novel ozone-assisted aerobic sludge digestion process to stabilize and decrease the amount of excess sludge produced during biological treatment is presented in this study. Excess sludge production is a well known burden for the treatment plants both legally and financially. Moreover, with the arise in the knowledge in recalcitrant compounds it is understood that it can act as a significant secondary pollutant. With the developed pulse ozonation method, waste activated sludge samples from Ankara Tatlar and other Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) were ozonated for different periods in Erlenmeyer flasks once a day on each of four consecutive days. Flasks were continuously aerated between ozone applications on an orbital shaker. The MLVSS, MLSS, COD and OUR parameters were measured routinely during the course of four days of digestion in order to optimize the process. Also pH, CST(capillary suction time) and SVI (sludge volume index) were followed. As a result MLVSS reductions of up to 95% were achieved with an ozone dose of only 0.0056 kg O3/kg-initial MLSS, at the end of the fourth day. In another experimental set, ozone dose was increased on the last day in order to destroy the selected endocrine disrupting compounds, namely diltiazem, carbamazepine, butyl benzyl phthalate and acetaminophen and two natural hormones estrone and progesterone, which accumulated onto the sludge. Over 99% removal of these contaminants were achieved on the fourth day. The analyses were conducted by using LC(ESI) MS/MS after solid phase extraction (SPE). By this process it became possible to save on contact time, as well as achieving a bio-solids digestion far exceeding the standard aerobic process at the expense of a minimum of ozone dose with the additional micropollutants removal. The developed process is deemed superior over side-stream ozonation of activated sludge in that it does not cause any reduction in active biomass amount that should be maintained in the aeration tank.

Ο βασικός στόχος της συγκεκριμένης διατριβής ήταν να εξεταστεί η δυνατότητα της τεχνικής LIBS όσον σφορά την ταχεία ποιοτική και ποσοτική ανάλυση της μεταλλουργικής σκωρίας (σε στερεή και υγρή μορφή) σε εργαστηριακή και βιομηχανική κλίμακα. Η τεχνική εφαρμόστηκε αρχικά σε καθαρά μέταλλα και έπειτα σε πρότυπα δείγματα τα οποία περιείχαν τα αντίστοιχα στοιχεία σε μήτρα CaO. Μελετήθηκαν τα χαρακτηριστικά του πλάσματος που παράγεται από παλμούς διάρκειας των τάξεων nsec και psec. Η θερμοκρασία πλάσματος και η ηλεκτρονική πυκνότητα μειώνονται παρόμοια ενώ υπολογίστηκαν ελαφρώς υψηλότερες τιμές στην περίπτωση του ns λέιζερ. Οι καμπύλες βαθμονόμησης έδειξαν πως η ευαισθησία της μεθόδου παραμένει σχεδόν η ίδια ανεξαρτήτως της διάρκειας παλμού. Τα όρια ανίχνευσης κυμάνθηκαν στην τάξη μερικών μερών του εκατομμυρίου (ppm). Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκαν οι δυνατότητες της τεχνικής για on-line ανάλυση της σκωρίας. Ο δυνατότητες της τεχνικής εξαρτώνται κυρίως από τον λόγο (κρατήρας λέιζερ, ΚΛ)/(μέγεθος σχηματιζόμενης φάσης, ΜΣΦ), οι επιφανειακές ανωμαλίες στην στερεοποιημένη σκωρία καθώς και από την κατανομή του κάθε στοιχείου στην μήτρα. Διαπιστώθηκε πως ο βαθμός ανομοιογένειας της σκωρίας δεν επιδρά σημαντικά στην ακρίβεια της μεθόδου όταν ο λόγος ΚΛ/ΜΣΦ είναι μεγάλος. Σημαντική παράμετρος αποτελεί το γεγονός εάν τα στοιχεία βρίσκονται κατανεμημένα στην μήτρα της σκωρίας ή σε κάποια κρυσταλλική φάση. Η επίδραση των επιφανειακών ανωμαλιών στην ακρίβεια της μεθόδου μειώθηκε με την θραύση και πελλετοποίηση της σκωρίας αλλά, κυρίως για τα στοιχεία τα οποία βρίσκονται κατανεμημένα στην μήτρα της σκωρίας, προτείνεται η αποφυγή της πελλετοποίησης για ανάλυση με χρήση της μεθόδου LIBS. Η ακρίβεια της τεχνικής εξαρτάται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τα πρότυπα δείγματα που θα χρησιμοποιηθούν για την κατασκευή των καμπύλων βαθμονόμησης. Οι καμπύλες βαθμονόμησης της υγρής σκωρίας εμφάνισαν ικανοποιητική γραμμική εξάρτηση