O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a imunidade dos templos de qualquer culto. Por intermédio do exame dos conceitos que compõem a normativa e dos parâmetros objetivos que lhe conferem limites, pretende-se fixar a extensão da prerrogativa assegurada no artigo 150 da Constituição Federal. Delimitado este substrato teórico, o trabalho propõe-se a refletir acerca da interpretação da imunidade religiosa diante do atual contexto fático das religiões brasileiras, buscando expor releituras aptas a fornecer respostas mais satisfatórias ao desvirtuamento da prerrogativa observado na prática. / The aim of this study is to analyse the tax immunity of religious temples. The concepts that compose the normative and the parameters objectives that allow its limits were analysed, in order to fix the extension of the privilege granted by the art. 150 of the Constitution of Federative Republic of Brazil. This theoretical study aims to reflect about the interpretation of religious tax immunity toward the current context of brazilian religions, trying to expose reviews of the current method to grant more satisfactory responses for the distortion of the benefit that is shown in practice

Nos sistemas computacionais atuais, enquanto é necessário explorar a disponibilidade de múltiplos núcleos, também é obrigatório consumir menos energia. Para acelerar o processo de desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas e o tornar mais transparente ao programador, Interfaces de Programação Paralela (IPPs) são largamente utilizadas. Entretanto, cada IPP implementa diferentes formas para trocar dados usando regiões compartilhadas da memória. Estas regiões são, geralmente, mais distantes do processador do que regiões privadas da memória e, por consequência, possuem maior tempo de acesso e consumo de energia. Ademais, o sistema de memória dos processadores embarcados é diferente em hierarquia, tamanho, tempo de acesso, consumo de energia, etc., quando comparado aos processadores de propósito geral. Assim, considerando o cenário supracitado, com diferentes IPPs sendo utilizadas em sistemas multicore com diferentes requisitos, neste trabalho será mostrado que cada interface possui comportamento diferente em termos de desempenho, consumo de energia e Energy-Delay Product (EDP), e que este comportamento varia de acordo com a característica da aplicação e o processador utilizado (propósito geral ou embarcado). Por exemplo, Pthreads consome 8% menos energia que o melhor caso de OpenMP; 12% menos que MPI-1; e 8% menos que MPI-2, considerando todos os benchmarks no processador Intel Core i7 (propósito geral). Em contrapartida, no processador ARM Cortex-A9 (sistema embarcado), o melhor caso com OpenMP consumiu 2% menos energia que Pthreads; 6% menos que MPI-1; e 15% menos que MPI-2, para o mesmo conjunto de benchmarks. / In current computer systems, while it is necessary to exploit the availability of multiple cores, it is also mandatory to consume less energy. To accelerate the development of parallel applications and to make it more transparent to the programmer, Parallel APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are widely used. However, each Parallel API implements different ways to exchange data using shared memory regions. These regions are generally more remote than the private ones, and therefore have greater access time and energy consumption. Furthermore, the memory system of embedded processors is different with regard to hierarchy, size, access time, energy consumption, etc., when compared to general purpose processors. Thus, considering the above scenario, with different Parallel APIs being used in multicore systems with different requirements, this work will show that each interface has different behavior in terms of performance, energy consumption and Energy-Delay Product (EDP), and that this behavior varies according to the characteristic of the application and the processor employed (general purpose or embedded). For example, as a result of this work, we have observed that Pthreads consumes 8% less energy than the best case of OpenMP; 12% less than MPI-1; and 8% less than MPI-2, considering all benchmarks on the Intel Core i7 (general purpose). In contrast, in the ARM Cortex-A9 processor (embedded system), the best case with OpenMP consumed 2% less energy than Pthreads; 6% less than MPI-1; and 15% less than MPI-2 for the same benchmarks set.

