Este trabalho descreve a utilização de um software livre educacional do interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder (IMZ), em português, como instrumento motivador, ilustrativo, de fácil manuseio e compreensão, para ajudar no ensino e aprendizagem de Física. Salientamos que este software educacional foi desenvolvido através de um projeto coordenado pelas professoras Fernanda Ostermann e Flávia Rezende, do Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e foi utilizado como principal instrumento para introduzir conceitos fundamentais de física quântica em uma disciplina do curso Mestrado Profissional de Ensino de Física. No entanto, podemos dizer que esta foi a primeira vez que o IMZ foi aplicado a uma turma de professores não ligados profissionalmente à UFRGS. Em acréscimo ao software, foram elaborados e remodelados como produtos educacionais, textos de apoio e guias experimentais que poderão ser usados tanto por professores, como por alunos do Ensino Médio. Fenômenos ondulatórios foi o assunto explorado e um de seus subtemas, a interferência da luz, foi bastante enfatizada. Colocamos à disposição dos professores um material didático de fácil interpretação, podendo, também, ser utilizado com alunos do Ensino Médio. O desenvolvimento desse material tem caráter estratégico para que sirva de base a futuras transposições de temas da física quântica, em particular, o fenômeno da dualidade onda-partícula, para este nível de ensino. Este material de apoio e o software compreendem um curso de quarenta horas, para um grupo de seis professores da rede estadual, mais especificamente para os professores que lecionam Física, nas escolas que representam a 6ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (6ª CRE), com o apoio da mesma. O curso aconteceu em 2006, na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio “Ernesto Alves de Oliveira”, em Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Embasado na Teoria de Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel, o material servirá, também, como base ou conhecimento prévio para futuras investidas em outros temas relacionados à física quântica. O conteúdo da teoria ondulatória da luz, trabalhado sobre o aparato do interferômetro virtual de Mach-Zehnder proporcionou a interação entre o conhecimento novo (física quântica e dualidade ondapartícula, desenvolvida sobre o interferômetro virtual de Mach-Zehnder no regime quântico) e o prévio (teoria ondulatória da luz desenvolvida sobre o interferômetro virtual de Mach- Zehnder clássico), possibilitando uma aprendizagem significativa e dando sentido às novas informações. No decorrer do curso, ao analisarmos o comportamento e as atitudes dos professores, pudemos perceber que este assunto não é trabalhado no Ensino Médio, e que eles apresentam dificuldades em relação aos conceitos fundamentais da teoria. Entretanto, parte do grupo mostrou interesse em obter novos conhecimentos, pois em todos os encontros havia questionamentos relacionando novos conceitos com os pré-existentes. Enfim, o software gerou visível entusiasmo com as novas possibilidades de aulas “práticas”, com a aprendizagem dos novos conceitos e também a proposta de se avaliar com a utilização de mapas conceituais, estratégia desenvolvida por Novak. / In this work it is shown how the utilization of a free educational software can be useful as a motivating and illustrative tool to help the teaching and understanding of fundamental concepts on quantum mechanics. Besides being available also in Portuguese, the virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is easy to handle. The software has been developed under a project coordinated by Professor Ostermann (UFRGS) and Professor Rezende (UFRJ) and has been used as a main tool to introduce students from Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física to fundamental concepts on quantum physics. Here, it is reported the first time the software was used in an environment that is not university. Concepts of quantum physics were discussed in a 40 hours course given to a group of six secondary level school teachers in 2006. They were teachers working under the 6ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (6ª CRE). The course took place in Santa Cruz do Sul (RS) at Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio “Ernesto Alves de Oliveira”. In order to help the students with the software itself and physical concepts that could help the understanding of the simulations results, supporting materials like helping texts and experimental guides were prepared based on Ausubel framework. We were also concerned about an educational product that could also be helpful to secondary level school students. The texts are available in an easy language and straightforward physics. Although the number of students were relatively small, the group was representative in the sense it reproduces the reality of public secondary schools in Brazil. Physics is not, in general, taught by people that are graduated in Licenciatura em Física and the ones that are, are in general, not very well prepared. It was clear that no one in the group had enough confidence “to touch” subjects related to quantum physics in classes having the excuse this is a very difficult topic to overcome. Using optical physics as basis and the virtual MZI, we could see some enthusiasm when the students realize it is possible, for example, to discuss some concepts related to wave-particle duality without unreachable mathematics.