μεταξύ της έντασης των γραμμών εκπομπής των στοιχείων με τις αντίστοιχες συγκεντρώσεις ενώ παρατηρήθηκε μικρή αύξηση όσον αφορά τις τιμές των εντάσεων της υγρής σκωρίας σε σχέση με αυτές της στερεάς σκωρίας κάτω από τις ίδιες πειραματικές συνθήκες. Επίσης παρατηρήθηκε μεγαλύτερη διαπλάτυνση στις γραμμές κάποιων στοιχείων στην υγρή σκωρία. Για συγκεντρώσεις >4-5% παρατηρήθηκε επίσης αύξηση στην κλίση των καμπύλων για την περίπτωση της υγρής σκωρίας. Τέλος, κάθε στοιχείο συμπεριφέρεται διαφορετικά σε σχέση με τα υπόλοιπα, από δείγμα σε δείγμα αλλά και από φάση σε φάση. / To investigate the ability of LIBS technique considering the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of metallurgic slag was the main objective of the particular thesis. Firstly, the LIBS technique applied on pure metals and then on samples containing the same metals in CaO matrix and the time-resolved characteristics of the plasmas produced by nsec and psec pulses were studied. Both the plasma temperature and electron density are decaying similarly and the space-averaged values determined in the nanosecond case are slightly higher than for the picosecond one. Moreover, the calibration curves obtained, show that the inherent sensitivity of the technique remains almost unaltered independently of the pulse duration. The detection limits were found to be few ppm. Then, the potentiality of LIBS method for quantitative on-line, multi-element slag analysis on plant scale was examined. Further, in order to examine more closely the produced slag, slag samples were analysed in the laboratory. The measurements were performed on solidified slag samples in a pelletized form and on as delivered solidified slag samples. The limits of the accuracy of this technique depend mainly on the laser spot/phase size ratio, the level of surface abnormalities and the distribution of each element in the matrix. The non-homogeneity level of the slag product seems to be not important in LIBS analysis, when the above ratio is quite large. It is of great importance whether the element is embedded in the matrix or in a specific crystallized phase. The influence of surface abnormalities is reduced in the case of pressed slag, but primarily for the elements distributed in the matrix, fragmentation of the slag should be avoided. The accuracy of LIBS quantitative slag analysis is strongly dependent on the standard samples that are used Regarding the liquid slag analysis, the calibration curves presented satisfactory linear dependence between the intensity of analytic lines with the corresponding concentrations while the intensity values of liquid slag appeared to be relatively increased with regard to the intensity values of solid slag under the same experimental conditions. Widening phenomena were characterized the lines of certain elements in liquid slag. For concentrations >4-5% an increased slope in calibration curves of liquid slag was observed. Finally, it was observed that each element behaves in a different way from sample in sample but also from phase in phase.

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Title of work: Comparison of Czech and Spanish team performance indicators in the Women's European Championship in 2017. Objectives of Thesis: The aim of the thesis is to compare indicators of the team game performance of Team Czech republic and Spanish. On the basis of this comparison will be a confrontation of both teams after the match and find differences in their game performance. Methods of work: The main method of the thesis is quantitative analysis of 8 selected video game between Team Czech republic, Spanish and their rivals. The video will be recorded by observing the characteristics of the game and then had to compare the participating teams. Results of work: The results should show probable causes of wins and losses in selected games. Key words: basketball, team game performance, quantitative analysis of the video, charakteristics, diferences, result.