General Purpose computing on Graphic Processing Unit (GPGPU) gained atten- tion in 2006 with NVIDIA’s first Tesla Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) which could perform high performance computing. Ever since, researchers have been working on software and hardware techniques to improve the efficiency of running general purpose applications on GPUs. The efficiency can be evaluated using metrics such as energy consumption and throughput and is defined based on the requirements of the system. I define it as obtaining high throughput by consuming minimum energy. GPUs are equipped with a large number of processing units, a high memory bandwidth, and different types of on-chip memory and caches. To run efficiently, an application should maximize the utilization of GPU resources. Therefore, a good correspondence between the computing and memory resources of the GPU and those of application is critical. Since an application’s requirements are fixed, the GPU’s configuration should be tuned to these requirements. Having models to study and predict the power consumption and throughput of running a GPGPU application on a given GPU configuration can help achieve high efficiency. The main purpose of this dissertation is to find a GPU configuration that best matches the requirements of a given application. I propose three models that predict a GPU configuration that runs an application with maximum throughput while consuming minimum energy. The first model is a fast, low-cost and effective approach to optimize resource allocation in future GPUs. The model finds the optimal GPU configuration for different available chip real-estate budgets . The second model considers the power consumption and throughput of a GPGPU application as functions of the GPU configuration parameters. The proposed model accurately predicts the power consumption and throughput of the modeled GPGPU application. I then propose to accelerate the process of building the model using optimization techniques and quantum annealing. I use the proposed model to explore the GPU configuration space of different applications. I apply multiobjective optimization technique to find the configurations that offer minimum power consumption and maximum throughput. Finally, using clustering and classification techniques, I develop models to re- late the power consumption and throughput of GPGPU applications to the code attributes. Both models could accurately predict the optimum configuration for any given GPGPU application. To build these models I have used different machine learning techniques and optimization methods such as Pareto Front and Knapsack optimization problem. I validated the model produced results with simulation results and showed that the models make accurate predictions. These models could be used by GPGPU programmers to identify the architectural parameters that most affect an application’s power consumption and throughput. This information could be translated into software optimization opportunities. Also, these models can be implemented as part of a compiler to help it to make the best optimization decisions. Moreover, GPU manufacturers could gain insight on architectural parameters which would profit GPGPU applications the most in terms of power and performance and hence invest on these. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NoelOB_DISSERT_parcial.pdf: 478275 bytes, checksum: 7477ebe7625341cf6b9626c3f1470b3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / This work deals with considerations regarding common types of tax misuse that are present in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. Thus, the work aims to unveil dogmatic features present in these practices that are considered illegal and are beset with vices such as power misusage. The research also aims to acknowledge the unconstitutionality issues regarding other guidance on behalf of goods that are responsible for the gradual positive approach realized by the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution. Thus, the work systematically used methodological procedures that aim to interpret the logical premises present as in the structure proposed by incidence rule matrix as in Ihering´s correction criteria considered as effective in itself. This is done also considering themes such as the Brazilian Public Tax legal matters. The work also performs a teleological debate of the Brazilian National Tax System as well as other related themes. It is understood that power misusage or any regards increase in aliquots. This can be observed in the quantitative criteria present in central aspects regarding taxes that are described in the constitutional regime either regulatory or induced nature, such as §1º, of the normative information present in article number 153 which is considered predominantly as tax raising such as pointed out in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. On the other hand, it is seen that the type of misguidance with goods is understood as a practice that deviates as well as cuts connection with (rectius, unattaches) tax resources that are gathered and destined to specific constitutional purposes. At the end, the work deals with issues that aim to identify possible causes that lead to the use of norms and patterns that regulate such deviations. The research emphasizes ratio issues that are present in tax inspection proposals and invalidation that aim to restore the logical compatibility of these normative actions included in the Constitutional Tax Legal matters that was put forth by the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution / O ensaio em apreço tece considerações sobre as modalidades de desvios de finalidade mais recorrentes no Direito Constitucional Tributário brasileiro, de modo a descortinar as faces dogmáticas das práticas eivadas de vícios de ilegalidade (desvio de poder) e inconstitucionalidade (tredestinação) responsáveis pela frustração paulatina dos escopos positivados na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF de 1988). Para tanto, utilizam-se sistematicamente dos procedimentos metódicos de interpretação, com especial atenção às fecundas premissas lógicas e estruturalistas da regra matriz de incidência tributária, aliadas ao critério de correção material de cunho finalista de Ihering, sem se olvidar da pertinente contextualização dos eixos temáticos, com o Estado fiscal brasileiro, em