Spelling suggestions: "subject:"[een] PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES"" "subject:"[enn] PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES""
81 |
Rámování nových psychoaktivních látek v drogové politice Velké Británie / Framing of New Psychoactive substances in British Drug Policy DiscourseNovotná, Lucie January 2016 (has links)
This thesis, New Psychoactive Substances in British Drug Policy Discourse addresses new psychoactive substances (NPS) in drug policy discourse in Great Britain between 2000-2014. It focuses on the identification of individual frames and aims to understand the different perspectives NPS can be framed in The theoretical framework of this thesis is based on the idea of social constructivism and Frame Theory. On this basis, the thesis identifies individual sponsors, the general characteristics of the problem, the injured party, the public policy implications and the value base. It identifies four frames which are present in the discourse. The first, called Fragmented, does not perceive NPS as a comprehensive problem, but as individually occurring substances. The second frame the Prohibitionist wishes to tackle the issue of NPS using new tools of prohibition. The third one, the Regulatory frame is strongly polarized towards the previous frame and wants to solve the NPS issue by creating a legally regulated market for psychoactive substances. The last, Wicked frame, perceives NPS as an unstructured problem, therefore it cannot be solved by one measure. This frame favors an expert debate and evidence in order to find the optimal solution. The thesis puts the issue into context and focuses on NPS...
|
82 |
Sanace rodiny drogově závislých rodičů / Rehabilitation of family drug addicted parentsDubová, Tereza January 2012 (has links)
DUBOVÁ, T. Rehabilitation of family drug addicted parents. Key words: Abstinence - oriented treatment, Dependance syndrome, Dysfunctional family, Rehabilitation of family, Resocialization, Withdrawal syndrome This thesis addresses the issue of drug addiction and parenting. It focuses on society's view on drug addicted parents and briefly defines the concept of addiction. The core work is the rehabilitation of these families and its various forms. It describes the role of professional institutions that deal with protecting the interests of the child and work with drug addicted parents and contributes to the rehabilitation of the family. The work also includes specific aspects of women's drug addiction and the consequences of substance use during pregnancy on the child. At the end of the theoretical chapter is devoted to professional institutions and their programs to work with the family. The practical part of this thesis includes three case studies that describe families of drug addicted parents and the way their efforts to restore or maintain the family.
|
83 |
Zneužívání návykových látek jako kompenzace stresových faktorů při výkonu pomáhající profese / Substance abuse as compensation for stress factors involved in the performance of helping professionsMarkusová, Monika January 2017 (has links)
THE ABSTRACT It has been shown recently that workload, stress, and burnout syndrome among the staff of the medical rescue service may be major risk factors in terms of triggering the use of psychoactive substances. Representing what is understandably a delicate issue, substance use among emergency medical staff has not been thoroughly studied in our country. Emergency medical workers' difficult working conditions and the chronic stress they are exposed to, in combination with a lack of support and care on the part of their employers, result in exhaustion and general distress, accompanied by the development of symptoms associated with both physical and mental disorders. This condition may lead to the use of psychoactive substances as a negative coping strategy. Consisting of both theoretical background and case studies, the paper points out the relationship between the chronic effect of stressors pertaining to the job of emergency medical workers and the use of psychoactive substances as a way of coping with and compensating for the implications of work-related stress and fatigue. Thorough case studies are presented to demonstrate the onset and development of addictive behaviour within a wider context, with special emphasis being placed on its association with coping with both acute and chronic occupational...
