O ácido elágico é um composto fenólico responsável por diversas atividades biológicas tais como antioxidante e/ou anticarcinogênica e está presente algumas frutas e nas nozes. As bagas, mais conhecidas como berries e a romã são as fontes mais conhecidas de ácido elágico, porém, não são alimentos usualmente consumidos na dieta brasileira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um screening em frutas e sementes em relação aos seus teores de ácido elágico e a partir do screening, selecionar uma fruta para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico durante sua maturação. Um total de 35 variedades de frutas (21 famílias botânicas) e 11 tipos de sementes (9 famílias botânicas) foram avaliadas por CLAE quanto ao teor de ácido elágico livre e total. O ácido elágico total foi quantificado após hidrólise dos elagitaninos utilizando TFA 2N a 120ºC por 90 minutos. O ácido elágico foi encontrado em 10 das 35 variedades de frutas e em 3 das 11 variedades de sementes avaliadas. Em frutas, seus teores variaram entre 0,28 e 8,5 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico livre e entre 21,5 e 311 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico total, sendo a jabuticaba, a grumixama e o cambuci (família Myrtaceae) as frutas que apresentaram os maiores teores. Entre as sementes, 3 amostras apresentaram entre 0,37 e 41 mg/100 g e entre 149 e 823 mg/100 g respectivamente de ácido elágico livre e total, sendo as nozes e a pecan (família Juglandaceae), as principais fontes. Em frutas que apresentaram ácido elágico, realizou-se ainda uma caracterização quanto aos teores de fenólicos totais, vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante. A partir destes resultados, a jabuticaba foi a fruta selecionada para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico em função dos estágios de maturação, onde se observou em todas as porções casca, polpa e semente, decréscimo nos seus teores com a maturação. / Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound present in fruis and nuts which acts as potent anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic. Berries and pomegranate are the main sources of ellagic acid, however, these fruits are not commonly consummed in the Brazilian diet. Thus, the objective of this work was screened fruits and nuts for content of ellagic acid and according to this, one fruit was selected for studing the ellagic acid content during maturation. Thirty five varieties of fruits (21 bothanical families) and eleven nut samples (9 bothanical families) were evaluated for content of ellagic acid by HPLC. Total ellagic acid content was quantified after ellagitannins hydrolysis using 2N TFA 120ºC for 90 min. Ellagic acid was detected in 10 of 35 fruits and in 3 of 11 nuts. The content of free ellagic acid in fruits varied from 0.28 to 8.5 mg/100 g (FW) and the total ellagic acid varied from 21.5 to 311 mg/100g (FW), whereas jabuticaba, grumixama and cambuci (Myrtaceae family) showed higher ellagic acid content. Among nuts, three samples showed free and total ellagic acid content ranging from 0.37 to 41 and from 149 to 823 mg/100 g (FW) respectively. Among them, walnut and pecan (Juglandaceae family) were the main sources. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content were also evaluated in fruits which contained ellagic acid. According these results, jabuticaba was selected for determine the content of ellagic acid during maturation and it was observed decreasing in all parts - skin, pulp and seed - during maturation.

