Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka stereotyper av terroristen som finns i det svenska samhället och hur dessa påverkar relationerna mellan människor. Utgångspunkten är att flera undersökningar pekar på att den mediala bilden av terroristen är kopplad till muslimer. Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram är kritisk diskursanalys och Ruth Wodaks diskurshistoriska ansats. Denna teori kopplar samman diskursiva praktiker med den historiska, mediala, politiska och sociala kontexten de är förankrade i. Analysen sker på tre nivåer. Först beskrivs språket enbart utifrån de lingvistiska uttrycken. Sedan analyseras texterna utifrån den historiska, mediala och politiska kontexten. Slutligen analyseras materialet utifrån den bredare socialhistoriska kontexten (”grand theories” eller stora berättelser), nämligen teorin om moderniteten och den postkoloniala teoribildningen. Materialet består av en enkätundersökning som främst används som del av kontexten och av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex informanter.Denna forskning visar på att stereotypen av terroristen finns hos informanterna. Denna stereotyp bekräftar hypotesen om att det är muslimen som är terroristen precis som i den mediala beskrivningen. Stereotypen av terroristen förändras när de intervjuade börjar reflektera och jämföra den första bilden av terroristen med andra historiska exempel och nutida mindre uppmärksammade exempel. De två bilderna tillhör två olika diskurser i vilka informanterna är involverade samtidigt. Vad gäller relationerna mellan människor påverkas dessa av stereotypen av terroristen. Fördomarna mot muslimer förstärks och kanske t.o.m. sprids till nya grupper i samhället. Stereotypen skapar rädsla och oro och förstärker individers känsla av en klyfta mellan öst och väst och mellan svenskar och invandrare. / The aim of this study is to investigate which stereotypes of the terrorist are present in the Swedish society. The aim is also to describe if and how these stereotypes affect human relations. The starting point is that several exempels of research show that the image of the terrorist media presents is linked to Muslims. The theoretical framework of this research is critical discourse analysis and Ruth Wodak’s discourse– historical approach. This theory links the discoursive practices to different extralinguistical contexts: history, media, politics and society in which the practices are embedded. The analysis is done on three levels. First the language is described just focusing on the linguistical expressions. Then the texts are analysed through the different contexts. Finally the empirical data is analysed through the broader socio–historical context (”grand” theories), in our study the theory of modernity and the postcolonial theory. The data consists of a survey that mostly serves as a part of the context and of qualitative interviews with six respondents.The results of this study show that a stereotype of the terrorist exists. This stereotype confirms the hypothesis that it is the Muslim who is the terrorist in the same way as in the descriptions of the media. Another result of the study is that the stereotype of the terrorist changes when the respondents begin to reflect and compare the first image of the terrorist with other historical or less media-covered exampels. The two different images of the terrorist belong to two different discourses which the respondents are involved in at the same time. The consequences on the human relations are that these are affected by the stereotype of the terrorist. The prejudices against Muslim are strengthened and may even spred to new social groups. The stereotype creates fear and weariness and strengthens the individuals feeling of a gap between East and West and between Swedes and immigrants.

This dissertation examined interracial contact and racial prejudice among white, black, Asian, and Latino college students at 28 elite colleges and universities in the United States. The study used longitudinal analyses to identify how interracial contact among college students influenced students' racial prejudice. White students interacted almost exclusively with each other and with Asian students. Asian students interacted with each other and with white students. Latino students were the most integrated, they interacted with all other student groups at high rates. Black students were the most segregated in their interactions as students of other races had less interactions with them on campus. Cross-race interactions during college did not influence white students' exiting levels of traditional and modern racial prejudice. Cross-race interactions during college had limited influence on black and Asian students' exiting levels of racial prejudice, mostly for traditional forms of racial prejudice. Latino students exhibited the most interracial contact effects on their exiting levels of racial prejudice of all student groups with all traditional and modern forms of racial prejudice influenced by cross-race interactions. The consideration of race as a form of social identity was the most powerful influence on students' exiting levels of racial prejudice for all groups. The context of interracial contact at elite colleges and universities and the existence of racialized stages of interaction are discussed in the final chapter to understand the study findings. Lastly, a discussion of the potential implications of this study's results for future intergroup contact research is also presented. / Ph. D.