|
84 |
Lien entre l’accessibilité perçue d’une substance psychoactive et sa consommation : rôle modérateur de la perception du risque à consommer à l’adolescenceNormandin, Gabrielle 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
|
85 |
Développement d’outils analytiques de mise en évidence de biomarqueurs d’une exposition aux nouvelles substances psychoactives (NPS) : approches in vivo, in silico, in vitro / Development of analytical tools for biomarkers detection of exposure to new psychoactive substances (NPS) : in vivo, in silico, in vitro approachesRicheval, Camille 28 September 2018 (has links)
En raison de leur diffusion sauvage sur le e-commerce, leur soi-disant sécurité d’usage et l’alternative légale aux stupéfiants habituels qu’ils constituent, les nouvelles substances psychoactives (NPS) sont un phénomène mondial émergeant. Au-delà de différents défis dans nos sociétés (législation, prévention,... ), la capacité d'identifier les NPS dans des échantillons biologiques présente de nombreux challenges analytiques : ces nouvelles substances ne sont pas référencées dans les bibliothèques habituelles de spectrométrie de masse commerciales, leur métabolisme est inconnu (avec parfois des métabolites actifs), les doses actives sont parfois très faibles et par conséquent, les concentrations dans le sang ou l'urine sont également faibles. Dans ce contexte, notre laboratoire effectue régulièrement des analyses toxicologiques dans un contexte clinique, et pour les forces de l’ordre, dans des échantillons biologiques à l'aide de deux principaux types d’analyseurs : la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse tandem (CL-SM/SM) pour le criblage ciblé et la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (CL-SMHR) pour le criblage non ciblé. Cette dernière technique est basée sur la masse exacte (mais également, le profil isotopique et le temps de rétention) des composés de l’échantillon à partir de laquelle la formule chimique est déterminée et recherchée dans une base de données spectrales en utilisant un logiciel dédié. L’objectif de ma thèse est de caractériser des NPS et leurs métabolites (afin d’alimenter cette base de données) en utilisant une stratégie combinant des approches in vitro, in silico et in vivo. Il s’agit, en particulier, d’augmenter la sensibilité de détection de la prise de NPS en se focalisant sur les métabolites qui sont le plus souvent les produits majeurs d’élimination des NPS.A cet effet, une méthode in vitro destinée à produire les métabolites des NPS et utilisant des microsomes hépatiques humains a été mise en oeuvre. Les métabolites obtenus, comparés aux prédictions in silico, ont été enregistrés dans la base de données. Cette approche a été confrontée à l’analyses de comprimés et d’autres produits non biologiques contenant des NPS, mais également, à des données in vivo d’exposition aux NPS : cas d’intoxications, études expérimentales et études épidémiologiques prospectives et rétrospectives dans des populations ciblées, ou non…Au total, ce travail basé sur cette stratégie in vitro, in silico, in vivo m’a permis d’enrichir notre base de données de spectres de masse haute résolution (SMHR) pour le criblage non ciblé et également notre base de données de criblage ciblé (SM/SM). Notre méthode en haute résolution, qui s’est enrichie au cours de ces 3 années de thèse de 83 nouveaux NPS et 281 métabolites, constitue aujourd’hui un outil analytique efficient pour la détection d’une exposition aux NPS. / Owing to wild e-commerce diffusion, alleging safety and legal alternative to usual drugs of abuse arguments, the new psychoactive substances (NPS) are emerging phenomenon in the world. In our societies, through various consecutive challenges (legislation, prevention, …), the ability to identify NPS in biological samples exhibits numerous analytical pitfalls: new substances which are not referenced in the usual commercial mass spectrometric libraries, unknown metabolism (with sometimes active metabolites), sometimes very low active dosages and consecutively low concentrations in blood or urine. In this context, clinical and forensic toxicological analyses in biological samples are routinely performed in our laboratory using two main analytical devices: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for targeted screening and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for non-targeted screening. This last technique is based on the accurate mass (together with isotopic pattern and retention time) of sample components, from which the chemical formula is calculated and searched against a database of mass spectra using dedicated software. The aim of my thesis is to characterize NPS and metabolites (in order to increase the spectral database) using a strategy combining in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches. Therefore, the main goal is to increase the detection sensitivity of the NPS use by focusing on the metabolites that are most often the major products of NPS elimination. For this purpose, an in vitro method designed to produce NPS metabolites using human liver microsomes incubations was applied. Obtained metabolites, after confrontation with metabolites in silico predicted, were saved in database. This approach was subsequently confronted with analysis of tablets or other non-biological product containing NPS, but also, with in vivo observed data from NPS exposure: intoxication cases, experimental studies and prospective and retrospective epidemiological studies in targeted population or not … All in all, this work based on this in vitro, in silico and in vivo strategy allowed me to enhance our high resolution spectra database (HRMS) for non-targeted screening and also our spectra database for targeted screening (MS/MS). Today, our HRMS device, with a database that was increased with 83 new NPS and 281 metabolites for the duration of my thesis, is an efficient analytical tool for NPS use detection.
