Introdução A preservação de práticas e costumes alimentares de anciãos moradores em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) localizadas em pequenos centros urbanos mineiros contribui para uma percepção positiva de estar na instituição. Objetivo Investigar se existe semelhança entre a alimentação recordada entre os idosos moradores nessas ILPI, referente ao período pré-institucionalização, com aquela hoje realizada pelas cozinheiras dessas instituições. Delinear o perfil de sensação de bem-estar manifestada pelos assistidos. Métodos Os critérios de inclusão dos atores participantes do estudo foram: ser nativo da região mineira do Lago de Furnas e apresentar condições para dialogar com o pesquisador (recomendados pela direção das instituições). Em seguida foi explicado aos indicados a finalidade da pesquisa e 34 deles concordaram em participar: 15 moradores na ILPI I, 7 na ILPI II e 12 na ILPI III. O número de cozinheiras entrevistadas, por instituição, foram duas pessoas. Resultados A aplicação de teste estatístico pertinente, indicou que as ILPI atendem 84,5 por cento dos pratos doces recordados coincidentemente nas três ILPI. Quanto aos salgados, cujas lembranças também coincidiram nas três ILPI, todos eles são atendidos inteiramente no presente. O perfil de sensação de bem-estar revelada pelos residentes foi positivo, pois a somatória das respostas ótimo e bom em relação à comida ofertada correspondeu a 85 por cento o que coincidiu com os resultados referentes à percepção de contentamento em morar na instituição. Conclusão A conservação das práticas e costumes alimentares de grupo populacional similar ao estudado pode ser uma das alegrias de existir na velhice / Introduction The preservation of eating practices and habits of advanced adults resident in elderly long term permanence institutions (ELTPI) located in small urban centers of Minas Gerais State contributes for a positive perception of being in the institution. Objective Investigating a possible similarity between the recalled foods among the elderly residing in these ELTPI referring to pre-institutionalization period and those carried out today by the institution cooks. Outlining the well being sensation profile manifested by the assisted. Methodology The inclusion criteria for the actors participating in the study were: being native of the Minas Gerais Lago de Furnas region and presenting conditions to engage in dialogue with the researcher (subjects recommended by the head of the institutions). The indicated were then explained the purpose of the research and 34 of them agreed to participate: 15 residents in ELTPI I, 7 in ELTPI II and 12 in ELTPI III. The number of interviewed cooks was 2 per institution. Results Administration of pertinent statistical tests indicated that the three ELTPI coincidentally offer 84,5 per centof the sweet recalled dishes. Concerning the savory dishes with recollections coinciding in all three ELTPI all the recalled dishes are offered at present. The well being sensation profile reveled by the residents was positive once the total of the excellent and good responses in relation to the offered food was 85 per cent, which correlates with the results relative to the perception of joy in living in the institution. Conclusion The preservation of the eating practices and habits of population groups similar to the one studied may represent one of the joys of being old

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre o feminino,sobre os enigmas que flutuam o seu universo e que produzem uma imagem social relevante e sustentável . Essa imagem enuncia transformações decorrentes de aspectos sócio-culturais e vai revelando como o comportamento feminino está inserido em circunstâncias históricas e em que proporção a literatura desvela e influencia tais mudanças. Para esse olhar , tomamos A Moreninha, de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, como fio condutor e o romance nos foi mostrando uma nova mulher, uma mulher que em sua morenice retrata brasilidade e apresenta nova matiz feminina. Conseqüentemente, visualizamos um novo Macedo, um Macedo que alinhava irreverência e equilíbrio, um Macedo que ousamos ver grande e anunciador de um universo feminino capaz de tecer novos conceitos e de produzir voz e tornar-se visível e representável. / [en] This work introduces a study about the feminineness, about the riddlesthat floatits universe and produce an important and sustainablesocial image. This image enunciates transformation originated from social- cultural aspects and keeps on showing how the feminine behavior is inserted in historical circumstances and in which proportion literature shows influences these changes. Concerning this point of view we consider A Moreninha, written by Joaquim Manuel de Macedo as the starting point and the novel began to show a new woman, a woman who with her brunetteness represents brazilian feelings and also a new female clour. For this reason we visualize a new Macedo. A Macedo that gathered inreverence and equilibrium. A Macedo we dare to consider a great announcer of a feminine universe able to create new concepts and producing voice, becaming visible and representative.

I compared the utility of two continuous time-series data measures for applied conservation biology by investigating how well each could predict future local persistence of a diverse set of bird species. I used 37 years of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to calculate abundance from yearly point-counts and permanence (i.e., consistent occupancy over time) from yearly presence-absence data in the early portion of the study period, then used the later portion of data to empirically evaluate how well each measure predicted persistence two decades into the future. I found that permanence could only match the ability of abundance to accurately predict local species persistence if multiple within-year repeated observations contributed to its calculation. Neither measure was effective at predicting persistence for regionally rarer species. I suggest the yearly and within-year repeated collection of abundance estimating data for use in applied conservation biology to best ensure biodiversity persistence.