This diploma thesis analyses the divorce rate in the Czech Republic after the year 1989. The first chapter is devoted to the definition of basic terms. Divorce is the legal dissolution of marriage during the life of spouses. Divorce is the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law. Divorce is a social phenomenon reflecting the family stability, there is a transformation of traditional behavioural patterns, moral criteria and economic incentives. Since 1989 till present the divorce rate in the Czech Republic is at a high level. The second chapter of the theoretical part evaluates the development and current situation of divorce rate in our country. It is divided into three subsections: Influencing factors of divorce, causes of divorce and divorce rates in Europe. The aim of this diploma thesis is the evaluation of the development of causes of the divorce in the Czech population, capturing the specifics of the development of divorce in the new socio - economic conditions after 1989. With regard to the objective of the diploma thesis I set three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Compared with other EU countries in the Czech Republic the divorce rate persists at a high level after 1989. Hypothesis 2: The divorce rate varies by region in the Czech Republic. It is the highest in regions undergoing restructuring of the economy, with high unemployment rate and social problems. Hypothesis 3: The divorce rate is high in big cities and on the contrary low in traditional, predominantly, rural regions with a stable population. I conducted a quantitative research in the form of data analysis. The main source of the data was the Czech Statistical Office and Eurostat. I have analysed and compared the data which reveal the divorce rate in the Czech Republic and the EU in 2011 and the development of divorce from the year 1989. The data were analysed by correlation and spatial analysis and to compare the data I used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results show that the divorce rate in the Czech Republic in comparison with other EU countries after 1989 remains at a high level. Crude divorce rate since 1989 is around 3.0 divorces per 1000 inhabitants, which represents one of the highest divorce rates among EU countries. The divorce rate in the Czech Republic was one of the few demographic processes that were the least affected by the economic and social transformations after 1989. According to the results of the data analysis for the year 2011 I have verified, that the divorce rate in the Czech Republic is territorially differentiated, varies in different regions, cities and rural areas. High crude divorce rate is in districts undergoing restructuring of the economy and as a result there is a high rate of unemployment and social problems are emerging. The highest divorce rate in 2011 was in Česká Lípa. Conversely, the lowest crude divorce rate is the less populated districts, with a stable population and a high proportion of religious people. In 2011, the lowest crude divorce rate was in the district of Jihlava. Religion had the most statistically significant effect on the divorce rate. In districts with a higher proportion of religious people the crude divorce rate is lower than in districts with a lower proportion of religious people.

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Submitted by Debora Afonso (de_afonso@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-15T00:31:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final debora afonso.pdf: 1513903 bytes, checksum: af804cbab05a757c4cba0eb7c05a6d14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Telma Jaqueline Dias Silveira null (telmasbl@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-05-15T13:49:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 afonso_d_me_mar.pdf: 1513903 bytes, checksum: af804cbab05a757c4cba0eb7c05a6d14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T13:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 afonso_d_me_mar.pdf: 1513903 bytes, checksum: af804cbab05a757c4cba0eb7c05a6d14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Introdução: A disfagia orofaríngea na criança e adolescente com acometimento neurológico (CAAN) é um sintoma frequente que pode ocasionar desnutrição e complicações pulmonares. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve por objetivo comparar o tempo de trânsito oral total (TTOT) em CAAN com e sem indicação de gastrostomia e correlacionar com o estado nutricional. Método: Foram analisados 64 exames de videofluoroscopia de deglutição do período de 2012 a 2017 de CAAN com disfagia orofaríngea. Destes, foram incluídos os 29 exames com 30 frames e qualidade de imagem adequada, independente do gênero ou faixa etária, com Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS) que variou de I a IV em 13 indivíduos e os demais com GMFCS desconhecido. Foram constituídos dois grupos. O grupo 1 (G1) foi composto de CAAN com indicação de gastrostomia por equipe interdisciplinar e o grupo 2 (G2) chamado de grupo controle foi composto de CAAN que não receberam a indicação de gastrostomia pela mesma equipe. Realizada análise quantitativa do TTOT com software específico nas consistências pastosa e líquida, no volume de 5 ml na colher e fluxo contínuo habitual de líquido na mamadeira. Realizado teste de confiabilidade entre julgadores por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. Foi avaliado o estado nutricional por meio da classificação de z-score. