[pt] A vibração excessiva da coluna de perfuração leva à perda da eficácia do processo de perfuração de poços de petróleo e causa danos prematuros ao equipamento. Portanto, entender a dinâmica do sistema é essencial. O comportamento complexo das colunas de perfuração estimulou um grande número de publicações sobre a dinâmica de perfuração. A vibração torsional está presente na maioria dos processos de perfuração, eventualmente atingindo o fenômeno de stick-slip. Essa vibração torsional resulta da interação não linear entre brocas e rochas. Apesar da complexidade da interação broca-rocha, a relação entre torque e velocidade de broca é, frequentemente, tratada como uma força de atrito seco em um sistema delgado. Um grande número de modelos de atrito é usado para descrever a interação entre brocas e rochas, embora um modelo adequado seja necessário para uma interpretação precisa de sistemas com atrito. Esta contribuição utiliza dados experimentais de uma bancada de testes, capaz de reproduzir o comportamento torsional de um sistema real, equipada com dispositivos de freio simples para introduzir atrito ao sistema, perturbando o movimento de rotação. A bancada é matematicamente modelada como um pêndulo de torção atuado. Esta dissertação propõe um modelo de atrito baseado em dados experimentais e analisa vários fenômenos observados em relação ao atrito, incluindo a histerese. Os resultados experimentais são usados para identificação dos parâmetros do modelo proposto. Por fim, simulações numéricas e resultados experimentais são comparados para validação do modelo de atrito proposto. / [en] Excessive drill string vibration leads to loss of the drilling process effectiveness and premature damage to the equipment. Therefore, understanding the system dynamics is essential. The complex behavior of drill strings attracted considerable attention in specialized literature. Due to the drill string slenderness, torsional vibration is present in most drilling routines, eventually reaching the stick-slip phenomenon. This torsional vibration results from the nonlinear interaction between drill-bits and rocks. Despite the complexity of the bit-rock interaction, researchers often treat the relationship between torque and bit velocity as a dry friction force in a slender system. A large number of dry friction models is used to describe the interaction between drill bits and rocks although a proper model is required for a precise interpretation of systems with friction. This contribution utilizes data from a test rig that is capable of reproducing full-scale system torsional behavior with simple brake devices to introduce friction into the system, disturbing the rotating motion. This test rig is modeled as an actuated torsional pendulum for the numerical investigations of the experimental friction. This dissertation proposes a friction model based on experimental data and analyzes various frictional phenomena observed, including hysteresis. The experimental results are used to identify the proposed model parameters. Lastly, it compares numerical simulations with the experimental results and validates the proposed friction model.

Impostorfenomenet (IF) är vanligt förekommande i den akademiska kontexten. Studier visar att fenomenet har en negativ påverkan på studenters hälsa och prestation, vilket riskerar att följa studenterna in i arbetslivet. Det är viktigt att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan påverka fenomenet, för att få en ökad kunskap om hur det kan motverkas. Självmedkänsla och ett dynamiskt mindset har i tidigare forskning föreslagits som potentiella skyddsfaktorer mot IF, medan ett statiskt mindset har associerats till högre grad av IF. Syftet med denna tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka hur vanligt förekommande impostorfenomenet är hos universitetsstudenter vid ett svenskt universitet. Ytterligare syftade studien till att undersöka huruvida självmedkänsla och mindset predicerar IF. Totalt 238 studenter från olika universitetsutbildningar deltog i studien. Data samlades in via Clance Impostor Scale, Theory of Intelligence Scale och Self-compassion Scale Short Form. Deskriptiva analyser och en multipel regressionsanalys genomfördes. Resultatet visade att 68.1% av deltagarna upplevde frekventa och höga nivåer av IF. Självmedkänsla och mindset förklarade tillsammans 51.7% av variationen i IF. Endast självmedkänsla var en signifikant prediktor, där högre grad av självmedkänsla relaterade till lägre grad av IF. Resultatet antyder att IF är vanligt förekommande, samt att ett självmedkännande förhållningssätt kan skydda mot impostorkänslor, vilket anger en riktning för framtida forskning för att utveckla lämpliga interventioner. / The impostor phenomenon (IP) is common within the academic context, and has a negative impact on students’ health and performance, with the risk of affecting their later careers. This highlights the need to investigate which factors are involved in the phenomenon, to develop a better understanding for its prevention. Self-compassion and a growth mindset have been suggested as potential resilience factors against IP, while a fixed mindset has been linked to higher rates of IP. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of IP in a sample of Swedish university students. The purpose was also to explore how self-compassion and mindset predict IP. A total of 238 students from different university programs participated in the study. Data was collected with the Clance Impostor Scale, Theory of Intelligence Scale and Self-compassion Scale Short Form. Descriptive analyses and a multiple regression analysis was performed. The result showed that 68.1% of participants reported frequent or high levels of IP. Self-compassion and mindset together explained 51.7% of the variation in the impostor phenomenon. Self-compassion was the only significant predictor, with higher rates of self- compassion being related to lower rates of IP. The results suggest that IP is a common experience, and that self-compassion can function as a protective factor, which motivates the need for further research on effective interventions.