O ácido elágico é um composto fenólico responsável por diversas atividades biológicas tais como antioxidante e/ou anticarcinogênica e está presente algumas frutas e nas nozes. As bagas, mais conhecidas como berries e a romã são as fontes mais conhecidas de ácido elágico, porém, não são alimentos usualmente consumidos na dieta brasileira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um screening em frutas e sementes em relação aos seus teores de ácido elágico e a partir do screening, selecionar uma fruta para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico durante sua maturação. Um total de 35 variedades de frutas (21 famílias botânicas) e 11 tipos de sementes (9 famílias botânicas) foram avaliadas por CLAE quanto ao teor de ácido elágico livre e total. O ácido elágico total foi quantificado após hidrólise dos elagitaninos utilizando TFA 2N a 120ºC por 90 minutos. O ácido elágico foi encontrado em 10 das 35 variedades de frutas e em 3 das 11 variedades de sementes avaliadas. Em frutas, seus teores variaram entre 0,28 e 8,5 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico livre e entre 21,5 e 311 mg/100 g b.u. de ácido elágico total, sendo a jabuticaba, a grumixama e o cambuci (família Myrtaceae) as frutas que apresentaram os maiores teores. Entre as sementes, 3 amostras apresentaram entre 0,37 e 41 mg/100 g e entre 149 e 823 mg/100 g respectivamente de ácido elágico livre e total, sendo as nozes e a pecan (família Juglandaceae), as principais fontes. Em frutas que apresentaram ácido elágico, realizou-se ainda uma caracterização quanto aos teores de fenólicos totais, vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante. A partir destes resultados, a jabuticaba foi a fruta selecionada para estudo dos teores de ácido elágico em função dos estágios de maturação, onde se observou em todas as porções casca, polpa e semente, decréscimo nos seus teores com a maturação. / Ellagic acid is a phenolic compound present in fruis and nuts which acts as potent anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic. Berries and pomegranate are the main sources of ellagic acid, however, these fruits are not commonly consummed in the Brazilian diet. Thus, the objective of this work was screened fruits and nuts for content of ellagic acid and according to this, one fruit was selected for studing the ellagic acid content during maturation. Thirty five varieties of fruits (21 bothanical families) and eleven nut samples (9 bothanical families) were evaluated for content of ellagic acid by HPLC. Total ellagic acid content was quantified after ellagitannins hydrolysis using 2N TFA 120ºC for 90 min. Ellagic acid was detected in 10 of 35 fruits and in 3 of 11 nuts. The content of free ellagic acid in fruits varied from 0.28 to 8.5 mg/100 g (FW) and the total ellagic acid varied from 21.5 to 311 mg/100g (FW), whereas jabuticaba, grumixama and cambuci (Myrtaceae family) showed higher ellagic acid content. Among nuts, three samples showed free and total ellagic acid content ranging from 0.37 to 41 and from 149 to 823 mg/100 g (FW) respectively. Among them, walnut and pecan (Juglandaceae family) were the main sources. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content were also evaluated in fruits which contained ellagic acid. According these results, jabuticaba was selected for determine the content of ellagic acid during maturation and it was observed decreasing in all parts - skin, pulp and seed - during maturation.

This thesis adopts a mixed-method approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis to discuss the role of women, especially female speakers and addressees, in Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica. In addition to the traditional individual mortal and divine speech roles, discourse categories such as the influence of the Muses, the presentation of female personifications, female collectives, frame and inserted speakers, and goddesses in disguise are also taken into consideration. The study shows that, despite the shared subject matter and greatly overlapping ensemble of speakers, Valerius makes significant changes in nearly all categories of female speech representation. Valerius entirely omits some of Apollonius’ female speech acts, reduces speeches from oratio recta to mere speech summaries, replaces Greek goddesses with similar, but not equivalent Roman speakers, assigns new speech roles to previously silent female characters, adds important new episodes with female speakers that do not occur in Apollonius’ epic, changes the speech contexts, the conversational behaviour and the overall characterization of speakers – in isolated individual instances as well as in more complex character portrayals. Valerius even modifies or transfers entire discourse patterns such as conversational deceit in speech and silence, or divine disguise, from one speaker group to another, usually of the opposite sex. Valerius transforms the Apollonian arrangement of a male-dominated, 'epic' first half following the invocation of Apollo and a second female, 'elegiac' half with many female speech acts and epiphanies, after a revision of the narrator’s relationship with the Muses, into a more traditional portrayal of the Muses and a much more balanced occurrence and continued influence of female speakers. The different female voices of the Argonautica, especially Juno, can continuously be heard in the Flavian epic and provide the reader with an alternative perspective on the events. Even the less prominent female speakers are part of a well-balanced and refined structural arrangement and show influences of several pre-texts, which they sometimes self-consciously address and use to their advantage. There can be no doubt that, like Apollonius, Valerius does not merely use female speech acts to characterise the male protagonists, but follows a clear structuring principle. Whereas Apollonius in accordance with his revised invocation of the Muses concentrates the female speech acts in the second half of his epic, especially the final book, Valerius links episodes and individual characterizations through same-sex and opposite-sex speaker doublets and triplets that can be ascribed to and explained by Jupiter’s declaration of the Fata. From Juno’s unofficial opening monologue to Medea’s emotional closing argument, the female voice accompanies and guides the reader through the epic. The female perspective is not the dominant view, but rather one of many perspectives (divine, mortal, female, male, old, young, servant, ruler, et al.) that complement the primary viewpoint of the poet and the male, mortal protagonists and offer an alternative interpretation.

