Alors que les hypothèses de valence et de dominance hémisphérique droite ont longtemps été utilisées afin d’expliquer les résultats de recherches portant sur le traitement émotionnel de stimuli verbaux et non-verbaux, la littérature sur le traitement de mots émotionnels est généralement en désaccord avec ces deux hypothèses et semble converger vers celle du décours temporel. Cette dernière hypothèse stipule que le décours temporal lors du traitement de certains aspects du système sémantique est plus lent pour l’hémisphère droit que pour l’hémisphère gauche. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner la façon dont les mots émotionnels sont traités par les hémisphères cérébraux chez des individus jeunes et âgés. À cet effet, la première étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’hypothèse du décours temporel en examinant les patrons d’activations relatif au traitement de mots émotionnels par les hémisphères gauche et droit en utilisant un paradigme d’amorçage sémantique et une tâche d’évaluation. En accord avec l’hypothèse du décours temporel, les résultats obtenus pour les hommes montrent que l’amorçage débute plus tôt dans l’hémisphère gauche et plus tard dans l’hémisphère droit. Par contre, les résultats obtenus pour les femmes sont plutôt en accord avec l’hypothèse de valence, car les mots à valence positive sont principalement amorcés dans l’hémisphère gauche, alors que les mots à valence négative sont principalement amorcés dans l’hémisphère droit. Puisque les femmes sont considérées plus « émotives » que les hommes, les résultats ainsi obtenus peuvent être la conséquence des effets de la tâche, qui exige une décision explicite au sujet de la cible. La deuxième étude a pour objectif d’examiner la possibilité que la préservation avec l’âge de l’habileté à traiter des mots émotionnels s’exprime par un phénomène compensatoire d’activations bilatérales fréquemment observées chez des individus âgés et maintenant un haut niveau de performance, ce qui est également connu sous le terme de phénomène HAROLD (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in OLDer adults). En comparant les patrons d’amorçages de mots émotionnels auprès de jeunes adultes et d’adultes âgés performants à des niveaux élevés sur le plan comportemental, les résultats révèlent que l’amorçage se manifeste unilatéralement chez les jeunes participants et bilatéralement chez les participants âgés. Par ailleurs, l’amorçage se produit chez les participants âgés avec un léger délai, ce qui peut résulter d’une augmentation des seuils sensoriels chez les participants âgés, qui nécessiteraient alors davantage de temps pour encoder les stimuli et entamer l’activation à travers le réseau sémantique. Ainsi, la performance équivalente au niveau de la précision retrouvée chez les deux groupes de participants et l’amorçage bilatéral observé chez les participants âgés sont en accord avec l’hypothèse de compensation du phénomène HAROLD. / While the right hemisphere and valence hypotheses have long been used to explain the results of research on emotional nonverbal and verbal stimuli processing, the literature on emotional word processing is highly inconsistent with both hypotheses, but appear to converge with the time course hypothesis. The time course hypothesis holds that in the processing of some parts of the semantic system the time course of activation is slower in the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere. The goal of this thesis was to find insight into the ways in which words with emotional words are processed in the cerebral hemispheres in young and older individuals. To this end, the first study investigated the time course hypothesis looking at the activation pattern of emotional words in the left and right hemispheres, using the priming paradigm and an evaluation task. Consistent with the time course hypothesis, the results in males revealed an early and later priming in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. The results for females, however, were consistent with the valence hypothesis, since positive and negative words were optimally primed in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. As females are considered more emotional than males, their results may be due to the nature of the task, which required an explicit decision concerning the target. The second study looked at the possibility that the preservation with age of the ability to process emotional words would follow the compensatory role of bilateral activation in high performing older individuals known as the HAROLD phenomenon (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in OLDer adults). Comparing the pattern of emotional word priming in a group of equally high performing older and younger, it was shown that while priming occurred unilaterally in young participants, the pattern of priming in older participants appeared to be bilateral. The occurrence of priming in older adults occurred with a tiny delay, though, that may be due to an increase in sensory thresholds that causes older adults to need more time to encode stimuli and start activation through the semantic network. Thus, the bilateral pattern of priming and the equivalent level of performance in older adults provide behavioral evidence supporting the compensatory role of the HAROLD phenomenon.