This study addresses young children's involvement with comfort objects, including why children have them, how they are used, when attachments to such objects are cause for concern and how teachers and parents can respond to promote the young child's development. The child's becoming and development is examined in this study. The researcher also reviews major transitional object theories in terms of origin, development and psychological meaning. This study aims to explore this phenomenon from a psychological - educational perspective and to formulate a set of guidelines for parents and professionals whose children use comfort behaviour. Information was collated from case studies, a questionnaire and a detailed study of literature. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

A very short and disagreeable audible and tactile response from a vehicle driveline may be excited when the throttle is abruptly applied or released, or when the clutch is rapidly engaged. The condition is most noticeable in low gear and in slow moving traffic, when other background engine and road noise levels are low. This phenomenon is known as clonk and is often associated with the first cycle of shuffle response, which is a low frequency longitudinal vehicle movement excited by throttle demand. It is often reported that clonk may coincide with each cycle of the shuffle response, and multiple clonks may then occur. The problem is aggravated by backlash and wear in the drivetrain, and it conveys a perception of low quality to the customer. Hitherto, reported investigations do not reveal or discuss the mechanism and causal factors of clonk in a quantitative manner, which would relate the engine impulsive torque to the elastic response of the driveline components, and in particular to the noise radiating surfaces. Crucially, neither have the issues of sensitivity, variability and non-linearity been addressed and published. It is also of fundamental importance that clonk is seen as a total system response to impulsive torque, in the presence of distributed lash at the vibro-elastic impact sites. In this thesis, the drivetrain is defined as the torque path from the engine flywheel to the road wheels. The drivetrain is a lightly damped and highly non-linear dynamic system. There are many impact and noise emitting locations in the driveline that contribute to clonk, when the system is subjected to shock torque loading. This thesis examines the clonk energy paths, from the initial impact to many driveline lash locations, and to the various noise radiating surfaces. Both experimental and theoretical methods are applied to this complex system. Structural and acoustic dynamics are considered, as well as the very important frequency couplings between elastic structures and acoustic volumes. Preliminary road tests had indicated that the clonk phenomenon was a, very short transient impact event between lubricated contacts and having a high frequency characteristic. This indicated that a multi-body dynamics simulation of the driveline, in conjunction with a high frequency elasto-acoustic coupling analysis, would be required. In addition, advanced methods of signal analysis would be required to handle the frequency content of the very short clonk time histories. These are the main novelties of this thesis. There were many successful outcomes from the investigation, including quantitative agreement between the numerical and experimental investigations. From the experimental work, it was established that vehicle clonk could be accurately reproduced on a driveline rig and also on a vehicle chassis dynamometer, under controlled test conditions. It then enabled Design of Experiments to be conducted and the principal causal factors to be identified. The experimental input and output data was also used to verify the mathematical simulation. The high frequency FE analysis of the structures and acoustic cavities were used to predict the dynamic modal response to a shock input. The excellent correlation between model and empirical data that was achieved, clearly established the clonk mechanism in mathematical physics terms. Localised impact of meshing gears under impulsive loads were found to be responsible for high frequency structural wave propagation, some of which coupled with the acoustics modes of cavities, when the speed of wave propagation reached supersonic levels. This finding, although previously surmised, has been shown in the thesis and constitutes a major contribution to knowledge.

在經濟環境日趨多樣化，生產程序日益自動化的今天，聯產品生產現象是企業所無法 避免的事實，本文即在探討聯產品生產型態下所發生的聯合成本，應否加以分攤至各 產品，分攤的意義，並嘗試為中油公司設立新的分攤模式。 本論文共一冊，下分七章二十六節，各章標題如下： 第一章：緒論。 第二章：聯合成本定義暨分攤之優缺點。 第三章：聯合成本分攤之新觀念一一事先性與行為性成本分攤。 第四章：石油工業生產流程特性剖析。 第五章：各項聯合戶本分攤方法之介紹。 第六章：中油公司聯合成本分攤模式之設立。 第七章：結論與建議。