Computed tomography is a very useful technic which allow non-invasive diagnosis in many applications for example is used with success in industry and medicine. However, manual analysis of the interesting structures can be tedious and extremely time consuming, or even impossible due its complexity. Therefore in this thesis we study and develop discrete geometry and topology algorithms suitable for use in many practical applications, especially, in the problem of automatic quantitative analysis of the human airway trees based on computed tomography images. In the first part, we define basic notions used in discrete topology and geometry then we showed that several class of discrete methods like skeletonisation algorithms, medial axes, tunnels closing algorithms and tangent estimators, are widely used in several different practical application. The second part consist of a proposition and theory of a new methods for solving particular problems. We introduced two new medial axis filtering method. The hierarchical scale medial axis which is based on previously proposed scale axis transform, however, is free of drawbacks introduced in the previously proposed method and the discrete adaptive medial axis where the filtering parameter is dynamically adapted to the local size of the object. In this part we also introduced an efficient and parameter less new tangent estimators along three-dimensional discrete curves, called 3D maximal segment tangent direction. Finally, we showed that discrete geometry and topology algorithms can be useful in the problem of quantitative analysis of the human airway trees based on computed tomography images. According to proposed in the literature design of such system we applied discrete topology and geometry algorithms to solve particular problems at each step of the quantitative analysis process. First, we propose a robust method for segmenting airway tree from CT datasets. The method is based on the tunnel closing algorithm and is used as a tool to repair, damaged by acquisition errors, CT images. We also proposed an algorithm for creation of an artificial model of the bronchial tree and we used such model to validate algorithms presented in this work. Then, we compare the quality of different algorithms using set of experiments conducted on computer phantoms and real CT dataset. We show that recently proposed methods which works in cubical complex framework, together with methods introduced in this work can overcome problems reported in the literature and can be a good basis for the further implementation of the system for automatic quantification of bronchial tree properties

In this thesis, we present novel software technology for the analysis of wireless networks, an emerging area of computer science. To address the widely acknowledged lack of formal foundations in this field, probabilistic model checking, a formal method for verification and performance analysis, is used. Contrary to test and simulation, it systematically explores the full state space and therefore allows reasoning about all possible behaviours of a system. This thesis contributes to design, modelling, and analysis of ad-hoc networks and randomised distributed coordination protocols. First, we present a new hybrid approach that effectively combines probabilistic model checking and state-of-the-art models from the simulation community in order to improve the reliability of design and analysis of wireless sensor networks and their protocols. We describe algorithms for the automated generation of models for both analysis methods and their implementation in a tool. Second, we study spatial properties of wireless sensor networks, mainly with respect to Quality of Service and energy properties. Third, we investigate the contention resolution protocol of the networking standard ZigBee. We build a generic stochastic model for this protocol and analyse Quality of Service and energy properties of it. Furthermore, we assess the applicability of different interference models. Fourth, we explore slot allocation protocols, which serve as a bandwidth allocation mechanism for ad-hoc networks. We build a generic model for this class of protocols, study real-world protocols, and optimise protocol parameters with respect to Quality of Service and energy constraints. We combine this with the novel formalisms for wireless communication and interference models, and finally we optimise local (node) and global (network) routing policies. This is the first application of probabilistic model checking both to protocols of the ZigBee standard and protocols for slot allocation.

Title of Work: Analysis of team game performance of basketball representation of the Czech Republic at the European Championship 2013 in Slovenia. Objectives of Thesis: The main goal of our work is to compare team game performances of Group C and compare the final results of the Czech Republic representation in detail with its rivals at the European Championship in 2013. Partial target is a comparison of average merits between groups of teams which made it to the second round of the tournament of the European Championship 2013 which didn't succeed. Methods of Work: The chief method of the writing was a quantitative analysis of video records of all of the games of Group C, European Championship 2013 with detailed final results of the Czech Republic and its rivals. While using the method of observation, we registered the characteristics of the games and then compared it within the participating teams. In the second part, we compared the final results of pointers of the moving teams to the qualification and teams which didn't' succeed in Group C, European Championship 2013 in Basketball. Results of Work: Based on our work, we found out that the Czech Republic Team presented itself at the European Championship 2013 with different performance in individual games. The basic element of the Czech Team was...