|
86 |
Caracterização sociodemográfica, psicossocial e clínica de usuários de substâncias psicoativas atendidos em centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas (CAPSad)Costa, Janelise Bergamaschi Paziani 15 June 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
janelisebpazianicosta_dissert.pdf: 2457459 bytes, checksum: 519e9ac156cca4f5016a58719a8b2cb1 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-06-15 / Introduction: The use/consumption of psychoactive substances is considered a complex phenomenon, which has biological, psychological and social origins and consequences. Objectives: Describing, analyzing and comparing socio-demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics presented by a population having a Substance Use Disorder. Casuistic and Method: A convenience sample comprising 50 adult male patients who took part in the present study were seen in a Psychosocial Attention Center Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) based in a medium-sized city located in São Paulo State countryside. An Identification Form containing personal and socio-demographic features, as well as a Semi-directed Interview Script, were used for people with alcohol and/or drug-related problems. Data were analyzed by means of non-parametric statistic evidences and qualitative analysis of frequency and percentage of answer category having the same semantic meaning. Results: The study group mostly comprised an adult (28-37 and 48-58 years old), negroid (62%), not engaged (72%), evangelic (44%), unemployed (59,18%) population born in areas around the target city (44,68%), with 5 to 8 years of study (42%) and a monthly family income of 3-5 minimum salaries (47,73%). 68% of these patients had been under treatment for at most a month, especially the youngest interviewed ones (18-37 years old). There has been balance between the participants directed to CAPSad and the ones who have searched for help on their own. Some of the main reasons for this search were: willingness to quit consuming, psychological and emotional problems, as well as chemical addiction. 43,18% of the patient sample were abused (esp. physically) in childhood and/or adolescence, and 74% reported having family problems involving alcohol and/or others drugs. Psychoactive substances use was a contributing factor to damages in the quality of relationship with family of origin, spouse and children. Participants reported significant changes and social repertoire and part of leisure activities was associated to the very use of substances or related activities. 76,60% declared having friends who made use of alcohol and/or other drugs. Alcohol (98%), nicotine (84%), cocaine (72%) and cannabis (72%) derivates, inhalants (48%), hallucinogens (22%) and psychotropic medicine (12%) were the most commonly consumed drugs in a lifetime found among patients. Marijuana, cocaine and crack were statistically associated to research youngest population. 64% started using substances in adolescence, mainly due to friendship, party attendance and curiosity and 38% of these youngsters already made continuous use of them in this very life stage. 66% indicated ‗group, friendship circle, friends as usage partners, 72,92% declared uninterrupted use of drugs for some days and 86% of them reported having had periods without any drug contact. The main factors encountered to relapse were loneliness, family distance, belief of being able to drink with no negative consequences, as well as of feeling fine, use willingness and pleasure and individual psychological characteristics. The most common treatments for problems with alcohol and/or other drugs were CAPSad, Hospitalization, Emergency Room, ―Alcoólicos Anônimos‖, ―Narcóticos Anônimos‖, ―Amor Exigente‖ and religion. Participants reported psychological (96%), physical (90%) and cognitive (71,92%) damages related to substance use. Conclusions: It has been observed that a great percentage of the total number of adult participants in the present study presented significant damages related to alcohol and other drugs abuse/dependence, compromising all individual s functioning areas. Although the results are not conclusive to predicting factors in childhood to drug use, considering sample characteristics varied from worse to better socioeconomics and life conditions. In adolescence, individuals with significant damages, changes and sufferings, in touch with user friends and presenting common features for abuse maintenance were predominant. We may conclude that efficient health promoting and prevention programs and more effective treatments and rehabilitation programs must take into consideration users population heterogeneity. / Introdução: Considera-se o uso de substâncias psicoativas um fenômeno complexo, com origens e consequências biológicas, psicológicas e sociais. Objetivos: Descrever, analisar e comparar características sociodemográficas, psicossociais e clínicas apresentadas por uma população com Transtornos por Uso de Substâncias. Casuística e Método: Participou da pesquisa uma amostra de conveniência com 50 pacientes adultos, sexo masculino, atendida no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad) de uma cidade de médio porte do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados: Ficha de Identificação, contendo características pessoais e sociodemográficas e Roteiro de Entrevista Semidirigida para pessoas com problemas relacionados ao álcool e/ou outras drogas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de provas da estatística não paramétrica e por análise qualitativa a partir de frequências e porcentagens de categorias de respostas com mesma semântica de enunciados. Resultados: Pode-se destacar uma população adulta (28-37 e 48-58 anos), negróide (62%), sem companheiro(a) (72%), com 5 a 8 anos de estudos (42%), evangélica (44%), natural da região administrativa da cidade alvo do estudo (44,68%), com renda mensal familiar de 3 a 5 salários mínimos (47,73%) e desempregada (59,18%). 