Alors que les hypothèses de valence et de dominance hémisphérique droite ont longtemps été utilisées afin d’expliquer les résultats de recherches portant sur le traitement émotionnel de stimuli verbaux et non-verbaux, la littérature sur le traitement de mots émotionnels est généralement en désaccord avec ces deux hypothèses et semble converger vers celle du décours temporel. Cette dernière hypothèse stipule que le décours temporal lors du traitement de certains aspects du système sémantique est plus lent pour l’hémisphère droit que pour l’hémisphère gauche. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner la façon dont les mots émotionnels sont traités par les hémisphères cérébraux chez des individus jeunes et âgés. À cet effet, la première étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’hypothèse du décours temporel en examinant les patrons d’activations relatif au traitement de mots émotionnels par les hémisphères gauche et droit en utilisant un paradigme d’amorçage sémantique et une tâche d’évaluation. En accord avec l’hypothèse du décours temporel, les résultats obtenus pour les hommes montrent que l’amorçage débute plus tôt dans l’hémisphère gauche et plus tard dans l’hémisphère droit. Par contre, les résultats obtenus pour les femmes sont plutôt en accord avec l’hypothèse de valence, car les mots à valence positive sont principalement amorcés dans l’hémisphère gauche, alors que les mots à valence négative sont principalement amorcés dans l’hémisphère droit. Puisque les femmes sont considérées plus « émotives » que les hommes, les résultats ainsi obtenus peuvent être la conséquence des effets de la tâche, qui exige une décision explicite au sujet de la cible. La deuxième étude a pour objectif d’examiner la possibilité que la préservation avec l’âge de l’habileté à traiter des mots émotionnels s’exprime par un phénomène compensatoire d’activations bilatérales fréquemment observées chez des individus âgés et maintenant un haut niveau de performance, ce qui est également connu sous le terme de phénomène HAROLD (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in OLDer adults). En comparant les patrons d’amorçages de mots émotionnels auprès de jeunes adultes et d’adultes âgés performants à des niveaux élevés sur le plan comportemental, les résultats révèlent que l’amorçage se manifeste unilatéralement chez les jeunes participants et bilatéralement chez les participants âgés. Par ailleurs, l’amorçage se produit chez les participants âgés avec un léger délai, ce qui peut résulter d’une augmentation des seuils sensoriels chez les participants âgés, qui nécessiteraient alors davantage de temps pour encoder les stimuli et entamer l’activation à travers le réseau sémantique. Ainsi, la performance équivalente au niveau de la précision retrouvée chez les deux groupes de participants et l’amorçage bilatéral observé chez les participants âgés sont en accord avec l’hypothèse de compensation du phénomène HAROLD. / While the right hemisphere and valence hypotheses have long been used to explain the results of research on emotional nonverbal and verbal stimuli processing, the literature on emotional word processing is highly inconsistent with both hypotheses, but appear to converge with the time course hypothesis. The time course hypothesis holds that in the processing of some parts of the semantic system the time course of activation is slower in the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere. The goal of this thesis was to find insight into the ways in which words with emotional words are processed in the cerebral hemispheres in young and older individuals. To this end, the first study investigated the time course hypothesis looking at the activation pattern of emotional words in the left and right hemispheres, using the priming paradigm and an evaluation task. Consistent with the time course hypothesis, the results in males revealed an early and later priming in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. The results for females, however, were consistent with the valence hypothesis, since positive and negative words were optimally primed in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. As females are considered more emotional than males, their results may be due to the nature of the task, which required an explicit decision concerning the target. The second study looked at the possibility that the preservation with age of the ability to process emotional words would follow the compensatory role of bilateral activation in high performing older individuals known as the HAROLD phenomenon (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in OLDer adults). Comparing the pattern of emotional word priming in a group of equally high performing older and younger, it was shown that while priming occurred unilaterally in young participants, the pattern of priming in older participants appeared to be bilateral. The occurrence of priming in older adults occurred with a tiny delay, though, that may be due to an increase in sensory thresholds that causes older adults to need more time to encode stimuli and start activation through the semantic network. Thus, the bilateral pattern of priming and the equivalent level of performance in older adults provide behavioral evidence supporting the compensatory role of the HAROLD phenomenon.

The European green lizard, Lacerta viridis, is in the Bohemia region stated as critically endangered species. Populations in this region are located beyond the northern border of continuous range of this species and are closely related to the "riverine phenomenon", and deeply engorged river valleys. The chosen locality in Tiché údolí is a subject to a long-term conservational management aimed to strengthen and maintain abundance of the local population. This management is a direct output of a previous study of this population performed in years 1995-1997. Main goal of the presented study is to compare current population characteristics with the older study. The locality has been visited 119 times in years from 2011 to 2014. The studied population now displays higher abundance and inhabits a larger area. The author also performed a spatial analysis of the places with presence of an observed individual in order to determine and evaluate significance of the chosen abiotic factors for habitat discrimination. The results indicate that positive discrimination is based on the presence of a rock debris and a hiding place. Strongest factors towards negative discrimination were high percentages of grass and high vegetation coverage. This study also contains and discusses ecological, ethological and...

