ABSTRACT Starting in September 1997, the Hong Kong Education Commission has adopted School Self-Evaluation as part of the framework of Quality Assurance Mechanism for promoting quality education culture in schools. Under a project initiated by the Chinese University of Hong Kong, some primary and secondary schools started to implement school self-evaluation in their school. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of this self-evaluation framework based on principals’ and teachers’ perception of these participating schools. The relationships among school self-evaluation, school cultural changes, teacher co-operative learning culture and principal leadership are also explored. Furthermore, this study examines whether other factors, such as school type, teacher gender, teacher ranking position, teachers’ year-of-teaching-career and Chinese cultural values, will affect the implementation of self-evaluation in schools. A mixed approach of methodology was adopted for this research work. The findings indicated that school self-evaluation can initiate teacher co-operative learning culture, which in turn effects cultural changes in these schools. Also, the above named components play specific roles in the school self-evaluation implementation – school cultural change process: teacher co-operative learning culture acts as mediator, school self-evaluation as moderator and principal leadership as change facilitator.

本研究旨在參照美國跨州學校領導標準證照聯合會（ISLLC）所提出的「ISLLC學校領導者標準」為例，藉以建構出國民中小學校長領導能力指標權重體系。研究方法運用分析網路程序法（ANP），研究工具則採用編修之「國民中小學校長領導能力指標權重體系調查問卷」，並以校長學、校長培育、學校行政等領域之13位學者專家為研究對象，對國民中小學校長領導能力指標之內容進行重要性評比。 本研究依據研究結果，得到以下二項研究結論： 一、學校文化與教學方案為最重要之校長領導能力向度 二、提升教師專業能力為最重要之校長領導能力指標 而依據研究結論，本研究提出以下建議，以作為教育行政機關、校長培育機構等之參考。 一、對教育行政機關之建議 （一）儘速研擬設立校長培育標準及專責單位 （二）校長領導能力指標可作為校長評鑑與校長證照制度之基礎 二、對校長培育機構之建議 （一）校長培育課程中其校長領導能力的規劃，以「學校文化的建立」與「教師能力的提升」作為初階能力的養成 （二）「提升教師專業能力」、「合作發展與共享」、「發展績效評估系統」作為校長培育課程的首要目標 此外，本研究亦針對後續研究者在研究對象、研究方法及研究範圍等三方面，提出相關建議。 關鍵字：校長領導能力、校長培育課程、分析網路程序法 / The purpose of this study is to construct a weight system of principal’s leadership competence indicators for the elementary and junior high school, and this study refer to “Interstate school leaders licensure consortium: Standards for school leaders” as an example. The main method of this study is Analytic Network Process (ANP). The research instrument of this study is a modified questionnaire which is used to survey the elementary and junior high principal’s leadership competence. 13 scholar experts most in principalship, principal preparation and school administration are taken as the research object to estimate the importance of indicator for the elementary and junior high school principal’s leadership competence. According to the research results, two conclusions are as follows: 1. School culture and instructional program is the most important dimension of school principals' leadership competence. 2. Enhancement of the professional competence of teachers is the most important indicator of school principals' leadership competence. This study provides the following suggestions from the conclusions to the educational administrations and the organizations of principal preparation for reference: 1. For education administration authority (1) Plan to establish the standards of principal preparation and set up an unit in charge of them. (2) The indicator of school principals' leadership competence can be a basis of principal evaluation and principals’ licensure. 2. For the institutes of principal preparation (1) Planning of principals' leadership capacity in the principal preparation courses as entry-level capacities are “The establishment of school culture” and “The enhancement of the professional competence of teachers”. (2) The principal of the primary objective of the course are “The enhancement of the professional competence of teachers”, “The cooperation and development and sharing”, and “The development of performance evaluation system”. In addition, this study also provides future researchers in three areas of the object of study, research methods and scope of the study to make recommendations. Keywords: principal leadership capacity, principal preparation program, analytic network process