68% estavam em tratamento no período de ‗até um mês , principalmente os entrevistados mais jovens da pesquisa (18-37 anos). Houve equilíbrio entre participantes que foram encaminhados ao CAPSad e os que buscaram ajuda por conta própria, sendo os principais motivos: cessar o consumo, problemas psicológicos, emocionais e dependência química. 43,18% sofreram abusos (principalmente físicos) na infância e/ou na adolescência e 74% relataram possuir familiares com problemas de álcool e/ou outras drogas. Uso de substâncias psicoativas foi um fator contribuinte para prejuízos na qualidade dos relacionamentos com família de origem, cônjuge e filhos. Os participantes referiram significativa mudança e redução do repertório social e parte das fontes de lazer esteve relacionada ao próprio uso de substâncias ou atividades afins. 76,60% relataram possuir amigos que faziam uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas. Álcool (98%), nicotina (84%), derivados de coca (72%) e de canabinóides (72%), inalantes (48%), alucinógenos (22%), medicamentos psicotrópicos (12%) foram os tipos de drogas mais consumidas durante a vida. Maconha, cocaína e crack foram associadas estatisticamente à população mais jovem da pesquisa. 64% iniciaram o uso de substâncias na adolescência, sendo os principais motivos amizades, frequência em festas e curiosidade e 38% já faziam uso contínuo nessa mesma fase da vida. 66% relataram ‗turma, amigos, colegas como companheiros de uso, 72,92% uso ininterrupto de drogas por alguns dias e 86%, períodos sem o consumo. Principais fatores relacionados à recaída foram solidão, distância dos familiares, impressão de poder beber sem consequências negativas ou de estar bem, vontade e prazer no uso e características psicológicas próprias dos entrevistados. Tratamentos mais utilizados para problemas com álcool e/ou outras drogas foram CAPSad, Internação, Pronto Socorro, Alcoólicos Anônimos, Narcóticos Anônimos, Amor exigente e Religioso. 96% dos participantes relataram prejuízos psicológicos, 90% físicos, e 71,92% cognitivos, relacionados ao consumo de substâncias. Conclusões: Na vida adulta foram evidenciados, para quase a totalidade dos participantes do presente estudo, significativos prejuízos relacionados ao abuso/dependência de álcool e/ou outras drogas, em todas as áreas de funcionamento dos indivíduos. Embora os resultados não permitem evidenciar fatores considerados como preditores na infância para o início do uso de substâncias, uma vez que características da amostra foram variadas entre piores e melhores condições socioeconômicas e de vida, para a adolescência, houve predomínio de sujeitos com prejuízos relevantes, mudanças e sofrimentos, em contato com amigos usuários, demonstrando características comuns para a manutenção do abuso. Há a necessidade de programas eficazes de promoção e prevenção de saúde, tratamentos e reabilitações mais efetivos que levem em consideração a heterogeneidade da população usuária.
|
87 |
Psychosocial fuctors associated with conswnption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco in late adolescents from a privare university in Lima / Factores psicosociales asociados al uso de bebidas alcohólicas y tabaco en adolescentes tardíos de una universidad privada en LimaChau, Cecilia 25 September 2017 (has links)
This paper main objectives are to evaluate the characteristics of tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption as well as associated psychosocial factors in 466 adolescent freshmen in a private university in Lima.We found life prevalence and current consumption rates are higher for alcohol among male students, being beer the most consumed alcohol beverage than other spirits. The pattern of consumption of these substances is social and recreational. With regard to psychosocial aspects, similarities were found between alcoholic beverages and tobacco consumers and nonconsumers or totally abstemious ones (neither alcohol nor tobacco).Only nine adolescents, out of 466, reported that they had never consumed alcoholic beverages nor tobacco (non-consumers) and eight percent of the sample reported illegal psychoactive substance live prevalence. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivos principales evaluar las características del uso de bebidas alcohólicas y de tabaco, y los factores psicosociales asociados, en adolescentes que cursan el primer año de estudios en una universidad privada en Lima. Los resultados muestran que, entre los varones, la tasa de prevalencia de vida y de uso actual es mayor para el alcohol, siendo la cerveza la más utilizada. El patrón de consumo de las sustancias evaluadas de tipo social y recreativo. En relación a los aspectos psicosociales se encontraron tabaco, y los abstinentes totales o no usuarios de ambas sustancias. De los 466 adolescentes encuestados, sólo nueve reportaron que nunca habían usado bebidas alcohólicas ni tabaco (abstinentes totales o no usuarios) y sólo un ocho por ciento de los encuestados reportó prevalencia de vida de sustancias psicoactivas ilícitas.