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude du phénomène de Newhouse et des bifurcations en dynamique holomorphe à plusieurs variables. Elle comporte trois Théorèmes principaux. Le premier de ces trois résultats est un Gap Lemma complexe. En dynamique réelle, le Gap Lemma de Newhouse donne un critère sur le produit des épaisseurs de deux ensembles de Cantor dynamiques pour prouver que leur intersection est non vide. On en donne une généralisation partielle au cas des ensembles de Cantor dynamiques dans C. Plus précisément, on introduit une notion d’épaisseur pour un ensemble de Cantor dynamique planaire et on fournit un critère sur le produit de deux épaisseurs afin d’obtenir une intersection entre deux ensembles de Cantor dynamiques. On montre également que l’épaisseur est une quantité qui varie continûment, ce qui permet d’obtenir des intersections persistantes d’ensembles de Cantor dynamiques. Le second Théorème de cette thèse démontre l’existence du phénomène de Newhouse dans l’espace des automorphismes polynomiaux de degré d pour n’importe quel degré d ≥ 2 dans C^{3}. Au contraire de la situation dans C^{2}, le degré est ici connu et optimal. Le point clef de la preuve est l’introduction dans le domaine complexe d’un outil issu de la dynamique réelle : le blender de Bonatti et Diaz. On formalise le concept de blender complexe et on donne un automorphisme polynomial de C^{3} de degré 2 possédant un blender. Puis, on l’utilise afin de construire successivement des tangences persistantes et des sous-ensembles résiduels d’automorphismes ayant une infinité de puits. Enfin, le dernier résultat porte sur les bifurcations d’endomorphismes holomorphes de P^{2}(C) très particuliers, appelés exemples de Lattès, semi-conjugués à une application affine sur un tore. Dujardin a conjecturé que ces derniers étaient accumulés par des ouverts de bifurcations. On montre que tout exemple de Lattès de degré suffisamment élevé est accumulé par de telles bifurcations robustes. Ceci implique en particulier que tout exemple de Lattès possède un itéré dans l’adhérence de l’intérieur du lieu de bifurcation. La démonstration est basée sur l’obtention d’intersections persistantes entre l’ensemble postcritique et un ensemble hyperbolique répulsif contenu dans l’ensemble de Julia. La preuve est divisée en deux parties : on donne tout d’abord un toy-model qui permet d’obtenir des intersections persistantes entre l’ensemble limite d’un certain type d’IFS, appelé IFS correcteur, et une courbe. Ensuite, dans un second temps, on perturbe l’exemple de Lattès pour créer simultanément un IFS correcteur dans l’ensemble de Julia et une courbe bien orientée dans l’ensemble postcritique / In this PhD thesis, we study Newhouse’s phenomenon and bifurcations in the context of dynamics in several complex variables. We prove three main Theorems. The first one is a complex Gap Lemma. In real dynamics, Newhouse’s Gap Lemma gives a criterion on the product of the thicknesses of two dynamical Cantor sets K and L to show that K ∩ L is not empty. We show a partial generalization of this result for dynamical Cantor sets in C. A relevant notion of thickness in this case is defined and we give some criterion on the product of two thicknesses to show that two dynamical Cantor sets in C must intersect. We also show that the thickness varies continuously, which generates persistent intersections of dynamical Cantor sets. In the second Theorem, we show that there exists a polynomial automorphism f of C^{3} of degree 2 such that for every automorphism g sufficiently close to f, g admits a tangency between the stable and unstable laminations of some hyperbolic set. As a consequence, for each d ≥ 2, there exists an open set of polynomial automorphisms of degree at most d in which the automorphisms having infinitely many sinks are dense. In contrary to the case of C^{2}, the degree is known. To prove these results, we give a complex analogous to the notion of blender introduced by Bonatti and Diaz. In particular, we use a blender to produce robust tangencies. In the third and last result, we study the phenomenon of robust bifurcations in the space of holomorphic maps of P^{2}(C). We prove that any Lattès example of sufficiently high degree belongs to the closure of the interior of the bifurcation locus. This gives a partial answer to a conjecture of Dujardin. In particular, every Lattès map has an iterate with this property. To show this, we design a method creating robust intersections between the limit set of a particular type of iterated functions system in C^{2} with a well-oriented complex curve. Then we show that any Lattès map of sufficiently high degree can be perturbed so that the perturbed map exhibits this geometry

Excavations at the site of Sajara-patac in the upper Huallaga basin offer an opportunity to understand the nature of use of ritual space during the Early Horizon. The new evidence from Sajara-patac revealed the integrated relationship among ritual activities, feasting, and renovation of ceremonial architectures. Though the way of using ritual space at Sajara-patac shows its affiliation to Chavín sphere of interaction, religious ideology of Chavín de Huántar was accepted through local re-interpretations. / Las excavaciones realizadas en el sitio de Sajara-patac, en la cuenca del alto Huallaga, ofrecen una oportunidad de entender la naturaleza del manejo del espacio ritual durante el Horizonte Temprano. Las nuevas evidencias han revelado la relación integral entre las actividades rituales, los festines y la renovación de arquitectura ceremonial. Aunque el manejo del espacio ritual en Sajara-patac muestra su filiación a la esfera de interacción chavín, la ideología religiosa de Chavín de Huántar fue aceptada mediante interpretaciones locales.