This qualitative study was designed to understand the experiences of General Educational Development (GED) graduates enrolling into a community college. Research had not been conducted to explore the experiences of GED graduates completing the 2014 version of the exam and transitioning to college. Guided by Schlossberg's college transition theory and Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, this phenomenological study included 11 participants who described their experiences through written narratives and interviews. Participants described their experiences of being an adult education student while preparing for the exam, the steps within the GED test preparation they considered important to matriculation toward college enrollment, and their points of view of the enrollment experience into a community college. Data analysis included analytic induction and participatory analyses for discovering patterns and clarification of statements made by the participants. Narratives, interviews, and field notes were transcribed, member checked, and reviewed for interaction, continuity, and situation prior to coding. The realization of motivation, determination, and self-efficacy, established around supporting relationships assembled during the transition to college, were common experiences among these participants. A deeper understanding of these factors for adults matriculating through GED and into college hopefully instills awareness and sparks discussion for improvements in educational support services.

This thesis seeks to understand and explain gendered everyday life in the village of HatNyao in Northwestern Laos, specifically in relation to rubber cultivation, by using an ethnographic approach and methods. The ‘rubber boom’ is changing the landscape of Northern Laos, and in the process is reshaping gendered everyday life. Gender relations in the village of HatNyao are undergoing various transformations whereby previous gender structures start to erode. Additional changes will probably continue to occur, largely due to increasing labour shortages. Gendered everyday life in HatNyao is therefore ‘bending’ with the changes associated with rubber cultivation, as well as in relation to different spaces of the everyday and household diversity. The concept of ‘paradoxical gendered spaces’ is invoked to capture the ways in which the dimensions and activities of the everyday vary with, in particular, ethnicity and age. Most households in HatNyao have improved their living conditions due to rubber cultivation. Nevertheless, inequalities are increasing within the village: better-off households have improved their situation, while for others it has been more difficult to adapt to the new conditions of everyday life and rubber cultivation. As the number of villages introducing rubber in Laos is increasing, alongside the number reaching the crucial tapping stage, it is essential to understand how rubber cultivation in smallholder communities interacts with gender relations and the division of labour. There are thus both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ outcomes from introducing rubber in Laos, since it depends on the context, as well as on the diverse spaces of the everyday.

Host–guest complexes are widely investigated because of their importance in many industrial applications. The investigation of their physico–chemical properties helps understanding the inclusion phenomenon. The hosts investigated in this work are cryptophane molecules possessing a hydrophobic cavity. They can encapsulate small organic guests such as halo–methanes (CH2Cl2, CHCl3). The encapsulation process was investigated from both the guest and the host point of view. With the help of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), the kinetics of complex formation was determined. The information was further used to obtain the activation energies of the processes. Having done this on five different cryptophanes, it is possible to relate the energies to structural differences between the hosts. Via the dipolar interaction between the guest’s and host’s protons, one can get information on the orientation of the guest inside the cavity. Moreover, the dynamics of the guest can be further investigated by its relaxation properties. This revealed restricted motion of the guest inside the host cavity. Not only the nature of the guest plays an important role. The host is also changing its properties upon encapsulation. All the cryptophanes investigated here can exchange rapidly between many conformers. These conformers have different–sized cavities. Quantum chemical optimization of the structure of the conformers makes volume estimation possible. Not only the cavity volumes, but also the quantum-chemically obtained energies and the calculated chemical shifts of the carbon–13 atoms can be helpful to follow the changes of the host upon complex formation. The host cannot be considered as a rigid entity. Analysis of variable temperature proton and carbon-13 spectra shows that the encapsulation can be considered as a mixture of conformational selection and induced fit. The structures of the formed complexes are further investigated by means of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (NOESY). The complex formation, its kinetics and thermodynamics are found to be a complicated function of structure elements of the host, the cavity size and the guest size and properties. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Manuscript.</p><p> </p>

In the present fierce global competition, poor responsiveness, low flexibility to meet the uncertainty of demand, and the low efficiency of traditional assembly lines are adequate motives to persuade manufacturers to adopt highly flexible production tools such as cross-trained workers who move along the assembly line while carrying out their planned jobs at different stations [1]. Cross-trained workers can be applied in various models in assembly lines. A novel model which taken into consideration in many industries nowadays is called the linear walking worker assembly line and employs workers who travel along the line and fully assemble the product from beginning to end [2]. However, these flexible assembly lines consistently endure imbalance in their stations which causes a significant loss in the efficiency of the lines. The operational time variability is one of the main sources of this imbalance [3] and is the focus of this study which investigated the possibility of decreasing the mentioned loss by arranging workers with different variability in a special order in walking worker assembly lines. The problem motivation comes from the literature of unbalanced lines which is focused on bowl phenomenon. Hillier and Boling [4] indicated that unbalancing a line in a bowl shape could reach the optimal production rate and called it bowl phenomenon.  This study chose a conceptual design proposed by a local automotive company as a case study and a discrete event simulation study as the research method to inspect the questions and hypotheses of this research.  The results showed an improvement of about 2.4% in the throughput due to arranging workers in a specific order, which is significant compared to the fixed line one which had 1 to 2 percent improvement. In addition, analysis of the results concluded that having the most improvement requires grouping all low skill workers together. However, the pattern of imbalance is significantly effective in this improvement concerning validity and magnitude.