|
88 |
Os instrumentos legais sobre drogas e a produção de sentidos sobre o usuário : entre o proibicionismo, a (des)criminalização e a redução de danosDantas, Suene de Souza 30 March 2016 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The goal of this Dissertation is to analyze the influence of legal instruments concerning drugs on the
way that the drug users perceive themselves and are socially perceived. Thus, an empiric research
was developed at Psychosocial Care Centers for alcohol and other drugs (CAPS ad), together with
the users and the professionals from this service. The ethnographic fieldwork (GEERTZ, 1973)
lasted six months, including the direct observation and semi-structured interviews, that were
analyzed in reference to the theoretical methodical approach of “discursive practices” (SPINK,
2004). One focus point was on how the interlocutors are influenced by the legal discourses, for
example about prohibitionism, harm reduction, the current law on drugs (N°11.343 / 2006) and the
public policy on drugs, investigating in which way these are producing meanings. Further
investigating the elements involved in the construction of the user category and in the way what the
health professionals think about the matter/issue of drugs, how they perceive the users and conduct
their works practices. Finally, how these conceptions are affected by the legal instrument and
manifested by the professionals and therefore affect how the users perceive themselves,
conceptualize the substances, conceive the drugs law and influence the relationship that users
established with the healthy services. In the period of the research, I notice that the criminalization
of drug use intervened negatively in the way that the users are socially perceived, which is in fact
affecting their health care. A possible change can be seen in the harm reduction programs, however,
the elaboration of progress strategies become limited by the prevalence of the prohibitionist based
and still drug criminalizing Brazilian legislation. Thus, the discussion about drug's
decriminalization or drug's regulation is a present and ongoing topic. Thereby, in the first chapter, I
describe the negotiation process, the integration, adaptation and the process itself of the research
accomplished at CAPS ad. In the second chapter, I contextualize the user term, seeking to
comprehend it from the legal instrument about drugs and the space where this norms have
regulatory function, like in this case, the CAPS ad. In the third chapter, I discuss how the legal
framework is transmitted through the daily practice, in the contact and dialog between the
interlocutors, with the intention to understand how the subject is constituted in this discursive web
and how it refuses or identifies itself with the dominant discourses. / Esta Dissertação tem por finalidade analisar a influência dos instrumentos legais sobre drogas no
modo como os usuários de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) se percebem e são percebidos
socialmente. Para tanto, uma pesquisa empírica foi desenvolvida em um Centro de Atenção
Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPS ad), junto aos usuários e aos profissionais do serviço. O
trabalho de campo, de base etnográfica (GEERTZ, 1973), teve a duração de seis meses e
contemplou a observação direta e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram
analisadas à luz do referencial teórico-metodológico das “práticas discursivas” (SPINK, 2004).
Com um olhar direcionado ao modo como os interlocutores são acionados pelos discursos
regulamentadores, a exemplo do proibicionismo, da redução de danos, da atual lei nacional sobre
drogas (Lei n°11.343/2006) e de políticas públicas sobre drogas, busquei compreender a produção
de sentidos e os elementos em disputa envolvidos na construção da categoria usuário. Ademais,
investiguei como os profissionais de saúde pensam a questão das drogas, percebem os usuários e
conduzem as suas práticas cotidianas de trabalho; e como essas concepções, disseminadas pelos
instrumentos legais e manifestadas pelos profissionais, afetam a maneira como os usuários se
percebem, conceituam as substâncias, concebem as leis que as regulamentam e se vinculam aos
serviços de saúde. No transcorrer da pesquisa, pude notar como a criminalização do uso de drogas
interfere negativamente no modo como o usuário é percebido socialmente, afetando, por sua vez, o
cuidado em saúde. Uma mudança se releva por intermédio das políticas de redução de danos,
contudo, a elaboração de estratégias mais progressistas é limitada pela lei brasileira, que é de base
proibicionista, e ainda, altamente criminalizadora sobre o uso; aspectos que fazem das discussões
sobre a descriminalização ou a regulamentação das drogas, temáticas atuais. Assim, no primeiro
capítulo descrevo o processo de negociação, inserção, ambientação e o decurso da pesquisa
realizada no CAPS ad. No segundo capítulo contextualizo o termo usuário, buscando compreendêlo
a partir dos instrumentos legais sobre drogas e do espaço onde tais normas têm função
regulamentadora, neste caso, o CAPS ad. E no terceiro capítulo discuto como o aporte legal é de
alguma forma traduzido numa prática cotidiana e na interface, no encontro e no diálogo entre os
interlocutores, com o intuito de compreender como o sujeito é constituído em meio a essa teia
discursiva e de que modo ele recusa ou se identifica com os discursos dominantes.
|
89 |
Perfil farmacoterapêutico de adolescentes usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas infanto juvenil do estado de Goiás / Pharmacotherapeutic profile of adolescents users of a psychosocial care center alcohol and drugs juvenile of the state of GoiásAraújo, Sandra Hernandez Morais de 30 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T17:29:02Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Sandra Hernandez Morais de Araújo - 2017.pdf: 3596744 bytes, checksum: 396468c02a05d61bf35172317ac7f3d7 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T14:45:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Sandra Hernandez Morais de Araújo - 2017.pdf: 3596744 bytes, checksum: 396468c02a05d61bf35172317ac7f3d7 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Sandra Hernandez Morais de Araújo - 2017.pdf: 3596744 bytes, checksum: 396468c02a05d61bf35172317ac7f3d7 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Introduction: The use of Psychoactive Substances (PS) brings problems in several areas of the subject's life
such as: health, psychological and social. Epidemiological studies show that it is in the passage from
childhood to adolescence that the use begins. In Brazil, the treatment is preferentially done in the Centers of
Psychosocial Care and in them are offered psychosocial and pharmacological interventions and the
combination of them. Pharmacological interventions can be used to stabilize, detoxify, ameliorate
withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse. The pharmacist plays an important role in the safe and effective
use of medicines in children and adolescents, since it can prevent identifying, evaluating and intervening in
problems related to pharmacotherapy. Objective: to analyze the use of drugs by users of the Psychosocial
Care Center Alcohol and Drugs Infanto Juvenil 24 hours (CPCAD adi III). Methodology: an analytical and
quantitative cross-sectional study, carried out by reviewing medical records. The medical records of users
who were younger than 18 years of age and with prescription of medicines were included and the medical
records that were not filled out were excluded. Potential drug interactions (PDI) were analyzed using the
Micromedex® and Medscape® database. Descriptive and bi-and multivariate logistic regression analyzes
were performed considering a statistically significant relationship p≤0.5. Results: Of the 159 records used in
the study, 71.7% were male subjects with mean age of 16 ± 1.9 years, incomplete elementary schooling
(88%) and the search for treatment occurred in 55, 3% by judicial measure. Among the diagnostic
hypotheses, the most frequent were mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of multiple drugs and
the use of other psychoactive substances (F19) 34.9% and mental and behavioral disorders associated with
the use of cannabinoids (F12) With 17.2%. The age of first use of SP was on average 12.4 ± 1.90 years.