These comments have the objective of opening discussion regarding intervention of the State in the economy, regulating prices in times of natural disasters due to the sudden increase of the demand by consumers and consequent economic exploitation by some providers. Taking the chilean case as example, the authors raise certain legislative amendments to avoid that certain providers take improper advantage of consumers in such dramatic times. / Los presentes comentarios pretenden abrir la discusión sobre si el Estado peruano debería intervenir, en tiempos de desastres naturales, en la regulación de los precios de los productos, en tanto estos suelen encarecerse ante el aumento repentino de la demanda por parte de los consumidores y el consiguiente aprovechamiento económico de algunos proveedores. Tomando como ejemplo el caso chileno, planteamos algunas modificatorias legislativas para evitar así que ciertos proveedores se aprovechen de la desesperación de los consumidores en circunstancias tan dramáticas.

This thesis deals with the use of the video as a didactic tool in the education of the physics. Introductory part is theoretic and focuses on classification of didactic tools which can be used for physics teaching. Second part analyses the possibility of capturing physical effects, especially effects with very long or very short duration which cannot be captured by conventional devices. This part is focused on the right selection of physical effects, selecting and setting of suitable devices for capturing and further processing of the recorded video. The next section is based on the previous analysis of physical effects, which are recorded and processed into the form of educational movie. The main result of this thesis is the collection of educational movies of fast and very slow physical effects useful as the didactic tool for the teaching of physics.

Este trabalho descreve a utilização de um software livre educacional do interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder (IMZ), em português, como instrumento motivador, ilustrativo, de fácil manuseio e compreensão, para ajudar no ensino e aprendizagem de Física. Salientamos que este software educacional foi desenvolvido através de um projeto coordenado pelas professoras Fernanda Ostermann e Flávia Rezende, do Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e foi utilizado como principal instrumento para introduzir conceitos fundamentais de física quântica em uma disciplina do curso Mestrado Profissional de Ensino de Física. No entanto, podemos dizer que esta foi a primeira vez que o IMZ foi aplicado a uma turma de professores não ligados profissionalmente à UFRGS. Em acréscimo ao software, foram elaborados e remodelados como produtos educacionais, textos de apoio e guias experimentais que poderão ser usados tanto por professores, como por alunos do Ensino Médio. Fenômenos ondulatórios foi o assunto explorado e um de seus subtemas, a interferência da luz, foi bastante enfatizada. Colocamos à disposição dos professores um material didático de fácil interpretação, podendo, também, ser utilizado com alunos do Ensino Médio. O desenvolvimento desse material tem caráter estratégico para que sirva de base a futuras transposições de temas da física quântica, em particular, o fenômeno da dualidade onda-partícula, para este nível de ensino. Este material de apoio e o software compreendem um curso de quarenta horas, para um grupo de seis professores da rede estadual, mais especificamente para os professores que lecionam Física, nas escolas que representam a 6ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (6ª CRE), com o apoio da mesma. O curso aconteceu em 2006, na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio “Ernesto Alves de Oliveira”, em Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Embasado na Teoria de Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel, o material servirá, também, como base ou conhecimento prévio para futuras investidas em outros temas relacionados à física quântica. O conteúdo da teoria ondulatória da luz, trabalhado sobre o aparato do interferômetro virtual de Mach-Zehnder proporcionou a interação entre o conhecimento novo (física quântica e dualidade ondapartícula, desenvolvida sobre o interferômetro virtual de Mach-Zehnder no regime quântico) e o prévio (teoria ondulatória da luz desenvolvida sobre o interferômetro virtual de Mach- Zehnder clássico), possibilitando uma aprendizagem significativa e dando sentido às novas informações. No decorrer do curso, ao analisarmos