and benchmarks is widely debated due to large variations in the figures reported. The analyses performed on data from over 180 upscale and mid-market European chain hotels (Hilton International and Scandic) indicated that even among relatively uniform (service-wise) hotels the amenities offered did influence consumption, further complicating the concept and applicability of uniform benchmarking and resource consumption modelling. It was thus concluded that, creating a uniform model for all hotels is almost impossible, or would require a significant amount of very detailed input data, and that the results could still be highly inaccurate. Instead, it was suggested that it might actually be more accurate to develop models for individual hotels. Such an approach would allow for the modelling of the behaviour of all types of hotels with no size, type of services or standard limitations. Multi-variate step-wise regression analyses performed on individual Scandic hotels in Sweden indicated that energy consumption was dependent on the outdoor air temperature/actual heating degree days, while water consumption was mainly influenced by the number of guest-nights sold. Experience gained by the author during the process of the Hilton Environmental Reporting system upgrade allowed for the formulation of a set of rules of thumb that ought to be followed in the design of similar schemes. The experience of various regions and numerous companies also suggests that well designed and implemented environmental and resource management programs bring significant benefits at an individual as well as a corporate level. This study provides an indication of the strategies that can be used by various stakeholders in the process of development and implementation of such programs. This research further suggests that future developments in environmental performance indicators and benchmarking may best be served by disaggregating hotels into modules (such as guest-rooms, catering outlets, conference centres) and developing consumption models and best practice indicators for these particular components. The individual efficiencies/performance indicators should then be combined and weighted to provide a just overall evaluation of a facility that could then be compared to a benchmark (developed in the same manner). In a similar manner, sustainability assessment schemes and indicators for destinations and communities could be developed. However, more accurate and differentiated knowledge of the individual performance of sub-systems is necessary to proceed with such an alternative. In addition, the methodologies for data collection and reporting procedures, at all levels of the company and sector, need to be standardized and detailed / QC 20100818

With new energy directives in place, the Swedish Social Service (SSS) stands before the challenge how to reduce the energy demand in its locales. It is a complex matter, as the locales are rented from various property owners and it becomes a question of how to reduce the operational electricity and influence the property owners to work more with energy efficiency. This thesis takes a balanced research approach in three parts. Firstly a qualitative part in form of interviews with personnel at the SSS and its property owners, secondly a quantitative part of descriptive nature in form of energy statistics and thirdly a literature review of Energy Management (EM) Supply Chain Management(SCM), Green Supply Chain Management(GSCM) and Enviromental Performance Indicators (EPI). This in order to be able to give normative recommendations of how the SSS should act to reduce its energy consumption in its locales and provide new insights on how EM, SCM, GSCM and EPI can be applied in effect. The results show that the Swedish Social Service should act in the following areas to control its energy efficiency: statistics and follow-up, locale strategy and operational electricity. To get efficient statistical material the SSS should update their registers of property owners, update guidelines for energy statistics reporting and continue with the same collection method for data (e-mail survey) to get continuity. The literature review and interviews show that a segmentation of suppliers (property owners) based on factors like area in property, good relations, area of local and energy performance indicators should be useful as to know how to distribute resources to enable energy efficiency. Finally, the study shows that various locales has high rates of idling loads and have a energy saving potential of 10-15%.

Die Produkte von Maschinen- und Anlagenbauunternehmen stellen in der Regel langlebige, kundenspezifische Investitionsgüter dar. Je umfangreicher die Konstruktions- und Montagezeiten des Investitionsgutes, umso frühzeitiger muss der Kunde sich festlegen, welche Leistungsmerkmale gefordert werden und unter welchen Bedingungen die Maschine oder Anlage arbeiten muss. Hierbei kommt es regelmäßig zu Divergenzen zwischen dem Bedarf des Kunden zum Lieferzeitpunkt, der Nachfrage zum Zeitpunkt der Kaufentscheidung und dem Angebot des Anbieters. Um diese Divergenzen ab dem Zeitpunkt des Kaufs zu beheben, sind mehr oder weniger kostenintensive technische Leistungsveränderungen – so genannte Modifications – erforderlich. Die Arbeit zeigt zum einen Erkenntnisse aus der Untersuchung von Modifications. Zum anderen bietet sie ein theoretisch und insbesondere ein empirisch orientiertes, umsetzbares System (Modification- Management), mit dem dieser Problematik nachhaltig begegnet bzw. der Umgang damit optimal gestaltet werden kann.