Syften med uppsatsen var att ta reda på hur folk som är en del av anti-vaccinationsrörelsen kommunicerar i sociala medier. Uppsatsen undersöker hur de kommunicerar i inlägg och kommentarer i en sluten grupp på Facebook. Med hjälp av ett kodschema så blev 97 inlägg analyserade och placerad i olika kategorier med olika variabler. Utifrån kodschemat blev flera tabeller skapade som visade den mest relevanta faktan. Utifrån den information, och med flera detaljerat beskriva exempel-inlägg, beskrivs den generella stämningen i gruppen och hur de talar med varandra. Resultatet blev att de kommunicerar med varandra på ett vänligt och stöttande sätt, bidrar med relevant information när det frågas efter, men med lite fientlighet visas mot de som kommer med motsatta åsikter. Gruppen var sluten, vilket innebär att bara individer som delar samma åsikter som dem är medverkande på plattformen, vilket också betyder att åsikter blir så gott som aldrig utmanade. / The purpose of this essay has been to figure out how people that are a part of the anti-vaccination movement communicate in social media. The essay explores how they communicate in posts and comments in a closed group on Facebook. With the help of a coding scheme, 97 posts became analysed and placed in different categories with different variables. A couple of tables were created from the code scheme that demonstrated the most relevant facts. From that information, and with several detailed descriptions of example posts, describes the general mode in the group and how they speak with each other. The result was that they communicate with each other in a nice and supporting way, contribute with relevant information when it was asked for, but with some hostility shown towards those who come with opposite views. The group was closed, which means that only individuals who share the same views as them are involved with the platform, which also means that opinions are almost never challenged.

This Diploma Thesis are focused on social media as a tool for journalists in Czech republic. It contains two main parts - theoretical and practical. In theoretical part, social media are described in general, and Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are described in more details. This part is focused mostly on current trends in social media usage. Theoretical part is also focused on journalist's source problematic, primarily in internet era, and on source's credibility and verifiability. These trends are more described for media field in USA and Czech republic. Theoretical part introduce the newest available studies in social media and journalism field. Practical part is aiming to verify or deny these trends through quantitative analysis of media content, focused on usage of citations from social media as a relevant source for articles. Quantitative analysis is supported with e-mail questioning amongst czech journalist, who complete a context to this issue with their opinion. The research shows that journalists in Czech republic use social media daily for their work and they are following their colleagues from USA, so they use citations from social media more carefully and they verify their sources more. The main reason is the fear of fake news spreading, which they perceive as the biggest thread for...

Os fatores condicionantes antrópicos e morfométricos são determinantes na formação do escoamento pluvial, do manejo do solo e na concentração de fluxos e detritos. No município de São Pedro (SP) é notória a ocorrência desses processos, sendo classificado, segundo o mapa de erosão do Estado de São Paulo como de alta suscetibilidade. Desta forma, a bacia do córrego Espraiado, localizada neste município, foi selecionada com objetivo de analisar a gênese e a distribuição das feições erosivas a partir da influência dos parâmetros morfométricos (curvatura, declividade e hipsometria) e antrópicos numa escala evolutiva (1962, 1972, 2000 e 2006) e também numa análise integrada e quantitativa (feições erosivas, uso do solo e parâmetros morfométricos), por meio do cálculo dos seguintes índices: Concentração de Erosão (CE) e Potencial de Erosão (PE). O primeiro índice é a razão entre o número de células em cada classe afetadas pela erosão e o número total de células na bacia, enquanto o segundo índice é a razão entre o número de células em cada classe afetadas pela erosão e o número total de células na mesma classe. Nos mapas das feições erosivas, observou-se que a partir do cenário de 1962 até 2006 a área total das feições erosivas registrou uma redução, no qual a cabeceira das drenagens revelou o setor com maior ocorrência e concentração de feições. O mapa do uso do solo revelou que o aumento do percentual de mata, da área urbana consolidada e da silvicultura, e a redução do solo exposto e da pastagem tiveram um papel determinante para a diminuição das feições erosivas, embora a classe de área urbana consolidada tenha influenciado diretamente para o surgimento de novas feições e a evolução de outras. A análise integrada mostrou que a curvatura côncava, a declividade entre 20 e 40% e as classes de solo exposto e de pastagens foram as mais suscetíveis e que estão presente principalmente nas áreas das cabeceiras de drenagens, setor que está associado a solos pouco espesso. Os índices também indicaram que mesmo as áreas com a presença de curvatura convexa ou retilínea e declividades entre 0 e 15% com baixos índices de PE mas com alterações antrópicas significativas, obtiveram aumento do potencial de ocorrência de feições erosivas, assim como, as classes de uso com baixo índice de PE quando associados aos parâmetros morfométricos de alto índice, propiciaram aumento da formação de feições erosivas. / The anthropic and morphometric factors are significant in the formation of runoff, soil management and concentration flows and debris. In the São Pedro city (SP) is recognized to exist of these processes, being classified, according to the erosion map of São Paulo state as high susceptibility. Thus, the Espraiado basin, located in this city, was selected to analyze the genesis and distribution of erosional features by the influence of morphometric parameters (curvature, slope and elevation) and anthropic in the evolutionary scale (1962, 1972, 2000 and 2006) and also an integrated and quantitative analysis (erosional features, land use and morphometric parameters), by calculating the following index: Erosion Concentration (EC) and Erosion Potential (EP). The first index is the ratio of the number of cells in each class affected by the erosion areas to the total number of cells in the basin, while the second index is the ratio of the number of cells in each class affected by the areas of erosion to the total number of cells in the same class. In the erosional features maps, we observed from 1962 to 2006 scenario, that the total area of erosional features decrease, in which the head drainages revealed the sector with the highest occurrence and concentration of features. The land use map showed that the increase of the percentages of the forest, of the urban area consolidated and the forestry, and the reduction of exposed soil and pasture were the role played on the reducing the erosive features, although the class of urban area consolidated was directly influenced in the new features and developments of the others. The integrated analysis showed that the concave curvature, the slope between 20 and 40% and the classes of exposed soil and pasture were the most susceptible and are primarily in the headwaters, a sector that is associated with very thick soils. These areas of high concentration runoff flow and debris, with fragile lithology and have a PE high, is related to the presence of curvature concave, in profile and plant, and concentrated flows, as well as high slope that increases the erosive power of the flow, factors that are associated with the erosion formation. The index also indicated that even the areas with the presence of convex or straight curvatures, slopes between 0 and 15%, with low PE but with significant anthropogenic changes, obtained an increase of the potential occurrence of erosional features, as well as classes use with low PE when associated with morphometric parameters of high, caused an increase of erosional features.