The most used PS was Cannabis (37.2%). The most prescribed drugs were the N03A (antiepileptic) 39.94%
and N05A (antipsychotic) 34.83%% groups. A total of 815 PDI were found per type of interaction, 352 drugcannabis,
139 drug-ethanol, 125 drug-foods, 99 drug-tobacco, 83 drug-drug, and 17 drug-cocaine.
Regarding the severity of the PDI found, 59.4% were moderate, 23.8% were secondary, 15.7% were serious and 1.1% were contraindicated. The drugs that presented the most PDI were chlorpromazine
(32.3%) and diazepam (19.6%). Conclusion: the adolescents were the majority of males, the diagnostic
hypothesis that had the highest frequency was that of mental and behavioral disorder due to the use of SPA
(F-19). The use of PS was on average at 12 years of age and the most consumed PS was marijuana. The
most commonly prescribed drugs were valproic acid (30.63%) and chlorpromazine (20.72%). It was found of
815 PDI with 59.4% classified as moderate. The factor involved in polypharmacy was total PDI and among
the factors involved in the occurrence of total PDI were: being studying and the amount of diagnostic
hypothesis. In view of the high PDI index, the relationship with polypharmacy and a high number of
diagnostic hypotheses, it is necessary to increase the attention of health professionals regarding the topic
and the development of protocols to support decision making. / Introdução: o uso de Substâncias Psicoativas (SPA) acarretam problemas em diversas áreas da vida do
sujeito tais como: na saúde, psicológicos e sociais. Estudos epidemiológicos mostram que é na passagem
da infância para a adolescência que se inicia o uso. No Brasil, o tratamento é feito preferencialmente nos
Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e neles são ofertadas intervenções psicossociais e farmacológicas e a
combinação delas. As intervenções farmacológicas podem ser utilizadas para estabilizar, desintoxicar,
melhora dos sintomas de abstinência e evitar recaídas. O farmacêutico exerce papel importante na
utilização segura e eficaz de medicamentos em crianças e adolescentes, pois o mesmo pode prevenir
identificar, avaliar e intervir nos problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia. Objetivo: analisar a utilização de
medicamentos por usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas Infanto Juvenil 24 horas
(CAPS adi III). Metodologia: estudo transversal analítico e quantitativo, realizado por meio da revisão de
prontuários. Foram incluídos os prontuários dos usuários que eram menores de 18 anos de idades e com
prescrição de medicamentos e foram excluídos os prontuários que não estavam devidamente preenchidos. As potenciais interações medicamentosas (PIM) foram analisadas por meio do banco de dados
Micromedex® e Medscape®. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de regressão logística bi e
multivariada considerando relação estatística significante p≤0,5. Resultados: dos 159 prontuários
utilizados no estudo, 71,7% eram sujeitos do sexo masculino com a média de idade de 16 ± 1,9 anos,
escolaridade ensino fundamental incompleto (88%) e a busca pelo tratamento deu-se em 55,3% por
medida judicial. Dentre as hipóteses diagnósticas, as que apresentaram maior proporção foram os
transtornos mentais e comportamentais decorrentes do uso de múltiplas drogas e do uso de outras
substâncias psicoativas (F19) 34,9% e transtornos mentais e comportamentais associados com o uso de
canabinóides (F12) com 17,2%. A idade do primeiro uso de SPA foi em média de 12,4 ±1,90 anos. A SPA
mais utilizada foi a Cannabis (37,2%). Os medicamentos mais prescritos foram os grupos N03A
(antiepilépticos) 39,94% e N05A (antipsicóticos) 34,83%%. Foram encontradas 815 PIM e por tipo de
interação, foram encontradas 352 medicamento-cannabis, 139 medicamento-etanol, 125 medicamentoalimento,
99 medicamento-tabaco, 83 medicamento-medicamento e 17 medicamento-cocaína. Em relação
a gravidade das PIM encontradas foram 59,4% moderadas, 23,8% secundárias, 15,7% graves e 1,1%
contraindicado. Os medicamentos que mais apresentaram as PIM foram a clorpromazina (32,3%) e o
diazepam (19,6 %). Conclusão: os adolescentes eram a maioria do sexo masculino, a hipótese
diagnóstica que teve a maior frequência foi a de transtorno mental e comportamental devido ao uso de SPA
(F-19). O uso de SPA foi em média aos 12 anos de idade e a SPA mais consumida foi a maconha. Os
medicamentos mais prescritos foram: ácido valpróico (30,63%) e clorpromazina (20,72%). Encontrou-se de
815 PIM com 59,4% classificadas como moderada. O fator envolvido na polifarmácia foi o total de PIM e
dentre os fatores envolvidos na ocorrência do total PIM, foram: estar estudando e a quantidade de
hipóteses diagnóstica. Diante do alto índice de PIM, a relação com polifarmácia e alto número de hipóteses
diagnósticas, faz-se necessário maior atenção dos profissionais de saúde quanto ao tema e
desenvolvimento de protocolos para suporte na tomada de decisão.