No description available.

This qualitative study was designed to understand the experiences of General Educational Development (GED) graduates enrolling into a community college. Research had not been conducted to explore the experiences of GED graduates completing the 2014 version of the exam and transitioning to college. Guided by Schlossberg's college transition theory and Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, this phenomenological study included 11 participants who described their experiences through written narratives and interviews. Participants described their experiences of being an adult education student while preparing for the exam, the steps within the GED test preparation they considered important to matriculation toward college enrollment, and their points of view of the enrollment experience into a community college. Data analysis included analytic induction and participatory analyses for discovering patterns and clarification of statements made by the participants. Narratives, interviews, and field notes were transcribed, member checked, and reviewed for interaction, continuity, and situation prior to coding. The realization of motivation, determination, and self-efficacy, established around supporting relationships assembled during the transition to college, were common experiences among these participants. A deeper understanding of these factors for adults matriculating through GED and into college hopefully instills awareness and sparks discussion for improvements in educational support services.

Magistriniame moksliniame tiriamajame darbe „Paviršinių nuotekų Vilniaus mieste užterštumo tyrimai“ buvo apžvelgta mokslinė – techninė literatūra, kurioje aprašoma paviršinių nuotekų užterštumo skendinčiosiomis medžiagomis kaita lietaus metu. Literatūroje taip pat išanalizuotas pirmojo teršalų antplūdžio reiškinys, t.y., kuomet po tam tikro sausojo periodo, lyjant lietui, urbanizuotoje teritorijoje susiformuoja ypač užterštos pirmosios paviršinių nuotekų porcijos. Ištyrus pirmojo teršalų antplūdžio reiškinio dėsningumą, patikimumą ir universalumą, galima būtų šias žinias panaudoti valytino paviršinių nuotekų kiekio nustatymui. Žinodami, kad didžioji dalis miesto teršalų transportuojama lietaus pradžioje, o likusioji dalis neturi reikšmingos įtakos upių ekosistemoms, valymo įrenginius galėtume projektuoti taip, kad į juos nukreiptume tik pirmąsias paviršinių nuotekų porcijas. Tai suteiktų galimybę efektyviau ir ekonomiškiau tvarkyti paviršines nuotekas. Šiame tiriamajame darbe atsitiktiniu būdu tyrimo objektu buvo pasirinkti Vilniaus miesto šiaurinės dalies vienas didžiausių (Verkių g. Nr. 1) ir vienas mažiausių (Sporto g. Nr. 2) paviršinių nuotekų surinkimo baseinų išleistuvai. Tyrimų rezultatai parodė, kad paviršinių nuotekų debito bei skendinčiųjų medžiagų koncentracijos kaita priklauso nuo urbanizuotos teritorijos baseino charakteristikų, nuo tinklo akumuliacinių savybių, nuo lietaus intensyvumo bei nuo sausojo periodo. ... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work of scientific research named „The research of the pollution of storm water runoff in Vilnius city“ overlooks the fluctuation of concentration of suspended solids in a storm water runoff. There was also the concept of the first flush phenomenon investigated, which means, that the store of pollutants that had accumulated on paved surface in dry weather are quickly washed off during the beginning of the storm. Investigation of the first flush phenomenon consistent reliability and universality would help to determine the amount of storm water runoff that needs to be purified. Knowing that most of the urban pollutant load is transported in the beginning of a storm and the rest of storm water runoff do not have a significant impact on river ecosystem, water treatment facilities could be designed so that they accept only the first portions of the storm water runoff. In this case, a much smaller volume of runoff storage would be needed to treat and remove urban pollutants. This would allow more efficient and economical control of storm water runoff. The study areas where selected to be the representative drainage basin for a large (Verkių g. Nr1) and small (Sporto g. Nr.2) commercial-residential district. Research results showed that storm water runoff flow and suspended solids concentration change depends on the characteristics of the urban catchment’s area, also from the network storage properties and from the intensity of rainfall... [to full text]