uma releitura teleológica do Sistema Tributário Nacional e de outros temas transversais relevantes. Compreende-se por desvio de poder todo e qualquer desvio de finalidade que enseja ao aumento de alíquota presente no critério quantitativo da regra matriz dos impostos elencados no regime constitucional das normas tributárias indutoras do §1º, do artigo 153, da CF de 1988, com finalidade predominantemente arrecadatória. Por sua vez, entende-se por tredestinação o desvio de finalidade que desvincula (rectius, desafeta) os recursos tributários arrecadados e de antemão destinados à concretização de fins constitucionais específicos. Por derradeiro, ao identificar os veículos introdutores de normas instrumentalizadores dos desvios, foram propostas, em ultima ratio, algumas interpretações que viabilizam as suas fiscalizações e invalidações, no intuito de restaurar a compatibilidade lógico-finalística desses atos normativos, com os fins positivados no sistema de direito constitucional tributário inaugurado pela Carta Constitucional de 1988

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a imunidade dos templos de qualquer culto. Por intermédio do exame dos conceitos que compõem a normativa e dos parâmetros objetivos que lhe conferem limites, pretende-se fixar a extensão da prerrogativa assegurada no artigo 150 da Constituição Federal. Delimitado este substrato teórico, o trabalho propõe-se a refletir acerca da interpretação da imunidade religiosa diante do atual contexto fático das religiões brasileiras, buscando expor releituras aptas a fornecer respostas mais satisfatórias ao desvirtuamento da prerrogativa observado na prática. / The aim of this study is to analyse the tax immunity of religious temples. The concepts that compose the normative and the parameters objectives that allow its limits were analysed, in order to fix the extension of the privilege granted by the art. 150 of the Constitution of Federative Republic of Brazil. This theoretical study aims to reflect about the interpretation of religious tax immunity toward the current context of brazilian religions, trying to expose reviews of the current method to grant more satisfactory responses for the distortion of the benefit that is shown in practice

Nos sistemas computacionais atuais, enquanto é necessário explorar a disponibilidade de múltiplos núcleos, também é obrigatório consumir menos energia. Para acelerar o processo de desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas e o tornar mais transparente ao programador, Interfaces de Programação Paralela (IPPs) são largamente utilizadas. Entretanto, cada IPP implementa diferentes formas para trocar dados usando regiões compartilhadas da memória. Estas regiões são, geralmente, mais distantes do processador do que regiões privadas da memória e, por consequência, possuem maior tempo de acesso e consumo de energia. Ademais, o sistema de memória dos processadores embarcados é diferente em hierarquia, tamanho, tempo de acesso, consumo de energia, etc., quando comparado aos processadores de propósito geral. Assim, considerando o cenário supracitado, com diferentes IPPs sendo utilizadas em sistemas multicore com diferentes requisitos, neste trabalho será mostrado que cada interface possui comportamento diferente em termos de desempenho, consumo de energia e Energy-Delay Product (EDP), e que este comportamento varia de acordo com a característica da aplicação e o processador utilizado (propósito geral ou embarcado). Por exemplo, Pthreads consome 8% menos energia que o melhor caso de OpenMP; 12% menos que MPI-1; e 8% menos que MPI-2, considerando todos os benchmarks no processador Intel Core i7 (propósito geral). Em contrapartida, no processador ARM Cortex-A9 (sistema embarcado), o melhor caso com OpenMP consumiu 2% menos energia que Pthreads; 6% menos que MPI-1; e 15% menos que MPI-2, para o mesmo conjunto de benchmarks. / In current computer systems, while it is necessary to exploit the availability of multiple cores, it is also mandatory to consume less energy. To accelerate the development of parallel applications and to make it more transparent to the programmer, Parallel APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are widely used. However, each Parallel API implements different ways to exchange data using shared memory regions. These regions are generally more remote than the private ones, and therefore have greater access time and energy consumption. Furthermore, the memory system of embedded processors is different with regard to hierarchy, size, access time, energy consumption, etc., when compared to general purpose processors. Thus, considering the above scenario, with different Parallel APIs being used in multicore systems with different requirements, this work will show that each interface has different behavior in terms of performance, energy consumption and Energy-Delay Product (EDP), and that this behavior varies according to the characteristic of the application and the processor employed (general purpose or embedded). For example, as a result of this work, we have observed that Pthreads consumes 8% less energy than the best case of OpenMP; 12% less than MPI-1; and 8% less than MPI-2, considering all benchmarks on the Intel Core i7 (general purpose). In contrast, in the ARM Cortex-A9 processor (embedded system), the best case with OpenMP consumed 2% less energy than Pthreads; 6% less than MPI-1; and 15% less than MPI-2 for the same benchmarks set.

Denna undersökning utforskar en designteknik som kan kallas dubbeldesign. Tekniken går ut på att en mekanik i ett spel har flera syften. Målet är att mäta vilken skillnad på spelupplevelsen användning av tekniken har. De delar av spelupplevelsen som undersöks är flow och positive affect. Värden för flow och positive affect tas ut genom att testare spelar en prototyp i två versioner och svarar på frågor. Ena versionen av spelet använder dubbeldesign till stor grad medan den andra inte använder tekniken alls. Resultat visar att både flow och positive affect var högre för versionen som inte använder dubbeldesign. En stark koppling hittades mellan användning av spelets mekaniker och resultatet. De som använde många av en versions mekaniker hade generellt en bättre spelupplevelse i den versionen. Att personer väljer att inte använda ett spels mekaniker som är påverkade av dubbeldesign kan bero på förståelsebrist eller en vilja att spara på resurser.

