Violence against women (VAW) is the most prevalent human rights violation of our time, rooted in women’s unequal status in society. Aim: The present study investigated women´s awareness of preventative and protective legislation on domestic violence and women´s awareness of campaigns against VAW across the EU. Further, it explored how EU state members´ political efforts to combat VAW might affect women´s awareness. It also examined the correlation between gender equality within EU state members and women´s awareness. In addition, the relationship between socio-demographic factors and women´s awareness was examined, including possible affects correlated with states members’ political efforts. Method: A secondary data analysis was conducted with data drawn from the 2012 FRA-VAW Survey, carried out in all 28 EU member states. Results: Results indicated that women across the EU were more aware of protective legislation than preventative regarding domestic violence, and that almost 1 in 2 women were unaware of recent campaigns against VAW in their country of residence. Results indicated that defined legislation and higher levels of gender equality within EU member states were associated with higher levels of awareness among women. Results further suggested that women with socio-demographic characteristics previously associated with inter-partner violence had particularly low awareness. Conclusion: As political and legal norms are required for VAW to be perceived as a crime, an increased emphasis on clear definitions of VAW is essential. Legal definitions of VAW and awareness of legislation are undervalued key factors in societies’ attempts to fulfil the goal of total eradication of VAW.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In this study we examined 381 interactions between Donors and Fundraisers from a large research university by analyzing their Contact Reports. Specifically, we examined whether we could extract measures of fundraiser empathy through the application of a coding scheme and linguistics analysis, and whether there are differences in the reports based on donor characteristics. We found evidence that there are significant differences between how fundraisers write reports and what they include in them, based on school of graduation and type of interaction, but little difference in their treatment by donor gender. We conclude that indeed measures of empathy can be extracted from Contact Reports, but that minimum standards of reporting should be adopted by fundraising organizations in order to support using Contact Reports as qualitative evaluation tools.

Title: Analysis and comparison of gaming performace indicators for Women's basketball league in the period 2009/10 to 2018/19. Objectives: The main focus of this thesis is to compare, based on data acquired from official statistics the quantitative differences in the selected indicators of game performance for teams placed on second, sixth and tenth places in the highest women's basketball competition in the Czech Republic of 10 years the regular season (from the year 2009/10 to 2018/19). Methods: In our thesis we used secondary analysis - data were acquired from the website of the Czech Basketball Federation. Results: Have to show us differences in the performance in our selected indicators of the same places teams in individual seasons for a period of 10 years, differences in the evenness in each indicator between the teams that placed second, sixth and tenth, the summary of the average values, which we compare in each indicator for 10 years of teams placed second, sixth a tenth. Keywords: Basketball, game performance, secondary analysis, quantitative analysis, comparison.