<p>This thesis explores and explains the existence of a best practice model to optimise the transfer of funds (&ldquo / the transfer funding process&rdquo / ) between funders and service providers in the public sector. Using ideas about best practice in a specific context, the Health environment, it investigates the perceptions of managers about the transfer of funds between the Provincial Government of the Western Cape and the Local Authority of the City of Cape Town, the existence of a formula that will indicate appropriate amounts to transfer to service providers, and how information systems might assist with the process and the formula.</p>

在整體大環境求新求變的趨勢下，行政機關面臨許多外在環境衝擊，而開始思考突破傳統的管理方法加以因應，是故政風機構自民國81年9月16日改制成立，分階段設定不同工作目標，從「肅貪行動方案」、「預防重於查處、興利優於防弊、服務代替干預」、「反浪費、反腐敗、反貪污之「預防性政風」、至以民為本之廉政新構想的「行動政風」，都是為了因應社會變化與需求所作之創新改變。因此，本研究以臺北市政府公務人員為對象，將政風機構工作績效以訪談方式進行質化研究分析，以瞭解公務人員對於政風機構核心價值與工作績效之認識程度及功能效益之評析。 本研究經質化訪談研究發現如下： 一、 政風機構在主動度部分，受訪者對其主動協助機關辦理大型活動之安全維護工作及擔任溝通協調角色，均予正面肯定評價。 二、 政風機構在成效度部分，受訪者透過廉能宣導活動能加深反貪倡廉理念，並藉與機關業務或活動結合方式，更能有效達到反貪理念的深化與活化。 三、 政風機構在配合度部分，受訪者肯定政風同仁對交辦業務盡心盡力之工作表現。 四、 政風機構在精進度部分，近年導入風險管理推行政風業務，能機先掌握機關可能發生違常之人、事、時、地、物之風險，並於危機發生時能迅速妥處，降低傷害。 / With the development of social pluralism and external environmental impact, government agencies had to rethink about their traditional management ideas and how to improve them. Therefore, Since September 16, 1992, Government Ethics Office (GEO) has begun restructuring different stages of target , from the early stages of「Anti-Corruption Action Plan」 to 「Plans of Crime Prevention, Positive Measures, Daily Recommendations, and Anti-Waste & Anti-Corruption」to the current「Mobilization of Government Ethics Plan」which are all in response to public demand made by social changes. The study was based on the employees of Taipei City Government through qualitative interviews and research, as well as, analysis on public awareness and benefits towards job performance and core values. The essence of research findings are as follows： 1. GEO Initiatives: respondents provided positive evaluations towards GEO Communication, coordination, maintenance, and security during large scale events 2. GEO Effectiveness: Strengthening the concept of anti-corruption and reducing crime rate by promoting more effective anti-corruption action plan 3. GEO Cooperation: striking positive evaluation on job performances 4. GEO Refined Progresses: with the implementation of risk management in recent years, GEO were able to lower the risk occurring at organization and deal with them quickly as well.

Performance Measurement is necessary in order to support the implementation of a Continuous Improvement approach within a company. Performance Measurement has been a subject of increasing interest for researchers and practitioners. The questions addressed in the literature especially evolved from “what” to measure to “how” to measure. The present thesis follows this evolution by exploring how companies can successfully implement Performance Measurement. The thesis follows a parallel research design including a literature review and a case study. From one side, a literature review aims at explaining the main theories behind Performance Measurement, such as the concept of Performance Measurement System, as well as giving some recommendation for its implementation. On the other side, an empirical case study, conducted in a construction industry company, presents a practical implementation of Performance Measurement including some of the indicators dashboards built in several factories and departments of the company. The results of this case study are also supported by several interviews conducted at different steps of the implementation with the different actors involved. Then a theoretical verification is conducted by comparing the theory from the literature review with the empirical results from the case study. It especially allows to verify some recommendations as well as to identify a few gaps. The results of this study can be seen as a set of verified recommendations in order to successfully implement Performance Measurement within a company. These recommendations come from the comparison between theory and practice and they are divided in three main parts: the Key Performance Indicators identification, the Performance Measurement System design, and the practical implementation of Performance Measurement. Regarding this last part, five key success factors (e.g. perceived benefits of performance measurement, top management commitment) and five barriers (e.g. time and effort required, human behaviour) have been verified. Moreover, some Performance Measurement issues are discussed, such as the reduction of the complexity, the potential gaps between local approaches and global consistency, as well as the concept of organisational learning. Finally, the thesis identifies three kinds of trade-offs (e.g. accuracy of the data and cost of collection) that need to be considered when implementing Performance Measurement.