|
90 |
Um estudo do perfil dos menores internados na ala de desintoxicação do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná - HOOP - e das políticas públicas relacionadas ao tema / A study of the minors’ profile in the rehabilitation ward at the Western Paraná University Hospital - HUOP - and the public policies related to this themeSilva, Josefa Bras da 23 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-06-04T20:40:47Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Josefa_Silva_2018.pdf: 1442831 bytes, checksum: c832866013a29658382e21eb921eeae4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T20:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Josefa_Silva_2018.pdf: 1442831 bytes, checksum: c832866013a29658382e21eb921eeae4 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Introduction: This research aims at analyzing children and adolescents’ profiles under hospitalization conditions for the detoxification program offered by the Western Paraná University Hospital (HUOP). Methodology: This is a qualitative and quantitative research, with an exploratory-descriptive character. As a support for the analysis, the study deals not only with a bibliographical discussion about children and adolescents under psychoactive substances addiction, but also with the legal rulings established by the Statute of Child and Adolescent, and by the guidelines of SUS and Ministry of Health. The present study also adopted the documentary analysis to rescue the history of the implantation of the HUOP Detoxification Program and its activities. This research used a 400 physical-file samples with the patient’s information in order to carry out statistical analyses concerning the program users. All the information was collected on the day the patient was hospitalized by HUOP's on-call social worker, and all questions were answered by the own patient and his / her caregiver. The selected files are from 2007 to 2016, which was chosen because the Detoxification Wing began its operation in March 2007. The studied variables were: age, sex, schooling, school dropout, family income, chronological order of consumption of psychoactive substances, first substance, substances most used, how the substance was obtained, occupation, participation of social programs, family composition, birth order, addicted familiar member, housing conditions, origin, as well as involvement in infractions, compliance with socio-educational measures, sexual behavior, patients who have become pregnant. Results: Most of them were male (76.5%), while females were 23.5%. Their mean age ranged from 8 to 17 years old, and the oldest age group ranged from 15 to 17 years old, whose focus was the 15-year old group. And regarding their schooling degree, it was observed that the users were behind in school degree. 89.9% of them did not have finish the elementary education and 9% had just part of secondary education. At their hospitalization day, more than 60% were out of school. The familiar average income of the studied individual ranged from one to two minimum wages. In order to get information about the characteristics of psychoactive substances used, it was observed that many of them were introduced to both licit and illicit substances by influence of friends, siblings, relatives and even parents. The main reason that led them to try psychoactive substances was curiosity. And as the first psychoactive substance most consumed was alcohol, and almost 50% was followed by tobacco, and then marijuana. All those patients, before hospitalization, used more than one substance, but marijuana was the most consumed (59.2%), followed by crack. We also have the use of psychoactive substances, among parents reaching 70.4%. The use of psychoactive substances by patients was associated with involvement with illegal activities in order to get them. This index reached 92%. They were involved in robbery, prostitution and, mostly, they took part of illicit psychoactive substance trafficking. It was recorded that 18.2% of them complied with socio-educational measures, 17.5% were in compliance as a service measure, 11.0% were under assisted freedom, 2.6% were in compliance with freedom deprivation measures. Regarding the family, it is observed that 70.5% are part of a parental/single-parent family nucleus. And the number of siblings is small. There were two or three children. They had a bad or conflicting relationship with their family, but the greatest conflict was with their father. The major modality of hospitalization was involuntary, in which they are brought by the parents or guardian, followed by compulsory. The greatest majority was admitted at the hospital against their own will and were brought by parents or guardian, followed by the compulsory. 