Be tradicinių kartografinio vaizdavimo metodų sukurtų euklidinės geometrijos pagrindu yra kartografinių modelių, kurių sudarymo principas – ne euklidinė metrika. Tokie modeliai yra kartoidai, minčių žemėlapiai, kartografinės anamorfozės. Kartografinės anamorfozės – tai išvestiniai tradicinių žemėlapių grafinis vaizdas, kuriame reiškinio kartografinio vaizdo deformacija priklauso nuo nagrinėjamo reiškinio reikšmių, pamatinio žemėlapio bei pasirinkto algoritmo tipo. Anamorfozės būna dviejų būdų: reguliaraus ir laisvo tinklo. Šio baigiamojo magistro darbo tiklas susipažinti su kartografinių anamorfozių sudarymo teorinėmis nuostatomis ir remiantis jomis sudaryti nereguliaraus tinklo Lietuvos gyventojų tarptautinės emigracijos kartografinę anamorfozę. Kartografinės anamorfozės labiausiai tinka socialiniams-ekonominiams reiškiniams vaizduoti, nes anamorfozės, kartografinės raiškos požiūriu geriau perteikia statistinę informaciją, ir pagerina komunikacinę kokybę. Kartografinių anamorfozių didžiausias trūkumas – paprastų algoritmų joms sudaryti trukūmas. Tačiau nepaisant to, šis kartografinio vaizdavimo metodas yra vienas iš perspektyvių kartografijos plėtros sryčių, todėl labai svarbu, kad Lietuvoje būtų pradėtas tirti šis kartografinio vaizdavimo būdas. / Besides the traditional methods of the cartographical representation, created by the laws of Euclidean geometry, there are images, which have in their basis principles of non-Euclidean metric: cartoids, "mental" maps and cartographical anamorphosises. Cartographical anamorphoses - the graphic representations, derivatives of traditional maps, which scale is transformed, depending on the value of the characteristic of the phenomena on an initial map also on algorithm. Anamorphosise can be classified into: regular and irregular grid. The purpose of this master degree work is to get more information about creation of cartographical anamorphosises and going by that to make irregular grid anamorphosis of international emigration in Lithuania. Cartographical anamorphosises are the best to use for socio-economical analysis, because it show better statistic information and it have better quality of communication. The biggest disadvantage of cartographical anamorphoses is the defect of simple algorithms to create them. In spite of that, this cartographical method of visualization is one of most promising field of cartography that is why is very important to start analyses this cartographical method of visualization in Lithuania.

Tyrimo objektas - vadybiniai psichologiniai savanorystės fenomeno aspektai sporto sektoriuje. Probleminis (tiriamasis) klausimas: kaip organizuoti tinkamą savanorių atranką ir jų išlaikymą pagal vadybinius psichologinius ypatumus, kuriais remiasi savanorišką veiklą sporto sektoriuje pasirinkę asmenys? Tyrimo tikslas ― atskleisti savanorystės fenomeno sporto sektoriuje vadybinius psichologinius aspektus. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti savanorių veiklos vadybinius ypatumus amžiaus, lyties, darbo patirties (užimtumo), savanoriavimo patirties aspektais. 2. Nustatyti ir išanalizuoti savanorių veiklos psichologinius ypatumus amžiaus, lyties, darbo patirties (užimtumo), savanoriavimo patirties aspektais. Išvados: 1. Savanorių veiklos vadybiniai ypatumai: 1.1. Daugiausiai Sporto savanorių sąjungos narių savanorišką veiklą atlieka krepšinio rungtynėse. Šis pasirinkimas statistiškai reikšmingai skiriasi savanoriavimo patirties aspektu (p < 0,05). Savanoriaujant kitose sporto šakose, amžiaus, lyties, užimtumo aspektai reikšmingos įtakos neturi. 1.2.Reikšmingai daugiau vyresnių savanorių teisėjauja arba vadovauja sporto rungtynėse/varžybose. Reikšmingai daugiau jaunesnių savanorių teikia praktinę pagalbą negu atlieka kitus darbus (p < 0,05). Lyties, užimtumo, savanoriavimo patirties aspektais atitinkamos savanoriškos veiklos pobūdžio atlikimo rezultatų skirtumas statistiškai nereikšmingas. 1.3. Savanoriškai veiklai sporto sektoriuje savanoriai, nepriklausomai nuo amžiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object - management psychological aspects of the volunteering phenomenon in the sport sector. Problem (exploratory) issue: how to organize a proper selection and retention of the volunteers according to the management psychological peculiarities. Aim of the research - to reveal management psychological aspects of the volunteering phenomenon in the sport sector. Research tasks: 1. To set and evaluate volunteers’ activity management peculiarities according to the age, gender, work and volunteering experience aspects. 2. To set and analyze volunteers’ activity psychological peculiarities according to the age, gender, work and volunteering experience aspects. Conclusions: 1. Volunteers’ activity management peculiarities showed that: 1.1 Most of all volunteers provide their support in the basketball competitions. Selection of the basketball competitions statistically significantly differs from the other sport branches in respect to the experience of volunteering (till 6 months and over 6 months) (p<0.05). Volunteering activity performance due to the age, gender, occupation doesn’t have any significant impact in the particular fields. 1.2 Organizing volunteering activities and its performance the biggest attention was given to the practical assistance provision. Performance of the corresponding volunteers’ activity statistically differs according to the age aspect: much more senior volunteers are coaching in the sport competitions and much more young volunteers provide... [to full text]