In the accomplishment of good governance South African municipalities need to develop measurable objectives related to performance measures and targets that capture strategically important aspects of performance. This allows performance to be easily monitored and aligned with municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Performance information should be used in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting, policy analysis and evaluations, organisational reviews and performance appraisals for the managers. This is necessary in order to improve performance and for assuring the public that they are receiving value for money. A Performance Management System (PMS) is the principal management mechanism intended to determine outcomes and impact of municipal service delivery on the communities they are commissioned by legislation to service. The PMS measures should always be relevant, meaningful and informative to political and administrative decision-makers. The data gathered from the PMS should be presented in a balanced, comprehensive and credible manner. The aim of this study is to analyse the challenges that influence the implementation of the local government PMS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. The analysis entails identifying the challenges, evaluating them and then suggesting possible solutions to the challenges. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

In the accomplishment of good governance South African municipalities need to develop measurable objectives related to performance measures and targets that capture strategically important aspects of performance. This allows performance to be easily monitored and aligned with municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Performance information should be used in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting, policy analysis and evaluations, organisational reviews and performance appraisals for the managers. This is necessary in order to improve performance and for assuring the public that they are receiving value for money. A Performance Management System (PMS) is the principal management mechanism intended to determine outcomes and impact of municipal service delivery on the communities they are commissioned by legislation to service. The PMS measures should always be relevant, meaningful and informative to political and administrative decision-makers. The data gathered from the PMS should be presented in a balanced, comprehensive and credible manner. The aim of this study is to analyse the challenges that influence the implementation of the local government PMS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. The analysis entails identifying the challenges, evaluating them and then suggesting possible solutions to the challenges. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="">The study shows the financial impacts on costs per student at academic module level, at departmental level, at faculty level, and at institutional level, thereby showing the effects of cross-subsidisation at all levels of management. The reports were developed in termsof the guidelines compiled in terms of Llewellyn's five levels of theorisation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family: Garamond / "><o:p></o:p></span></p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMariaMR.pdf: 348399 bytes, checksum: fa0b19b3fa026bdbff4a3c9463313a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The purpose of this paper is to identify how real estate companies from the city of Natal measure their organizational performance. Traditionally these companies measure their performance using financial measures; however, the technological improvement, the internationalization of the economy and the change in consumer behavior all demand better products and services, and other measuring models. Those changes motivate organizations to continually improve the quality of their products and services. In this way, these companies need to associate their financial results to their global performance. Therefore, it is necessary to have organizational performance models that associate financial and non-financial measures to the strategies of the companies. The research also tries to identify which performance indicators are used by these companies, as well as to test a model who questions: a) if there is any relationship between managers? characteristics and performance measuring systems? characteristics; b) if there is any relationship between the company s characteristics and the characteristics of the measuring system used to evaluate its organizational performance and c) finally to verify if there is a relationship between the characteristics of the measuring system and the company s performance. The information which served as a basis for the study was obtained through an empirical research, with questionnaires, answered by 66 (sixty six) companies from the city of Natal, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results show that none of the companies investigated use any of the performance measurement models proposed in the modern literature. However, they use on an isolated way some of the measures those models, including some measures from adopted in the Balanced Scorecard, as well as the benchmarking process, making comparisons with the performance of their competitors. The research also reveals that either bigger companies, companies with more experienced managers or with better performance show better performance measurement systems / Objetiva identificar como as imobili?rias da cidade do Natal medem seu desempenho organizacional. Tradicionalmente, as empresas avaliam o desempenho de seus processos, basicamente, utilizando medidas financeiras; por?m, o avan?o tecnol?gico, a internacionaliza??o da economia e a mudan?a no comportamento do consumidor exigem produtos e servi?os cada vez melhores, al?m de outros conjuntos de medi??o. Tais modifica??es motivam as organiza??es ? cont?nua melhoria da qualidade de seus produtos e servi?os. Nesse sentido, as empresas precisam associar os seus resultados financeiros ao seu desempenho global, necessitando, portanto, de modelos de avalia??o de desempenho organizacional, que associem medidas financeiras e n?o-financeiras ? estrat?gia das empresas. A pesquisa tamb?m procura responder quais os indicadores de desempenho utilizados por essas empresas, bem como testar um modelo conceitual, que questiona: a) se existe rela??o entre as caracter?sticas dos gestores e as caracter?sticas dos sistemas de medi??o; b) se existe rela??o entre as caracter?sticas da empresa e as caracter?sticas do sistema de medi??o, utilizado para avaliar seu desempenho organizacional; e c) se existe rela??o entre as caracter?sticas dos sistemas de medi??o e o desempenho da empresa. As informa??es, tomadas como base para o estudo, foram obtidas por meio de uma pesquisa emp?rica, com question?rios, junto a 66 (sessenta e seis) empresas da cidade do Natal, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados revelam que as empresas pesquisadas n?o utilizam nenhum dos sistemas de avalia??o de desempenho mais modernos, citados na literatura. Contudo, utilizam isoladamente algumas medidas desses modelos, entre as quais algumas adotadas no Balance Scorecard, bem como realizam o processo de benchmarking, por meio de compara??es com o desempenho de seus concorrentes. A pesquisa tamb?m revela que empresas que t?m seus gestores com mais experi?ncia, empresas maiores e com melhor desempenho apresentam sistemas de medi??o mais sofisticados