Hyperacusis is a condition that is described by abnormal reactions to ordinary sounds, however, because of its complexity and newness, this diagnosis still lacks centralized definition and established prevalence rates. Previous research has attempted to define the condition and establish measurements. The Noise Sensitivity Scale (NSS) has been examined several times and new questionnaires have been produced, one being Umeå Hyperacusis Questionnaire (UHQ) produced by Paulin et al. (2019). The latter has not been analyzed in regards to its ability to measure hyperacusis. The current study used exposure data from Paulin et al. (2019) to compare UHQ and NSS abilities to measure the different elements of hyperacusis; the study aimed to a) compare ratings of intensity, concentration, and unpleasantness between UHQ and NSS; b) determine the validity of UHQ. The sample consisted of 64 participants and analyses conducted were linear regression, logistic regression, factor analysis and repeated measures ANOVA. The results indicate that UHQ was greater at measuring intensity, while NSS more accurately measured unpleasantness and concentration. The abilities of the former differed when time was taken in consideration and showed significance in relation to unpleasantness across the lab exposure. The studies suggest that future research should investigate and include more elements that constitute hyperacusis and attempt to increase the sample size. / Hyperacusis är ett tillstånd som karaktäriseras av onormala reaktioner på vanliga ljud, men på grund av att diagnosen är relativt ny och med komplex sjukdomsbild saknas det fortfarande en centraliserad definition och fastställd prevalens. Tidigare forskning har arbetat med att definiera konceptet och utveckla mätinstrument; Noise Sensitivity Scale (NSS) har brukats i flertalet studier och nya enkäter har skapats, bland annat Umeå Hyperacusis Questionnaire (UHQ) av Paulin et al; UHQ har inte analyserats avseende dess förmåga att tillförlitligt mäta hyperacusis. Denna studie använde exponeringsdata från Paulin et al. (2019) för att jämföra UHQ och NSS med avseende på att mäta de olika elementen i hyperacusis. Studien syftade till att a) jämföra självuppskattning av intensitet, koncentration och obehag mellan UHQ och NSS; b) fastställa validitet av UHQ. Urvalet bestod av 64 deltagare och genomförda analyser var linjär regression, logistisk regression, faktoranalys och repeated measures ANOVA. Resultaten visade att UHQ var bättre på att mäta intensitet, medan NSS var lämpligare att mäta obehag och koncentration. UHQs förmåga att mäta obehag skilde sig när tid togs i beaktande och blev då signifikant. Framtida forskning borde undersöka och inkludera fler element som utgör hyperacusis och försöka öka urvalsstorlek.

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This essay analyzes and puts research into the representation of ethnicities in successful films of the years 2001 and 2021, according to Box Office. The goal with this essay is to put additional knowledge about this subject and to shed additional light on how ethnicities are represented in films. With the increase in discussion about who gets casted in films and what ethnicity should get casted, as with the hashtag #OscarsSoWhite and #HollywoodSoWhite. The results in this study show that there is a minor increase in representation of non-white ethnicities, when comparing financially successful films from 2001 and 2021. Even if there is a minor increase, the large majority is still of white ethnicity. The analysis is using a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative analysis in its collection of data. This study is also based on previous research by Arhusen, R and Olsson, F. A study that analyzed diversity in films produced by Netflix during the year 2016 and the year 2023.

In news reports, journalists often make references to what spokespersons from public organizations have announced. While doing so, reporting verbs are not an uncommon occurrence (Li, Zhao &amp; Lou, 2023: 2). This study, analyzes reporting verbs that occur with either Greenpeace and WWF, also referred to as green organizations, or with British Petroleum and Exxon, also referred to as oil companies. Over the years, the trends of reporting verb utilization have changed, turning more colloquial than before (Mair 1998: 153). A strong indicator of this is the increase of the verb say that is also one of the most common reporting verbs in this study. It should be noted that out of 22 266 verb occurrences, the verb say peaked at 13808 (62,01 percent). The oil companies represented 47.18 percent of all the instances and the green organizations peaked at 52.82 percent. Another noteworthy finding is the difference in reporting verb usage, where urgency verbs such as call and warn were more frequently occurring with the green organizations. The RVs that occurred with oil companies, on the other hand, were more neutral discourse verbs such as report, announce and say. / <p>Examinationen ägde rum online via Zoom. </p>

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Yes / Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polysaccharide comprised of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues and its over-expression in cancer cells has been correlated with poor clinical prognosis. An assay has been developed for quantitative analysis of cellular polySia expression. This was achieved by extracting and purifying released polySia from glycoproteins by mild acid hydrolysis and optimised organic extraction. The polySia was further hydrolysed into Sia monomers, followed by fluorescent labelling and quantitative analysis. The assay was qualified utilising endoneuraminidase-NF to remove polySia from the surface of C6-ST8SiaII cancer cells (EC50 = 2.13 ng/ml). The result was comparable to that obtained in a polySia-specific cellular ELISA assay. Furthermore, the assay proved suitable for evaluation of changes in polySia expression following treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of polysialylation. Given the importance of polySia in multiple disease states, notably cancer, this is a potentially vital tool with applications in the fields of drug discovery and glycobiology.