I compared the utility of two continuous time-series data measures for applied conservation biology by investigating how well each could predict future local persistence of a diverse set of bird species. I used 37 years of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to calculate abundance from yearly point-counts and permanence (i.e., consistent occupancy over time) from yearly presence-absence data in the early portion of the study period, then used the later portion of data to empirically evaluate how well each measure predicted persistence two decades into the future. I found that permanence could only match the ability of abundance to accurately predict local species persistence if multiple within-year repeated observations contributed to its calculation. Neither measure was effective at predicting persistence for regionally rarer species. I suggest the yearly and within-year repeated collection of abundance estimating data for use in applied conservation biology to best ensure biodiversity persistence.

This thesis investigates the relationship between foster care placement settings and discharges. Placement settings are where foster children live: foster homes, group homes, etc. There may be one or several placements for any individual child. In the interest of stability, federal funding to states depends in part on low numbers of placement moves. Federal reviews, however, do not consider whether the placement settings resemble permanent family life (foster homes compared to congregate care) or the direction of placement moves. Competing risks regression was used to analyze time to discharge data of foster children in Georgia. Discharges (competing risks) were compared based on the number and the direction of placement moves. Children with movement patterns that favored placements similar to permanent family life were found to have higher probabilities of discharges to safe permanence. This thesis promotes “proximity to permanence” as an important, but often overlooked, consideration in foster care placements.

Chlamydia, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is one of the most important sexually-transmitted infections globally. In addition to accounting for millions of cases every year, the disease causes numerous irreversible complications such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility in females and pelvic inflammatory disease. This thesis presents a number of mathematical models, of the form of deterministic systems of non-linear differential equations, for gaining qualitative insight into the transmission dynamics and control of Chlamydia within an infected host (in vivo) and in a population. The models designed address numerous important issues relating to the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis, such as the roles of immune response, sex structure, time delay (in modelling the latency period) and risk structure (i.e., risk of acquiring or transmitting infection). The in-host model is shown to have a globally-asymptotically stable Chlamydia-free equilibrium whenever a certain biological threshold is less than unity. It has a unique Chlamydia-present equilibrium when the threshold exceeds unity. Unlike the in-host model, the two-group (males and females) population-level model undergoes a backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon, which is shown to be caused by the re-infection of recovered individuals, makes the effort to eliminate the disease from the population more difficult. Extending the two-group model to incorporate risk structure shows that the backward bifurcation phenomenon persists even when recovered individuals do not acquire re-infection. In other words, it is shown that stratifying the sexually-active population in terms of risk of acquiring or transmitting infection guarantees the presence of backward bifurcation in the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia in a population. Finally, it is shown (via numerical simulations) that a future Chlamydia vaccine that boosts cell-mediated immune response will be more effective in curtailing Chlamydia burden in vivo than a vaccine that enhances humoral immune response. The population-level impact of various targeted treatment strategies, in controlling the spread of Chlamydia in a population, are compared. In particular, it is shown that the use of treatment could have positive or negative population-level impact (depending on the sign of a certain epidemiological threshold).

Chlamydia, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is one of the most important sexually-transmitted infections globally. In addition to accounting for millions of cases every year, the disease causes numerous irreversible complications such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility in females and pelvic inflammatory disease. This thesis presents a number of mathematical models, of the form of deterministic systems of non-linear differential equations, for gaining qualitative insight into the transmission dynamics and control of Chlamydia within an infected host (in vivo) and in a population. The models designed address numerous important issues relating to the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis, such as the roles of immune response, sex structure, time delay (in modelling the latency period) and risk structure (i.e., risk of acquiring or transmitting infection). The in-host model is shown to have a globally-asymptotically stable Chlamydia-free equilibrium whenever a certain biological threshold is less than unity. It has a unique Chlamydia-present equilibrium when the threshold exceeds unity. Unlike the in-host model, the two-group (males and females) population-level model undergoes a backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon, which is shown to be caused by the re-infection of recovered individuals, makes the effort to eliminate the disease from the population more difficult. Extending the two-group model to incorporate risk structure shows that the backward bifurcation phenomenon persists even when recovered individuals do not acquire re-infection. In other words, it is shown that stratifying the sexually-active population in terms of risk of acquiring or transmitting infection guarantees the presence of backward bifurcation in the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia in a population. Finally, it is shown (via numerical simulations) that a future Chlamydia vaccine that boosts cell-mediated immune response will be more effective in curtailing Chlamydia burden in vivo than a vaccine that enhances humoral immune response. The population-level impact of various targeted treatment strategies, in controlling the spread of Chlamydia in a population, are compared. In particular, it is shown that the use of treatment could have positive or negative population-level impact (depending on the sign of a certain epidemiological threshold).

No description available.