o comportamento e as atitudes dos professores, pudemos perceber que este assunto não é trabalhado no Ensino Médio, e que eles apresentam dificuldades em relação aos conceitos fundamentais da teoria. Entretanto, parte do grupo mostrou interesse em obter novos conhecimentos, pois em todos os encontros havia questionamentos relacionando novos conceitos com os pré-existentes. Enfim, o software gerou visível entusiasmo com as novas possibilidades de aulas “práticas”, com a aprendizagem dos novos conceitos e também a proposta de se avaliar com a utilização de mapas conceituais, estratégia desenvolvida por Novak. / In this work it is shown how the utilization of a free educational software can be useful as a motivating and illustrative tool to help the teaching and understanding of fundamental concepts on quantum mechanics. Besides being available also in Portuguese, the virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is easy to handle. The software has been developed under a project coordinated by Professor Ostermann (UFRGS) and Professor Rezende (UFRJ) and has been used as a main tool to introduce students from Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física to fundamental concepts on quantum physics. Here, it is reported the first time the software was used in an environment that is not university. Concepts of quantum physics were discussed in a 40 hours course given to a group of six secondary level school teachers in 2006. They were teachers working under the 6ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (6ª CRE). The course took place in Santa Cruz do Sul (RS) at Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio “Ernesto Alves de Oliveira”. In order to help the students with the software itself and physical concepts that could help the understanding of the simulations results, supporting materials like helping texts and experimental guides were prepared based on Ausubel framework. We were also concerned about an educational product that could also be helpful to secondary level school students. The texts are available in an easy language and straightforward physics. Although the number of students were relatively small, the group was representative in the sense it reproduces the reality of public secondary schools in Brazil. Physics is not, in general, taught by people that are graduated in Licenciatura em Física and the ones that are, are in general, not very well prepared. It was clear that no one in the group had enough confidence “to touch” subjects related to quantum physics in classes having the excuse this is a very difficult topic to overcome. Using optical physics as basis and the virtual MZI, we could see some enthusiasm when the students realize it is possible, for example, to discuss some concepts related to wave-particle duality without unreachable mathematics.

This doctoral research is dedicated to the study of identity issues in contexts of renewal or appropriation of ethnic traditions and their displacement, by specific actors, within the realm of holistic spiritualities. These issues revolve around quests for authenticity, legitimacy and negotiation of (intra)-cultural differences. This research problematizes the relationships among mobility, spirituality and Mayan ethnicity, from the perspective of Transnational Studies and life stories, through the concept of neo-Mayanity. These relationships have been embedded in the broader context of "religious change" and its forms since the 1950s and 1960s. On the one hand, these changes imply the rise of New Age currents in the wake of 1968 counter-culture. On the other hand, they stem from the emergence of new forms of "religious or spiritual mobility", more specifically in the transnational circulation of actors, practices, imaginations and symbols. This research features qualitative case studies conducted in different national contexts. Six field studies were carried out as part of a multi-situated ethnography spanning Mexico, Guatemala, Switzerland and Germany, using methods such as narrative interviews, direct participant observations, cyber-ethnography, and ethno-photography. The research aims to show current transformations in the field of Mayan ethnicity, ever since contact with globalized New Age spiritualities. A variety of empirical examples reveal that since the "2012 Phenomenon", the accelerated transnationalization of spiritual leaders has involved a resemantization of symbolic contents and rituals through processes of rearrangement, visual innovation and cohabitation.