Dion (2001) observed that being the target of stigma and prejudice has a “demonstrable, negative effect upon the individual.” While blatant prejudice has lessened there has been little change in the rate of subtle forms of stigma and prejudice (Wilson, 1996). Recent trends in the literature acknowledge the importance of everyday reminders of difference or prejudice for women, racial minorities and ethnic groups (Swim, 2003). Jews with a long history as targets of stigma, prejudice and discrimination are an excellent example of a modern concealable stigma. Previous research into the Jewish experience has been influenced by concerns about group survival and has not included specific investigation of the experience of the target of stigma in interaction with perpetrators. Using a qualitative life history methodology this research sheds light on the experience of minority group members with a concealable stigma. Jewish adults with diverse backgrounds were interviewed using a semi-structured life history approach. The first layer of analysis identified six overarching themes – unshakeable loyalty to Jewish identity; importance of belonging; living Jewishness in a way that is meaningful; concerns about visibility of Jewishness; concerns about personal and group vulnerability including references to the Holocaust; and everyday encounters with prejudice. These themes share commonalities with Fiske’s (2004) social needs expressed in a Jewish context. The second layer of analysis developed a model of an encounter with everyday prejudice. This model identifies the overriding importance of contextual influences on perceptions of an encounter in turn influencing the reaction and response. Following the example of Miller and Kaiser (Miller, 2006; 2001b), these encounters are seen as stressful events which can be understood using the framework of the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The results show the subtle but important impact of everyday prejudice. As well as providing a means of understanding the experience of these individuals the results have implications for both therapeutic and psychoeducational interventions.

Dion (2001) observed that being the target of stigma and prejudice has a “demonstrable, negative effect upon the individual.” While blatant prejudice has lessened there has been little change in the rate of subtle forms of stigma and prejudice (Wilson, 1996). Recent trends in the literature acknowledge the importance of everyday reminders of difference or prejudice for women, racial minorities and ethnic groups (Swim, 2003). Jews with a long history as targets of stigma, prejudice and discrimination are an excellent example of a modern concealable stigma. Previous research into the Jewish experience has been influenced by concerns about group survival and has not included specific investigation of the experience of the target of stigma in interaction with perpetrators. Using a qualitative life history methodology this research sheds light on the experience of minority group members with a concealable stigma. Jewish adults with diverse backgrounds were interviewed using a semi-structured life history approach. The first layer of analysis identified six overarching themes – unshakeable loyalty to Jewish identity; importance of belonging; living Jewishness in a way that is meaningful; concerns about visibility of Jewishness; concerns about personal and group vulnerability including references to the Holocaust; and everyday encounters with prejudice. These themes share commonalities with Fiske’s (2004) social needs expressed in a Jewish context. The second layer of analysis developed a model of an encounter with everyday prejudice. This model identifies the overriding importance of contextual influences on perceptions of an encounter in turn influencing the reaction and response. Following the example of Miller and Kaiser (Miller, 2006; 2001b), these encounters are seen as stressful events which can be understood using the framework of the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The results show the subtle but important impact of everyday prejudice. As well as providing a means of understanding the experience of these individuals the results have implications for both therapeutic and psychoeducational interventions.

Resultat från tidigare studier visar att gruppens normer formar individens attityder tilltolerans. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka könsskillnader till invandrartolerans, medinformanter ur samma arbetsgrupp. Antalet deltagare i studien var 8, varav 4 var kvinnor och4 var män på ett HVB-hem (Hem för Vård och Boende). Studiens ansats var kvalitativ medsemistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet och de kategorier som hittades i studien var:Invandring lönsamt på sikt, Göra skillnad ger utbyte och konflikter, Media om invandring ochAnnan etnisk tillhörighet. Några samhällsfaktorer som påverkar till invandrartoleransbeskrevs, dessa var politisk styrning, utbildningsnivå, ekonomi och kultur, mediapåverkan,och gruppåverkan. I studien beskrevs också teorin The Nature of Prejudice som förklaradehur en attityd bildas, förenad med invandrartolerans. Resultatet i studien gav inte någraskillnader mellan mäns och kvinnors tolerans till invandring utifrån grupperspektivet, kopplattill de sex samhällsfaktorerna som framställdes i studien. / Results from previous studies show that the standards of the group largely shape theindividual`s attitudes to tolerance. The purpose of the study was to investigate genderdifferences in immigrant tolerance, with informants from the same working group. Thenumbers of participants in the study was 8, which 4 were women and 4 were men from thesame working group at a HVB-home (Home for Care and Housing). The study`s approachwas qualitative with semistructured interviews. The result and the categories found in thestudy were: Immigration profitable in the long term, Making difference in exchanges andconflicts, Media on immigration and Other ethnicity. Some societal factors influencingimmigrant tolerance were described, these were political control, level of education,economics and culture, media impact and group impact. The study also described the theoryof The Nature of Prejudice that explained how an attitude is formed, associated withimmigrant tolerance. The result of the study did not show any differences between men`s andwomen`s tolerance for immigration based on the group`s perspective, linked on the sixsocietal factors presented in the study.

No description available.

No description available.