Ce travail vise à étudier le statut, c’est-à-dire la place et le traitement des termes scientifiques et techniques dans le dictionnaire général. On oppose généralement le dictionnaire général au dictionnaire spécialisé. Le premier s’intéresse aux mots (ou lexique de la langue générale) et le deuxième aux termes (ou lexique des langues spécialisées). Or, le dictionnaire général inclut, en plus des mots de la langue générale, un nombre important de termes. Ces termes figurant alors simultanément dans les deux types de dictionnaire font l’objet de cette étude. Celle-ci se propose ainsi d’examiner les deux aspects macrostructurel - choix et emplacement - et mircostructuel - étiquetage, définition, exemplification et, pour les dictionnaires bilingues, correspondants arabes - des termes dans ce type de dictionnaire. Les termes retenus dans cette recherche relèvent de domaines divers. Ils sont extraits d’un corpus trilingue anglais-français-arabe constitué de textes de vulgarisation publiés par l’ONU. Le statut de ces termes est analysé dans deux dictionnaires monolingues français, deux monolingues arabes et deux bilingues français-arabe. / This research aims to study the status - place and treatment - of scientific and technical terms in general dictionaries. General dictionaries concentrate on words (or general language lexicon) whereas specialised dictionaries focus on terms (or specialised language lexicon). However, general dictionaries include, in addition to words, a large number of terms. These terms, which are simultaneously included in both dictionaries types, are the subject of this study. Thus, it proposes to examine the following aspects of the term: macrostructural - choice and location - and mircostructual - labelling, definition and exemplification as well as the term’s equivalent in the Arabic bilingual dictionaries. The terms which are used in this research are from various domains. They are extracted from a trilingual English-French-Arabic corpus which consists of texts published by the UN. The status of these terms is analysed according to two monolingual french dictionaries, two monolingual arabic dictionaries and two bilingual french-arabic dictionaries.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo de nosso trabalho foi caracterizar a aÃÃo de blogagem (MILLER e SHEPHERD, 2007) como uma constelaÃÃo de gÃneros (ARAÃJO, 2006), tomando como critÃrio central o conceito de propÃsito comunicativo especÃfico (SWALES, 1990; 2004, ASKHAVE E WALES, 2001 e BHATIA, 1993; 1997; 2001; 2004). Para tanto traÃamos um percurso teÃrico-metodolÃgico que procurou primeiramente descrever o perfil das comunidades discursivas blogueira, jornalÃstica e acadÃmica as quais fazem uso dos blogs como parte de seu elenco de gÃneros. Buscamos entÃo identificarmos os diferentes gÃneros da constelaÃÃo dos blogs com base na depreensÃo de seus propÃsitos comunicativos especÃficos. Por fim, analisamos como os propÃsitos especÃficos influenciam na constituiÃÃo dos gÃneros da constelaÃÃo dos blogs. Nossa hipÃtese bÃsica foi a de que se, tendo como critÃrio para definiÃÃo de gÃnero a realizaÃÃo de propÃsito(s) comunicativo(s) especÃfico(s), tomado(s) a partir do uso que as comunidades discursivas fazem de um determinado gÃnero, entÃo,acreditamos ser possÃvel que da caracterizaÃÃo das distintas comunidades discursivas que fazem uso dos blogs cheguemos aos diversos gÃneros nomeados em geral como blog, mas que por possuÃrem propÃsitos comunicativos especÃficos constituem-se numa formaÃÃo constelar de gÃneros distintos, contudo, atravessados por elementos comuns, o que os irmana e possibilita o reconhecimento de todos pela mesma denominaÃÃo comum de blog. No desenvolvimento de nossa pesquisa adotamos, quanto ao mÃtodo de abordagem, a etnometodologia (GARFINKEL, 1967, CICOUREL, 1977, COULON, 1995), jà utilizada por Miller (2007), e segundo a qual procuramos depreender falas significativas dos sujeitos em seus contextos espontÃneos de interaÃÃo, atravÃs da cÃpia de telas de blogs, que nos possibilitassem a consecuÃÃo dos objetivos desta pesquisa. Tal mÃtodo de abordagem mostrou-se adequado à depreensÃo dos propÃsitos comunicativos bem como do entendimento sobre o funcionamento das comunidades discursivas que utilizam os blogs. Para a anÃlise da influÃncia do propÃsito comunicativo em cada um dos gÃneros da constelaÃÃo, utilizamo-nos de uma anÃlise quantitativa verificando a ocorrÃncia de caracterÃsticas semelhantes entre os exemplares analisados. Os resultados demostraram que as comunidades discursivas analisadas utilizam os blogs com propÃsitos comunicativos prÃprios e que esses propÃsitos influenciam de fato na constituiÃÃo (plano composicional, temas e estilo)de cada um dos trÃs gÃneros distintos de blogs identificados: blogs pessoais, jornalÃsticos e acadÃmicos. Em nossa visÃo isso à suficiente para caracterizÃ-los como gÃneros distintos, mas irmanados por