63.9% had already took part of some treatment before hospitalization in this Wing. The mother is the main person who most come with their sons and daughters to the hospital. Sexual behavior was more associated with risk, with early onset of sexual activity, whose practice is with different partners, including prostitution. Thus, there were forty girls from 400 sampling charts, and from those ones, twelve had already become pregnant at least once. / Introdução: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise do perfil das crianças e adolescentes em condição de internação no programa de desintoxicação, oferecido pelo Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná (HUOP). Metodologia: O estudo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, de caráter exploratório-descritivo. Como suporte para a análise, o estudo trata não só da discussão bibliográfica sobre crianças e adolescentes em situação de uso de substâncias psicoativas, como também da normatização jurídica, prevista pelo Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente, e das diretrizes do SUS e do Ministério da Saúde. O presente estudo, também, adotou a análise documental para resgatar a história da implantação do Programa de Desintoxicação do HUOP e suas atividades. Para efetuar análises estatísticas sobre os usuários do programa, a pesquisa utilizou uma amostra de 400 prontuários físicos, contendo informações referentes aos pacientes. Todas as informações contidas nos prontuários físicos são coletadas no dia do internamento do paciente, pela assistente social de plantão do HUOP, e todas as perguntas são respondidas pelo próprio paciente e seu responsável. Os prontuários escolhidos são do período de 2007 a 2016, e esse período foi escolhido pelo fato de a Ala de Desintoxicação ter seu início de funcionamento em março de 2007. As variáveis estudadas foram idade, sexo, escolaridade, evasão escolar, renda familiar, experimentação, ordem cronológica de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, primeira substância, substâncias de maior uso, modo de obtenção da substância, ocupação, participação de programas sociais, composição familiar, ordem de nascimento, membro familiar com dependência, condições das moradias, procedência, bem como envolvimento em atos infracionais, cumprimento em medidas socioeducativas, comportamento sexual, pacientes que já engravidaram. Resultados: A maioria era do sexo masculino, com um percentual de 76,5%, enquanto o sexo feminino era de 23,5%. A média de idade dos pacientes variou entre oito e 17 anos, sendo que a maior faixa etária é dos 15 aos 17 anos, concentrando-se na faixa etária dos 15 anos. Quanto ao grau de escolaridade, observouse que os usuários apresentavam algum grau de atraso escolar, 89,9% dos usuários possuíam o ensino fundamental incompleto e 9% tinham o ensino médio incompleto, e no dia do internamento mais de 60% estavam fora da escola. A renda média dos familiares da população estudada é de um a dois salários mínimos. Quanto às características do uso das substâncias psicoativas, constatou-se que muitos iniciaram o uso destas, tanto lícitas como ilícitas, por influência de amigos, irmãos, parentes e até mesmo dos pais. O maior motivo que levou à experimentação das substâncias psicoativas foi a curiosidade. E, como a primeira substância psicoativa mais consumida foi o álcool, com quase 50% seguido pelo tabaco, evoluído para a segunda, que foi a maconha. Todos, antes do internamento, faziam uso de mais de um tipo de substância, só que a mais consumida era a maconha, com 59,2%, seguida pelo crack. Há também o uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os pais, chegando a 70,4%. O uso dessas substâncias pelos pacientes estava associado ao envolvimento com atividades ilegais para consegui-las, chegando a 92%. Havia o envolvimento em roubo, prostituição e, sobretudo, a adesão ao tráfico de substâncias psicoativas ilícitas. E 18,2% cumpriram medidas socioeducativas, 17,5% estavam em cumprimento de medida de prestação de serviço, 11,0%, em liberdade assistida, 2,6% estavam em cumprimento de medidas com privação da liberdade. Com relação à família, observa-se que 70,5% fazem parte de um núcleo familiar parental/monoparental. E o número de irmãos é pequeno, de dois a três filhos. O relacionamento dos pacientes com a família é uma relação ruim ou conflituosa com algum membro, sendo o pai com quem ocorrem os maiores conflitos. A maior modalidade de internação foi a involuntária, em que são trazidos pelos pais ou responsável, seguida pela compulsória. E 63,9% já tinham recorrido a algum tratamento antes da internação na ala. A mãe é a principal pessoa que mais acompanha os filhos nos internamentos. O comportamento sexual esteve mais associado ao de risco, com início precoce de atividade sexual, cuja prática é com parceiros diferentes, inclusive se prostituindo. E, da amostra dos 400 prontuários, 40 eram meninas, e, destas, 12 já tinham engravidado uma ou mais de uma vez.
|
Page generated in 0.0748 seconds