This study addresses young children's involvement with comfort objects, including why children have them, how they are used, when attachments to such objects are cause for concern and how teachers and parents can respond to promote the young child's development. The child's becoming and development is examined in this study. The researcher also reviews major transitional object theories in terms of origin, development and psychological meaning. This study aims to explore this phenomenon from a psychological - educational perspective and to formulate a set of guidelines for parents and professionals whose children use comfort behaviour. Information was collated from case studies, a questionnaire and a detailed study of literature. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / A capilaroscopia periungueal (CPU) é um método diagnóstico simples, não invasivo e de baixo custo que permite o estudo in vivo do estado funcional e morfológico da rede capilar através da visualização direta da fileira distal de capilares da região periungueal dos dedos das mãos. Ela é usada para distinguir o fenômeno de Raynaud (FRy) primário do secundário, como preditor de prognóstico para as colagenoses e para diferenciar doença ativa de inativa (principalmente na dermatomiosite). Nossos objetivos foram avaliar o valor da CPU na evolução da atividade de doença na dermatomiosite juvenil (DMJ) e avaliar os achados clínicos e de CPU de uma coorte de crianças e adolescentes com FRy sem critérios para doenças reumáticas auto-imunes (DRAI). Foram avaliados prospectivamente 30 pacientes com DMJ (critérios de Bohan e Peter) e 40 crianças e adolescentes com FRy através do exame clínico (alterações cutâneas e força muscular) e laboratorial (enzimas musculares, provas de fase aguda e anticorpo antinuclear - AAN). A avaliação capilaroscópica foi realizada através de um microscópio óptico com aumentos de 10 e 16 vezes. O grupo de pacientes com DMJ compreendeu 20 pacientes do sexo feminino (66,6%), com média de idade de 10,4 anos e tempo médio de evolução da doença de 4 anos. Na primeira avaliação 22 das 26 capilaroscopias periungueais (84,6%) realizadas durante a fase ativa exibiram padrão escleroderma (padrão SD) e os 4 exames realizados durante a remissão foram normais. Portanto, em 26 dos 30 pacientes (86,6%) avaliados os dados clínicos e laboratoriais foram associados com os achados capilaroscópicos. Na avaliação prospectiva 15 dos 18 pacientes (83,3%) que mantinham atividade de doença persistiam com padrão SD na CPU e 10 dos 12 exames (83,3%) realizados durante a remissão foram normais ou apresentaram melhora do padrão SD. Portanto, em 25 dos 30 pacientes (83,3%) reavaliados a CPU também se associou com a presença ou ausência de atividade da doença. No grupo de crianças e adolescentes com FRy, 30 (75%) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 14,6 anos e tempo médio de evolução de 4,2 anos. A média de idade do início dos sintomas foi de 10,4 anos e o tempo médio até o diagnóstico de 1,4 anos. Treze (32,5%) dos 40 pacientes apresentaram AAN positivo. Cinco pacientes (12,5%) apresentaram alterações na CPU inicial: 4 microangiopatia inespecífica e 1 padrão SD. Todos foram avaliados prospectivamente e 3 (7,5%) apresentaram alterações na CPU com tempo médio entre as avaliações de 1,6 anos (dos quais 2 sem alterações na 1ª avaliação). Dois pacientes com padrão SD na CPU apresentaram durante a evolução doença mista do tecido conjuntivo e hipotireoidismo respectivamente. Em um paciente com CPU normal e presença de auto-anticorpos foi diagnosticado lúpus eritematoso sistêmico após 1 ano da avaliação inicial. A CPU se associa com a atividade da DMJ e é útil para excluir doenças reumáticas ou outra doença auto-imune nas crianças e adolescentes com FRy. / Objective: To evaluate prospectively the clinical features and nailfold capillaroscopy findings of a cohort of children and adolescents who presented Raynaud´s phenomenon without criteria for auto-immune rheumatic diseases. Methods: We included 40 children and adolescents with Raynaud’s phenomenon. Each patient was clinically evaluated and laboratory exams were performed, including antinuclear antibodies. Concomitantly we also performed a nailfold capillaroscopy by using a optical microscope with a magnification of 10 and 16X. Results: Thirty (75%) out of 40 patients were girls with a mean age of 14.6 years and mean follow-up time of 4.2 years. The mean age at disease onset was 10.4 years and the mean time until diagnosis 1.4 years. Thirteen out of 40 patients (32,5%) presented antinuclear antibodies positivity. Five (12.5%) patients had altered nailfold capillaroscopy: 4 inespecific microangiopathy and 1 scleroderma pattern. All patients were prospectively evaluated within a mean interval time of 1.6 years and 3 (7.5%) patients presented nailfold capillaroscopy alterations. Two patients that showed scleroderma pattern at the nailfold capillaroscopy presented during the follow-up mixed connective tissue disease and hypothyroidism, respectively. In a patient with normal nailfold capillaroscopy and auto-antibodies positivity systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed after 1 year of initial evaluation. Conclusions: Raynaud´s phenomenon remains primary in most cases, however nailfold capillaroscopy is useful to help in exclusion of auto-immune rheumatic diseases or other auto-immune diseases. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

The aim of this thesis is to clarify the concept of still life, outlining its development in the context of art from antiquity to the present. The work will focus select content for specification and formal transformations of still life with the possibility of using the outline of educational potential for the practice of art education in elementary schools. This work includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the history, basic principles and techniques of still life in art and his world and Czech officials. Practical application includes a realistic still life theme in art lessons and its subsequent possibilities.