Duzentos anos após seu falecimento, as obras de Jane Austen ainda ecoam nas pessoas. Elas têm sido adaptadas das formas mais variadas, nas mais diferente mídias. Os Diários de Lizzie Bennet é um projeto transmidiático que transpõe o romance Orgulho e Preconceito (1813) para uma vídeo-série veiculada no YouTube de 2012 a 2013 de forma serializada. Esta pesquisa analisa de que forma temas que influenciam a vida das mulheres, como casamento, classe social e dinheiro, foram transpostos do período regencial inglês para a Califórnia-EUA do século vinte-um. Esta análise considera que ambas as obras são compostas por duas camadas de significado: a primeira é constituída pela comédia romântica que dialoga com a cultura popular; a segunda é mais profunda, através da qual a crítica social é revelada. No que tange ao referencial teórico, a relação entre a noção de subjetividade na virada do século dezenove e a expansão da vida privada na esfera pública no século vinte-um, conforme Jon Dovey (2000), é base para compreender como a estrutura de ambas as narrativas contribui na produção de significado. As discussões sobre feminismo e pós-feminismo na cultura popular de Angela McRobbie (2009) e Imelda Whelean (2010) tornam possível a observação da construção dos temas. Em Orgulho e Preconceito, as instituições sociais estabelecidas não são amplamente questionadas. Em vez disso, a composição da subjetividade dos personagens, especialmente das mulheres, revela a crítica a elementos sociais da época. Os Diários de Lizzie Bennet, a seu turno, desafiam as representações da mulher provenientes da cultura popular pós-feminista. A análise da adaptação revela que as mulheres ainda estão restritas a determinados papéis sociais assim como aquelas situadas no romance. Ainda há a necessidade de se encontrar equilíbrio. / Two hundred years after her demise, Jane Austen’s works still resonate with people. They have been adapted in numerous ways through different media. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries is a transmedia project, which transposes the novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) to a videoblog series aired on YouTube from 2012 to 2013 in a serialised mode. This investigation analyses the ways issues concerning the lives of women, such as marriage, money and social class, were adapted from Regency England to twenty-first century California-USA. The analysis understands both works as consisting of two layers of meaning: a romantic comedy layer which converses with popular culture, and a deeper one through which social criticism is revealed. In theoretical terms, the relationship between the notion of subjectivity in the turn of nineteenth century and the spread of private life into the public sphere in the twenty-first century, as proposed by Jon Dovey (2000), informs the analysis of the structural elements of both narratives which contribute to the production of meaning. The discussions on feminism and post-feminism in popular culture by Angela McRobbie (2009) and Imelda Whelehan (2010) make it possible to observe the construction of the themes. In Pride and Prejudice, the established social institutions are not overtly questioned. Instead, it is the composition of the characters’ subjectivities, especially those of women, which reveals criticism on the social context of the time. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, for its part, challenges the established representations of women as informed by postfeminist popular culture. In the end, it seems to propose that women are, in fact, still restrained by social roles, just as the ones in the novel are. There is yet a need to find balance.

No description available.

<p>I vår undersökning vill vi synliggöra hur ungdomar tänker kring homosexualitet. Forskning kring ämnet homosexualitet bland ungdomar är viktigt för att visa alla de fördomar som finns i skolan och övriga samhället som i sin tur leder till att ungdomar med avvikande sexualitet mår psykiskt dåligt. Ämnet homosexualitet är ett brett forskningsområde. I vår undersökning har vi valt att behandla kunskapsbakgrunden med både avhandlingar, vetenskapliga artiklar, rapporter och organisationers information för att få en heltäckande bakgrund av vårt ämnesval. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ undersökning där vi delat ut enkäter till tre olika gymnasieklasser. Genom vårt resultat, som vi tolkade utifrån psykosociala teorier och forskning, kunde vi se att tjejer överlag har en mer positiv inställning till homosexualitet än killar samt att de ungdomar som hade någon form av relation till en homosexuell person hade en större acceptans till ämnet.</p> / <p>In this study we want to illustrate how youth thinks and feels about homosexuality. Studying just this has been shown to be very important, to show youth and society how prejudice and bad attitudes against the subject can produce psychological problems among youth with deviating sexualities. Homosexuality is a very large area of study. We have chosen to focus our study on the knowledge-background, dissertations, scientific articles, reports, and different organisation’s information to try and completely cover the subject we have chosen. We made a qualitative questionnaire, which we then handed out to tree different classes in the upper secondary school for answering. Through our results, which we concluded based on the psychosocial theories and scientific studies earlier made in this area, we could see that females in general had a more positive approach to homosexuality than males. It also showed that males/females who could relate to, or knew a homosexual individual had a bigger understanding and where more tolerating to it.</p>