[pt] presente tese intitulada Gestores escolares e sistemas de administração e avaliação em Minas Gerais: uma proposta de modelo de análise do uso de dados buscou compreender as diferentes articulações entre os fatores organizacionais e os atores educacionais perante o processo de uso pedagógico dos dados na gestão das escolas. Para tanto, inicialmente, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica na qual mapeamos sete fatores que influenciam no processo de uso pedagógico dos dados, a saber: o contexto organizacional, os sistemas de gestão, o suporte e acesso à tecnologia, a formação para uso dos dados educacionais, a racionalidade do diretor, o clima escolar e a liderança do diretor. Diante disso, em cada um dos capítulos desta tese discutimos teoricamente cada um desses fatores conjugados com os dados empíricos dos estudos de caso realizados em duas escolas estaduais de Minas Gerais sob a jurisdição da Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Juiz de Fora (MG). Após os processos de análise desenvolvidos durante a pesquisa e a partir da experiência da pesquisadora nas escolas, apresentamos no capítulo final da tese um novo fator a ser agregado como um potencial influenciador no uso de dados para fins pedagógicos na escola: a confiança nos dados. Isso porque o fato de os gestores educacionais confiarem ou não nos dados provenientes dos sistemas de administração e avaliação faz com que os dados educacionais sejam ou não utilizados pedagogicamente na escola. Como resultado final desta tese apresentamos uma proposta de modelo de análise do uso de dados. / [en] The present thesis entitled School managers and administration and evaluation systems in Minas Gerais: a proposal for a model of analysis of data use sought to understand the different articulations between organizational factors and educational actors before the process of pedagogical data use in the management of data. schools. To this end, initially, we performed a bibliographic review in which we mapped seven factors that influence the process of pedagogical use of data, namely: the organizational context, management systems, support and access to technology, training for the use of educational data , the director s rationality, the school climate and the director s leadership. Therefore, in each of the chapters of this thesis we theoretically discuss each of these factors combined with the empirical data of the case studies carried out in two state schools in Minas Gerais under the jurisdiction of the Regional Teaching Superintendence of Juiz de Fora (MG). After the analysis processes developed during the research and from the experience of the researcher in schools, we present in the final chapter of the thesis a new factor to be added as a potential influencer in the use of data for pedagogical purposes in the school: trust in the data. This is because the fact that the educational managers trust or not the data of the administration and evaluation systems makes the educational data to be used pedagogically in the school. As a final result of this thesis, we present a proposal for a model of analysis of the use of data.

This qualitative study sought to identify the common behaviors and practices of principals in high achieving standards-based schools. Three schools were examined in the study. These schools were selected from a ten county area and had demonstrated consistent and unusual growth on the Academic Performance Index (API). The practices of principals were identified through a phenomenological study of the experiences of successfully implementing a standards-based instructional system. Principals were interviewed individually, and focus groups of teachers were interviewed separately. Both groups were asked about the principal behaviors and practices that led the school to achieve academic success. Principals and teachers across the three sites identified similar practices including high expectations of students and staff, planning and goal setting based on student achievement data, frequent monitoring of student achievement, teacher collaboration, principal classroom visits, principal visibility on campus, principal accessibility, and a school culture that promoted trust and team work.