La mouvance migratoire, dynamique et complexe, a changé la face de la réalité du marché en affectant les standards du marketing et des études sur le comportement du consommateur. Des courants de recherche récents dont la « Consumer Culture Theory » ont émergé pour comprendre les nouvelles scènes sociales culturellement diverses en se focalisant sur les dimensions expérientielles et socioculturelles des phénomènes étudiés. L’objectif de notre recherche étant de contribuer, dans une perspective CCT, à une meilleure compréhension du comportement de consommation alimentaire des femmes immigrées en se référant aux théories postassimilationnistes. Pour pouvoir répondre à nos questions de recherche, nous avons opté pour une démarche méthodologique qualitative à travers l’approche de la théorisation ancrée, choisie pour son caractère à la fois créatif et scientifique.Les résultats montrent que la confrontation entre la culture d’origine et la culture d’accueil demande à l’immigré d’interagir avec les diverses dimensions de la culture hôte afin de garder un équilibre cognitif-conatif-affectif lui permettant de réussir son intégration. Il nous semble aussi porteur de déclarer que notre travail propose une vision holiste du comportement de consommation alimentaire des immigrés et que la consommation alimentaire est un phénomène à facettes multiples qui mérite d’être compris en vue d’y apporter des éclairages et de dévoiler au-delà de son aspect banal, sa complexité. Chacune des catégories décelées à travers nos analyses représente un phénomène en soi et dans chacune des activités les attitudes, les représentations, les émotions, les sens, et les comportements changent. / The dynamic and complex migratory movement has changed the face of the market reality by affecting the standards of marketing and research on consumer behavior. Of trends in research that’s "Consumer Culture Theory" has emerged to understand the new culturally diverse social scenes focusing on experiential and cultural dimensions of the phenomena studied. The goal of our research is to contribute, into a CCT perspective, to a better understanding of food consumption behavior of immigrant women by referring to postassimilationnist theories. To answer our research questions, we opted for a qualitative methodological approach through the grounded theory approach, chosen for his character both creative and scientific.The results show that the confrontation between the culture of origin and the host culture asks immigrants to interact with various aspects of the host culture to keep a cognitive-affective-conative balance allowing it to successfully integrate. It also seems interesting to declare that our work offers a holistic view of food consumption behavior of immigrants and that food consumption is a multifaceted phenomenon that deserves to be understood in order to provide insights and reveal, beyond its ordinary aspect, its complexity. Each of the categories identified through our analysis is a phenomenon in itself and in each activity, attitudes, representations, emotions, meanings, and behavior change.

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to discuss the phenomenon of the Shoah from most angles and sides to avoid simplification and generalization. The result is the creation of activities for pupils outlining the Holocaust, the Shoah. I want to combine eyewitness testimony uměleckoliterárním rendition of the theme of the Shoah. For greater expertise as a starting point of my work I choose: I. general characteristics of totalitarianism or the system that gave rise to the Shoah, II. insight into historical context, as my activity is usable in more subjects: literature, civics and history is necessary for me this season prepared and factually. III. The art of literature related to the topic of the Shoah affected by the "wine", I will try to demonstrate the immanence of the destruction of human society, which is also what should be heard even at the end of my activities. IV. The final activity will be articulated eyewitness testimony and artistic text (which process the same historical events) will be outlined their educational use in the subjects: civics, history and literature. Target activity will be interdisciplinary, as it is mainly designed for the needs of secondary schools, for the interconnection of multiple information sources and their mutual confrontation, which leads to less distortion of...

This diploma thesis on Issues of translation of the novel NeprOsti by Taras Prochas'ko deals with an analysis of the translation and specification of particular translators' solutions of the novel NeprOsti written by one of the famous one of the famous contemporary Ukrainian prosaist and essayist, who belongs to representatives of the Stanislav Phenomenon. His work has a specific characteristic distinguished from the other Ukrainian post-modern authors. The characteristic of his work and its placement within the contemporary Ukrainian literature is a part of the first section of the work. The attention is paid to Prochasko's specific text NeprOsti, published in 2012, in Czech translation titled Jinací. In the second part of the diploma thesis there are stated the theoretical solutions of my analysis. The story is set into ethnographic specific Hutsul part of Carpathian Ukraine, which is rich in numerous local facts and linguistic interesting peculiarities that are significantly reflected in the text. For this reason the novel contains a number of problematic and interesting phenomena, which are generally referred to as culture-specific items. A difficulty during the translation process was also caused by the author's distinctive syntax, language games and numerous polysemantic expressions. In the...