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de MannWhitney e o Teste de Spearman. Resultado: Constatou-se TTOT mais longo com diferença estatística significante no G1 (p=0,029), nas consistências pastosa (4.124,54ms) e líquida (5.348,50ms) quando ofertado na colher, do que no G2 (p=0,058), respectivamente, (1.998,30ms) e (640,42ms). Não houve correlação entre TTOT e z-score nos grupos, sendo os valores de correlação para o G1 -0,254 (p=0,451) na consistência pastosa, -0,211 (p=0,789) na consistência líquida na colher e 0,144 (p=0,758) na consistência líquida na mamadeira. Já para o G2 foram encontrados os valores de correlação -0,248 (p=0,520) na consistência pastosa, 0,527 (p=0,361) na consistência líquida na colher e -0,064 (p=0,881) na consistência líquida na mamadeira. Conclusão: O tempo de trânsito oral total na consistência pastosa em crianças e adolescentes com acometimento neurológico com indicação de gastrostomia foi mais longo do que em crianças e adolescentes com acometimento neurológico que não tinham indicação de gastrostomia. Não houve correlação entre o TTOT e o estado nutricional em ambos os grupos. / Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia in children and teenager with neurological impairment (CTNI) is a frequent symptom that can lead to malnutrition and pulmonary complications. Purpose: This study aimed to compare total oral transit time (TOTT) in CTNI with and without indication of gastrostomy and to correlate with nutritional status. Method: We analyzed 64 swallowing videofluoroscopy exams of the CTNI with oropharyngeal dysphagia from 2012 to 2017. Of these, 29 were included with 30 frames, regardless of gender or age group, with GMFCS, which ranged from I to IV in 13 individuals and the others with unknown GMFCS. Two groups were composed. Group 1 (G1) was included of CTNI with indication of gastrostomy by interdisciplinary team and control group 2 (G2) was included of CTNI who did not receive an indication of gastrostomy by the same team. The TOTT was analyzed by of specific software using paste and liquid consistency, in the 5 ml volume in the spoon and habitual continuos flow of liquid in the bottle. A reliability test was performed among the judges using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Nutritional status was assessed by z-score classification. For statistical analysis were used the Mann Whitney test and the Spearman test. Results: A longer TOTT was observed with a significant statistical difference in G1 (p = 0.029), paste consistency (4.124.54ms) and liquid (5.348,50ms) when offered in the spoon, than in G2 (p = 0.058), respectively, (1.998.30ms) and (640.42ms). There was no correlation between TTOT and z-score in the groups, and the correlation values for G1 -0.254 (p = 0.451) in the paste consistency, -0.211 (p = 0.789) in the liquid consistency in the spoon and 0.144 (p = 0.758) in the liquid consistency in the bottle. For G2, correlation values were found -0.248 (p = 0.520) in the paste consistency, 0.527 (p = 0.361) in the liquid consistency in the spoon and -0.064 (p = 0.881) in the liquid consistency in the bottle. Conclusion: The total oral transit time in paste consistency in children and teenager with neurological impairment with indication of gastrostomy was longer than in children and teenager with neurological impairment who had no indication of gastrostomy. There was no correlation between TOTT and nutritional status in both groups.

Orientador: Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado / Banca: Marcos Antonio Segatto / Banca: Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani / Banca: Maria Virgínia Costa Scarpa / Banca: Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna / Resumo: A cefoxitina sódica (CAS 33564-30-6), antimicrobiano cefalosporínico, apresenta espectro de atividade contra microrganismos Gram-negativos mais amplo que as cefalosporinas mais antigas. Também é eficaz contra Proteus e Serratia indol-positivos, mostrando alta resistência à hidrólise por b-lactamases. Indicada no tratamento de peritonites e outras infecções intra-abdominais e intrapélvicas; sinusites, infecções ginecológicas, septicemias; endocardites; infecções do trato urinário, gonorréia não complicada, infecções do trato respiratório, ossos, articulações e pele. Apesar de este fármaco ser altamente estudado e pesquisado no que concerne à atividade antimicrobiana, farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica, há poucos estudos na literatura em relação ao desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para esta cefalosporina. Desta forma, pesquisas envolvendo métodos analíticos são de fundamental importância e altamente relevantes para otimizar sua análise na indústria farmacêutica e farmpacia magistral de modo a garantir a qualidade do produto já comercializado. A proposta deste projeto foi desenvolver metodologias de análise para a cefoxitina sódica, fármaco comercializado no mercado médico-farmacêutico brasileiro. Foram desenvolvidos e validados métodos por CLAE com detector UV a 235 nm, com acetonitrila: água: ácido acético 5 M (22 : 78 : 1) como fase móvel e faixa de concentração de 20,0 à 30,0 μg/mL, tempo de retenção de 7,5 minutos. O coeficiente de correlação obtido foi de 0,9995 e a equação da reta y = 335,67x + 2391,9. O teste recuperação média obtido foi de 100,50%, com desvio padrão de 1,70%. O teor médio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sodium cefatoxin (CAS 33564-30-6), a cephalosporinic antibiotic, has a wider spectrum of activity against Gram-negative microrganisms than older cephalosporin. It is also efficient against the indol-positive Proteus and Serratia and has a high resistance to b- lactamases hydrolysis. Sodium cefatoxin is recommended for the treatment of peritonitis and other intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic infections; sinusitis, gynecological infections, septicemy, endocarditis; urinary tract