Orientador: Maria Aparecida Affonso Moyses / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T14:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_SandroRodriguesdos_D.pdf: 1284071 bytes, checksum: 414a556ef1decb0e632c354c2016366d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A adolescência é um período singular do desenvolvimento, em que cultura e relações sociais influenciam fortemente a formação do sujeito e papéis sociais. O propósito deste estudo é refletir sobre possibilidades de enfrentamento de preconceitos e estigmas em um grupo de adolescentes no contexto de suas relações com Mestres de capoeira. Método: Pela metodologia qualitativa, de estudo de caso, estudou-se um programa de ensino de capoeira para um grupo de 18 adolescentes, durante 33 encontros semanais, de 120 minutos, em um Centro Comunitário de atendimento ao adolescente na cidade de Campinas ¿ São Paulo ¿ Brasil, nos anos de 2011 e 2012. As atividades foram registradas por meio de vídeogravações e anotações em Diário de Campo. Estes registros foram analisados a partir dos temas relevantes para a pesquisa. Resultados: No início, foi possível identificar a emergência de preconceitos e estigmas no discurso e atitudes dos adolescentes; no decorrer dos encontros, observou-se o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento. Conclusão: As análises revelaram atitudes e diálogos que evidenciam um processo de mudança dos jovens em relação a diversos conceitos e preconceitos que, inicialmente, marcavam a interação e as relações entre os membros do grupo. Relações de respeito entre Mestres e alunos em uma tradição cultural como a capoeira podem favorecer o enfrentamento de preconceitos e estigmas / Abstract: Adolescence is a unique developmental stage, during which culture and social relationships strongly influence the formation of individuals and are reflected in the establishment of social roles that condition the participation of individuals in the groups to which they belong. The aim of this study was to reflect on the conditions for coping with and overcoming prejudice and stigma in a group of adolescents enrolled in a capoeira training program. Method: Based on qualitative research methods, a group including 18 adolescents was monitored throughout 33 120-minute weekly capoeira training sessions held at a community centre for adolescent care in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil in 2011-2012. The activities were recorded on video and in fieldwork notebooks. The records were analyzed based on the themes of interest for this study. Results: In the earlier sessions, prejudice and stigmatization were detected in the adolescents¿ speech and behavior. Over time, however, the participants developed strategies for coping with and overcoming these negative influences. Conclusion: The analyses revealed behaviors and dialogues indicative of changes in the adolescents in relation to some of the concepts and prejudices that characterized the early interactions and mutual relationships among the group members. A respectful relationship between teachers and students according to such a traditional culture, such as capoeira, seem to favor the coping with and overcoming prejudice and stigma / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Ciências / 01-P-4525/2013 / CAPES

abstract: Several states within the United States have recently passed the Victim Life Photo Act, which allows prosecutors to present photographs of alleged murder victims when they were alive during the guilt phase of a trial. Critics argue that these photographs do not offer any relevant information about the crime or the defendant’s potential guilt and might bias jurors to vote guilty based on their sympathy for the victim—perhaps disproportionally so for high-status victims. Two mock trial experiments tested whether online participants who viewed alleged murder victim photographs would convict more because they increase anger, disgust, fear, sadness, and/or sympathy. Mock jurors who saw photographs of White (but not racial minority) victims while they were alive reported more sympathy for the victim relative to those who saw the same evidence without a photograph of the living victim—but the sympathy did not increase convictions (Study 1). Study 2 extended this study by testing whether the living victim photographs are more impactful in conjunction with seeing gruesome photographs of the victim after her death, creating a particularly disturbing contrast effect versus seeing the living photograph alone. Study 2 found that (a) living victim photographs on their own again had no effect on participants’ verdicts, (b) gruesome photographs on their own increased convictions through increased disgust, and (c) participants who saw both living and gruesome murder victim photographs (versus gruesome alone) were more conviction prone due to increased anger and sympathy. These studies inform current debates regarding the controversial Victim Life Photo Act: Admitting living victim photographs during the guilt phase—if presented along with gruesome photographs—can make jurors more sympathetic and angry, which can increase convictions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2020

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2004. / Refer to document

The study involves an experimental procedure which addresses the influence of body shape (i.e. obesity), on contact between the doctor and patient. The theoretical part includes studying and describing the current literature relevant to the topic, defining concepts of obesity, prejudice, and weight stigma. The theory concludes with a critical reflection of the current level of knowledge. For the experimental part, participants are randomly assigned across several experimental conditions, which consist of video views an expert advice from the doctor. Conditions vary gender and weight physician, as well as the content of the information the doctor gives to the potential patient. The main research aims are to provide an evidence on how is the weight stigma influenced by various factors, especially gender of HCPs, the information they are providing, their weight status, and other relevant sociodemographic characteristics on the side of a participant. Data are analysed with multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance. The study results are consistent with previous findings in literature. Keywords: Weight stigma, obesity, prejudice, discrimination

Criminal acts committed by racial, national and other hateful motives Abstract in english The dissertation thesis is focused on the issue of crimes committed by racial, national and other hate motives, which are nowadays commonly referred to as hate crimes. The dissertation thesis comprehensively elaborates the essence of the issue of hate crimes and the ideas on which this crime is based on. The thesis points to a relatively rich but very inconsistent and constantly evolving terminology and defines related terms such as extremism, racism, anti-Semitism, anti-Islamism or racial prejudice. It should be recalled that the notion of hate crime is not entirely appropriate to this issue. A closer interpretation of the individual terms is important for the correct interpretation of the relevant facts that are affected by this issue. The analysis of related criminal offenses and related case-law demonstrates what conduct these crimes may impact. We have to realize that the issue is very closely related to the constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech and expression, and they are very closely intertwined. To define the boundary between an offense and the right of an individual freely expressing their opinions in word, writing, print, image or otherwise, as well as freely seeking, receiving and disseminating...