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本研究以兩位成功校長為研究對象，透過質性研究的厚實敘寫以及理論與實務的反覆對照深化，深度探索校長成功領導學校的領導行為與實踐，並分別歸納出具體可行的原則與作法，以及對於校長領導實務、領導理論以及未來研究的建議。透過訪談與分析，本研究獲得如下的分析結果與結論：首先，孔校長的成功領導以分層負責以及完全授權為核心，以走動領導與啟發式溝通為實踐的方法，透過各處室能力的提升，培育各處室獨立作戰與問題解決的能力，學校進入穩定成長期之後，各處室能力皆已成熟，孔校長則以無為而治的領導風格進行學校領導。程校長的領導以教學領導與學習型組織為核心，以教育愛為堅實之理念基礎，透過不斷的問題解決歷程以及環境要素的改善與提供，提升教師的教育信念與教學能力，同時亦提升學生的學習態度、方法與自信，造就學校經營效能飛越式的進步。 本研究對於領導的結論與實務建議如下：（一）欲成為校長的教育工作者應對於自我的特質深切省察；（二）清廉是校長成功領導的基礎條件；（三）善用學校既存問題的解決機會展現校長領導能力；（四）理念正確與堅持力是校長領導成功的致勝關鍵；（五）與學校成員理念與價值觀的溝通應先於（優於）命令與規定；（六）校長在學校組織成員心中未建立信賴感或心服感之前避免躁進；（七）校長應忽略自己的面子問題，並能夠謹慎處理部屬的面子問題；（八）要成為成功校長之前必須先學會如何避免誤觸導致失敗的領導地雷；（九）民主化校園中，校長必需強化本身的溝通能力；（十）成功校長需有能力將關懷行為作為一種倡導行為使用；（十一）成功校長具備優異的問題解決能力；（十二）成功校長需具備消解學校派系的能力；（十三）成功校長能夠掌握各領導理論的基本精神並靈活綜合運用，而非僵化的施行單一領導理論；（十四）成功校長能夠提升學校成員的道德判斷層次並以高層次需求為訴求；（十五）校長對於組織成員個別要求與態度應「知所權變」；（十六）學校變革宜溫和，「在和諧中求進步」；（十七）以環境與風氣改變部屬是至柔且最易成功的領導作法。 / The main participants of this study are the two successful principal in Taiwan’s middle school. Using a qualitative research approach, analysis was done regarding both theoretical and practical applications of school leadership. In-depth exploration of successful leadership of the school principal's leadership behavior and practice were also accomplished. Results were then classify and organized into principles and practices. Recommendations were done on the practice for the leadership of principals, leadership theory, and future researchers. Results are as follows: (1) Principal Kong’s leadership is decentralized and fully authorized as core, leadership by walking around and inspiring communication as a technique, enhancing the ability of each school administrative departments and nurture their independent operation and problem solving capability, hence, the school shall goes into a stage of long-term stability. Principal Kong’s leadership style is a low intervention but decentralized and fully authorized. (2) Principal Cheng’s leadership is focused on instructional leadership and learning organization as the core to school leadership, in addition of the solid foundation in the concept of education love, and through the continuous process improvement and problem-solving with the improvement of school environment, hence upgrade the educational beliefs of teachers and teaching ability, which also enhance the students learning attitude, methods and self-confidence, resulting in the swift operating performance and advancement of the school.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a principal's emotional intelligence and personality and his or her ability to implement and develop professional learning communities within the school. The Professional Learning Community Assessment (PLCA) was administered to principals and teachers in 13 schools in Texas ranging from elementary to high school. Based on the strength of the PLCA scores, two elementary schools were selected to participate in case study research. The principals of these two campuses were administered an emotional intelligence instrument (MSCEIT), a personality instrument (DiSC), and were interviewed along with three of their teachers. The findings indicate that both of these principals scored high in the Influential and Conscientiousness subscales and low in the Dominance subscale. The principals also possessed either near-average or above-average emotional intelligence with both principals scoring particularly strong in the Strategic subscale.

At the time of this study, there is intensified awareness of the importance of special education and the appropriate implementation of supports and services for the students identified as having special needs. In the United States, understanding special education laws, the needs of students with special needs who are served in the school building, and effective ways to interact with staff members and families about special education are important components of principal leadership success. Principal supervisors and others who provide training and ongoing professional development for principals and potential school leaders need to understand more about issues principals face in these expanding roles. This phenomenological study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of principals regarding their experiences and perceptions related to their levels of preparation for special education leadership. The conceptual framework based upon Bandura's social learning theory presented the principal as the role model for teachers and the leader in building relationships with families and supporting student success. Ten principals from K-12 schools were interviewed in person and on the phone. A priori and open coding were used to support interpretive analysis. Principals reported three main areas of concern related to their expanded role: knowing how to work with parents, responding to citations their district received due to not following laws, and learning how to handle challenging situations better. These results suggest that having more preparation and continuing training in the area of special education might contribute to principals' greater understanding of best practices, policies, and procedures.