Realizamos neste trabalho a automatização da nova metodologia MHCalc, desenvolvida anteriormente em nosso laboratório, que teve como resultado o programa homônimo escrito em linguagem C para ambiente GNU/Linux, o qual avalia quantitativamente a seletividade de uma determinada proteína MHC. Esta avaliação quantitativa possibilita o estabelecimento de uma escala de preferência dos resíduos de ocorrência natural para cada uma das posições de interação da fenda de apresentação do MHC; por permutação destes resíduos, podem-se derivar regras de composição para peptídeos reconhecíveis em cada alelo estudado, inclusive na ausência de dados experimentais. A metodologia desenvolvida em nosso laboratório se baseia na avaliação da seletividade de cada bolsão independentemente, através da energia de interação do mesmo com cada aminoácido de ocorrência natural. O programa MHCalc utiliza o pacote de programas THORMM [Moret, 1998] de modelagem molecular para otimização geométrica das estruturas descritas, e tem como entrada unicamente um arquivo de coordenadas em formato POB contendo as coordenadas de um complexo MHC/peptídeo, tendo como saída uma tabela de dados contendo os resíduos de ocorrência natural em ordem de preferência para cada bolsão. Testamos o programa MHCalc para o complexo formado pela molécula HLA-DR1 (DRA DRB1 *01 01) e o peptídeo de Hemaglutinina, obtido no Brookhaven Protein Data Bank com a entrada 10LH, sendo este sistema escolhido por ser altamente estudado e com abundância de dados experimentais e teóricos para comparação de resultados. Até o presente momento obtivemos os dados referentes ao bolsão 1, os quais estão em pleno acordo com a literatura. / In this work we automated the new methodology MHCalc, developed previously in our laboratory, which resulted in the computational program with the same name, written in C language to GNU/Linux environment. The program MHCalc evaluates quantitatively the selectivity of a given MHC protein. This quantitative evaluation allows the establishment of a preference scale of the naturally occurring residues for each pocket of a MHC molecule. From such a study it may be derived composition rules to peptides recognizable in each allele studied, even in the absence of experimental data. The methodology developed in our laboratory is based on the selectivity evaluation of each pocket independently, through its interaction energy with each naturally occurring amino acid. The program MHCalc uses the molecular modeling package THORMM [Moret, 1998] to optimize the geometry of the structures described below, and needs as only entry the PDS like file with the coordinates of the MHC/peptide complex. The program finishes printing out a data file containing the naturally occurring residues in preference order for each pocket and the data used to order these residues. We tested the program MHCalc to the complex molecule HLA-DR1 (DRA DRB1 *01 01) with the Hemaglutinin peptide, obtained at the BrookHaven Prote in Data Bank (1 DLH entry). This system was chosen because it has been highly studied and so offers abundant experimental and theoretical data to compare our results. We obtained data referring to pocket 1 so far, which is in full agreement with the literature.