Ecological communities along gradients of environmental stress are thought to be structured by trade-offs between resisting biotic interactions in physically benign habitats and successfully exploiting physically stressful habitats. However, these trade-offs are likely to be affected by the predictability of abiotic stressors, and variation in the strength of biotic interactions. I investigated community assembly and food web interactions in ponds across an unpredictable gradient of water inundation (pond permanence) in Canterbury, New Zealand. Pond community composition and species richness were strongly influenced by pond permanence. However, species in temporary ponds were a nested subset of generalists that were also found in permanent ponds, rather than a unique assemblage of temporary pond specialists. Subsequent experiments indicated predator impact decreased with pond permanence, partially due to the foraging suppression of predatory invertebrates in permanent ponds by fish. Weak predation in permanent ponds combined with unpredictable drying regimes likely selected for generalist traits, and resulted in community assembly being driven by a gradient of drying stress rather than trade-offs between biotic interactions and drying. Furthermore, predator impact increased over time in temporary ponds. In predictable snow-melt ponds in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, seasonal windows of weak predation were exploited by vulnerable species, leading to increased diversity within habitats. However in unpredictable systems like Canterbury, temporal increases in predation risk that depend on drying history are likely to increase variability in the spatial arrangement of suitable habitats for particular species. This should further favour the evolution of generalist traits and reduce the importance of trade-offs between predation and drying in the assembly of communities. Considering the predictability of disturbance regimes and the spatial and temporal variation in biotic interactions will greatly enhance understanding and management of communities in heterogeneous landscapes.

This research was developed in the course of Master of the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria, in the Research Field in Special Education. The theme that buoyed refers to the inclusion in undergraduate distance courses and presence teaching trying to understand the looks, actions, challenges and perceptions of management on the inclusion of academics who joined the quota B from 2008 to 2014. It was characterized as a qualitative research case study and had as setting and the space the Federal University of Santa Maria and the following courses: Special Education Degree Full Day, Special Education night, Special Education distance education, pedagogy night, pedagogy day, pedagogy distance education, Bachelor Letters, Letters Portuguese distance education and the sectors: Technology Center Educational, Accessibility Center, pro undergraduate rectory and Department of registration and academic control. The data were collected through semi-structured interview recorded and collected in the fields and courses. The study subjects were eight course coordinators (distance and presence teaching) that included students quota B and five sector coordinators. During data collection we tried to map the number of students entering the institution by Affirmative Action quota B in both modes; check the average time of training; check out the related avoidance numbers; understand how the institution is addressing the difficulties of students with disabilities who entered the Affirmative Action quota B and scholars of distance courses have the same conditions of stay in the institution. For the analysis and processing of the data was used content analysis technique second Bardin (2008), triangulation of interviews, theoretical framework and data collection in sectors based on Triviños (1987). It was found as the entry of these students influences the look on people with disabilities, generating challenges, actions, uncertainties and new discoveries. It was also found that respondents agree with regard to the law and the legitimacy of these students step into the academic spaces. Based on the results of the research, we understand the importance that efforts be made to promote actions that materialize, nurture and leverage the inclusive actions targeting the accessibility adjustments, retention and promotion of learning. / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), na Linha de Pesquisa em Educação Especial. A temática que a balizou refere-se à inclusão em cursos de graduação na modalidade a distância e presencial buscando compreender os olhares, ações, desafios e percepções da gestão sobre a inclusão dos acadêmicos que ingressaram na Cota B no período de 2008 a 2014. Caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa de estudo de caso e possui como cenário e espaço a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e os seguintes cursos de graduação: Educação Especial-Licenciatura Plena Diurno, Educação Especial Noturno, Educação Especial EAD, Pedagogia Diurno, Pedagogia Noturno, Pedagogia EAD, Letras Bacharelado, Letras Português EAD e os setores: Núcleo de tecnologia Educacional-NTE, Núcleo de Acessibilidade, ANIMA, PROGRAD e DERCA. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas e coletadas nos setores e cursos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram oito coordenadores de curso nas modalidades EAD e presencial que tiveram alunos COTA B e cinco coordenadores de setor. Durante a coleta de dados buscou-se mapear o número de alunos ingressantes na instituição pelas Ações Afirmativas Cota B na modalidade Educação a Distância e Presencial; verificar o tempo médio de formação; conferir os números referentes à evasão; compreender como a instituição está abordando as dificuldades dos alunos com deficiência que ingressaram pelas Ações Afirmativas Cota B e se os acadêmicos dos cursos EAD possuem as mesmas condições de permanência dentro da instituição. Para análise e tratamento dos dados utilizada foi a técnica de Análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2008) e a Triangulação das entrevistas, referencial teórico e coleta de dados nos setores baseada em Triviños (1987). Constatou-se o quanto o ingresso destes estudantes influencia na visão sobre as pessoas com deficiência, gerando desafios, ações, incertezas e novas descobertas. Verificou-se também que os entrevistados concordam no que se refere ao direito e legitimidade destes estudantes que ingressam nos espaços acadêmicos. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, compreende-se a importância de que sejam empreendidos esforços para promover ações que concretizem, orientem e potencializem as ações inclusivas visando às adequações de acessibilidade, permanência e promoção da aprendizagem.