Tatueringar har historiskt sett väckt fördomar hos människor i form av att tatuerade individer uppfattas besitta negativa egenskaper. Denna studie undersökte hur tatueringar på en förskollärare var relaterade till utomståendes uppfattning om dennes lämplighet att ta hand om barn. Vidare undersöktes även om likhetseffekten var en faktor i tatuerade och icke-tatuerade deltagares bedömning av yrkesutövaren. Genom en kvantitativ vinjettstudie fick 151 universitetsstudenter bedöma en förskollärares lämplighet utifrån 14 yrkesrelaterade egenskaper. Cirka hälften av deltagarna bedömde en icke-tatuerad förskollärare och den andra hälften bedömde en tatuerad förskollärare. Av deltagarna var 65 själva tatuerade och 86 icke-tatuerade. Resultatet presenterade inga signifikanta skillnader i bedömningen mellan den tatuerade förskollärarens och den icke-tatuerade förskollärarens lämplighet. Det fanns heller ingen skillnad i bedömningen utifrån om deltagaren själv hade tatueringar eller inte. Studiens resultat skiljer sig delvis från tidigare forskning och kan därav ligga till grund för vidare fördjupning i fördomar kring tatueringar inom olika yrken.

The purpose of this thesis is to present an empirical finding in the area of culture and entrepreneurial intention. The author developed an entrepreneurial culture measure regard to values of proudness and prejudice based on the data from the World Values Survey. Entrepreneurial intention as the dependent variable was draw from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Consortium (GEM) ’s 2006 dataset. The data sample contains 27 countries. The result shows the newly developed culture measure is negatively correlated with entrepreneurial intention, which means countries have high level of prejudice towards certain social groups such as women or immigrants could lead to lower level of entrepreneurial intention. A series of robustness tests were conducted to test the fitness of the model. In general these tests do support the robustness of the finding. However as for the shortage of the small sample size, future research is still needed to confirm this finding.

Are ethnic income gaps a result of attitudes? This paper studies how natives’ negative attitudes towards immigrants affect the income gap on the Swedish labor market. The significance of this question is based on policies in the European union that work towards labor markets that are free from discrimination that are based on characteristics such as ethnicity, gender etc. This paper will investigate the situation on the Swedish labor market in hopes that both foreign and domestic policy makers will work together, towards creating a labor market that does not discriminate by race. To answer this question, we use a behavioral measure of the general public as an attitude measure, which also should be fairly representative for the employers’ attitudes in the same region. This measure is obtained from a field experiment conducted on the Swedish housing market. This data addressed the general public’s attitudes towards immigrants in terms of positive callbacks to a housing contract. This data combined with data on earnings, age, sex, race, and education, from Statistics Sweden (SCB), could be used to run four different OLS-regressions in Stata. We found weak to no evidence that attitudes contribute to the income gap due to lack of data on employment, unemployment, hourly wages, and firm information. A further investigation containing data on work hours and hourly wages are essential to conclude that attitudes affect the income gap. Our hopes are that future studies regarding differences in earnings between natives and immigrants keep getting studied with additional data on hourly wages and employment.

The present dissertation set out to investigate the predictors and consequences of sexist behavior. Specifically, this dissertation aimed at contributing to the existing sexism literature and research, by expanding the scope of research on sexist beliefs to the investigation of the relation between implicit and explicit hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes, and hostile and benevolent sexist behaviors (Manuscript #1). A second goal was to deliver novel insight into the consequences of benevolent sexism for men, or in other words, to identify possible costs and perils that engaging in benevolent sexist behavior has for men (Manuscript #2). Finally, the present dissertation focused on the examination of individual and collective strategies to respond when being confronted with sexism (Manuscript #3).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / As the world continues to diversify and we begin to move towards a majority-minority America, it becomes ever critical for organizations to utilize diversity training effectively to create a more equitable work environment. This is especially true when considering the growth of Latino immigrants in the work force and how majority group members may view this as a threat to their group dominance, resulting in experiences of discrimination and prejudice towards minorities. However, research regarding the best methods to utilize to reduce prejudice against specific targeted groups has been inconclusive, and little work has been done to investigate personality characteristics as potential boundary conditions of diversity training effectiveness. Thus, the goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of two diversity training methods, perspective taking and imagined contact, specifically for trainees low in Openness to Experience who may be especially resistant to training. To test this over two time points (two weeks apart), we recruited White participants ( N= 471) via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, highlighted the demographic changes occurring in the modern workforce, randomly assigned them to either the perspective taking, imagined contact, or control condition, and then measured their Openness to Experience, intergroup anxiety, prejudiced attitudes and behavioral intentions towards Latino immigrants. Results revealed no significant interactions with Openness to Experience, thus resulting in its omission from the final model. Results also did not provide evidence for the training methods having a significant direct effect on the reduction of prejudice and the increase in behavioral intentions towards Latino immigrants. However, there was support found for intergroup anxiety such that it mediated the relationship between the diversity training methods and prejudiced attitudes and behavioral intentions. Exploratory analyses also revealed imagined contact to be more effective at reducing prejudice and increasing positive behavioral intentions via a reduction in intergroup anxiety compared to the perspective taking condition. Implications, future research, and limitations are discussed.