uma estrutura composicional semelhante, caracterizadora da constelaÃÃo dos blogs. / The aim of our study was to characterize the action of blogging (Miller and Shepherd, 2007) as a constellation of genres (AraÃjo, 2006), using as criteria the central concept of specific communicative purpose (Swales, 1990, 2004, ASKHAVE AND WALES, 2001 and BHATIA, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2004). For this we draw a theoretical-methodological route that sought first to describe the profile of discursive communities such as bloggers, academics and journalistics which make use of blogs as part of its set of genre. Then we identified the different genres of the constellation of blogs based on the apprehension of their specific communicative purposes. Finally, we analyze how the specific purposes influence on the constitution of gender constellation of blogs. Our basic hypothesis was that if, having as criteria for achieving gender definition of purpose (s) communicative (s) specific (s) taken (s) from using that discourse communities are of a certain gender, therefore, we believe it is possible that the characterization of the different discursive communities that make use of blogs to reach diverse genres appointed as general blog, but because they have specific communicative purposes constitute a constellation formation of distinct genera, however, traversed by common elements what unites them and enables recognition of all by the same common name of blog. In developing our research we have adopted the method of approach, ethnomethodology (Garfinkel, 1967, CICOUREL, 1977, COULON, 1995), already used by Miller (2007), and whereby we seek deduce significant statements of the subjects in their contexts spontaneous interaction, by copying screens of blogs, which would enable us to achieve the objectives of this research. This method of approach was adequate to the apprehension of communicative purposes as well as the understanding of the functioning of discursive communities that use blogs. To analyze the influence of communicative purpose in each gender constellation, we use a quantitative analysis in checking the occurrence of similar characteristics between the samples analyzed. The results demonstrate that the discursive communities analyzed using blogs with their own communicative purposes and those purposes influence in fact the constitution (compositional plan, themes and style) of each of the three identified distinct genres of blogs: personal blogs, journalistic and academic. In our view it is sufficient to characterize them as distinct genera, but united by a similar compositional structure, characterizing the constellation of blogs.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de Teleologia no pensamento de Immanuel Kant, tomando como base a CrÃtica da Faculdade do JuÃzo, tendo em vista salientar, sobretudo, a idÃia de finalidade na Natureza. Assim sendo, tentaremos mostrar, de acordo com Kant, a necessidade de se pensar alguma forma de conformidade a fins para que qualquer juÃzo possa ser possÃvel; ela vai descrever uma sintonia entre juÃzo e mundo. PorÃm, salientando que a conformidade a fins objetiva nÃo à nenhum princÃpio necessÃrio da natureza, mas regulativo para o simples ajuizamento dos fenÃmenos; um princÃpio a mais para submeter esses fenÃmenos a regras onde as leis da causalidade, segundo o mecanismo da mesma, nÃo alcanÃam. Para Kant, segundo a constituiÃÃo especÃfica das nossas faculdades de conhecimento, nÃo podemos julgar de outro modo a possibilidade dos seres organizados e a sua respectiva produÃÃo, senÃo na medida em que pensamos para eles uma causa que aja intencionalmente. NÃo chegamos a conhecer suficientemente os seres organizados guiados por princÃpios da natureza simplesmente mecÃnicos e, ainda menos, explicÃ-los, a partir de leis da natureza, a qual nenhuma intenÃÃo organizou. / This research has as its objective present the concept of Theology by Immanuel Kant, having as a base âThe Critic of the thinking facultyâ, emphasizing, most of all, the idea of Nature finality. In this matter, we will try to show, according to Kant, the necessity to think something in conformity to the judgment be possible; it will describe the consonant between the reason and the world. Nevertheless, accentuating the conformity purpose, it is not a necessary start of nature, but a simple regulation to the judgment phenomena; a source to submit these phenomena to rules where there is casualty law, by its own mechanism, do not attain. Kant by the specifics constitution of our knowledge faculty, we canât judge in another way the possibility of organized beings and its respective production, in the measure of our thinking to their intentional cause. We did not get to know sufficiently the organized beings guided by simple mechanics nature foundations and less, explain it from the law or nature for any organized intention.