infections, non-complicated gonorrhea, respiratory tract infections, bones, articulations and skin. Although this drug has been strongly studied and many researches have been developed about its antibiotics activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, there are few studies in the literature about the development of analytical methodology to this cephalosporin. Researches dealing with analytical methods are extremely important and highly relevant to optimize its analysis at the pharmaceutical industry and manipulation pharmacy, guaranteeing quality of the commercialized product. This project proposes the development of methodologies for analysis of sodium cefatoxin, a commercialized drug at the medical-pharmaceutical Brazilian market. Methods for CLAE with UV detector at 235nm were developed and validated with acetonitrile: water: acetic acid 5M (22: 78:1) as mobile phase and concentration range of 20.0 to 30.0 μg/mL, detention time of 7.5 minutes. The correlation coefficient obtained was 0.9995 and the line equation y = 335.67x + 2391.9. The medium recovery test was 100.50% with standard deviation of 1.70%. The medium content of sodium cefoxitin determined by CLAE... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Este trabalho foi conduzido na área abrangida pelo campus Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo, no município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo. Teve como objetivos, determinar a composição do gênero Anastrepha Schiner, sua distribuição e a análise quantitativa da população. Além disso, verificou-se a relação da flutuação populacional com variáveis bióticas e abióticas e a associação das espécies de plantas hospedeiras, estabelecidas na área, com as espécies de Anastrepha.Foram examinadas 23.263 fêmeas de Anastrepha coletadas em armadilhas McPhail e 18 espécies pertencentes a 9 grupos infragenéricos foram assinaladas. A distribuição das fêmeas por armadilha foi fortemente agregada, com 5 armadilhas (6%) capturando 50% do total de fêmeas. Apenas A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) e A. obliqua (Macquart) foram dominantes. A. fraterculus foi a espécie mais freqüente, representando 80,2% do total de fêmeas capturadas no campus e a mais constante ocorrendo em 98,04% das amostras. Em ordem decrescente de freqüência, seguiram-se A. obliqua (12,6%), A. pseudoparallela (Loew) (3,1%) e A. bistrigata Bezzi (2,1%). As demais espécies apresentaram freqüência menor que 1%. O valor elevado do índice de Simpson (0,66) e os valores baixos do índice de Shannon (0,7521) e de eqüitatividade (0,459) resultaram da alta freqüência de A. fraterculus. Um aumento no nível populacional das espécies de Anastrepha ocorreu de agosto a novembro com um pico máximo em setembro. A disponibilidade de frutos hospedeiros foi mais determinante na variação do tamanho da população das espécies mais abundantes de Anastrepha que as variáveis climáticas. Um total de 565 amostras de frutos pertencentes a 11 famílias e, pelo menos, 25 espécies botânicas foi coletado em 47 estações de capturas. Foram identificadas 10.290 fêmeas e das 18 espécies de Anastrepha capturadas em armadilhas somente 6 emergiram das amostras de frutos: A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. serpentina (Wiedemann) e A. sororcula Zucchi. A. fraterculus foi a espécie que infestou maior diversidade de frutos. Os hospedeiros preferidos de A. obliqua foram as espécies da família Anacardiaceae. A. pseudoparallela e A. serpentina infestaram exclusivamente Passifloraceae e Sapotaceae, respectivamente. Uma nova associação de mosca-das-frutas com planta hospedeira foi constatada: A. fraterculus em Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (coquinho). Foi reportado o primeiro registro da associação de A. fraterculus em Manilkara zapota L. (sapoti) no Brasil. / This study was conducted in the Luiz de Queiroz campus of the Universidade de São Paulo, in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. The aim of this study was to determine the number of species in the genus Anastrepha Schiner on campus, their distribution and the quantitative analysis of the population. Moreover, this study correlated populational fluctuations with biotic and abiotic factors as well as the association between host plant species and the Anastrepha species in that area. A total of 23,263 females of Anastrepha collected in MacPhail traps was examined, and 18 species belonging to nine infrageneric groups were registered. The distribution of females per trap was strongly clustered, with 5 traps (6%) capturing 50% of the total of females. Only A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) and A. obliqua (Macquart) were considered dominant species. A. fraterculus was by far the most frequent species, representing 80.2% of the total of females captured on campus, and the most constant, occurring in 98.04% of the analyzed samples. In decreasing order of frequency, A. obliqua (12.6%), A. pseudoparallela (Loew) (3.1%), and A. bistrigata Bezzi (2.1%) comprised the other major species. The remaining species showed frequency lower than 1%. The high value of the Simpson’s index (0.66) as wel as the low values of Shannon’s index (0.7521) and the equitability index (0.459) resulted from the high frequency of A. fraterculus. The populational level of Anastrepha increased from August to November with the highest peak in September. The availability of host fruit, more than climatic parameters determined most of the variation of population size in the most abundant species of Anastrepha. A total of 565 fruit samples representing at least 25 plant species from 11 families was collected in 47 capture sites. 10,290 females were identified. Of the 18 Anastrepha species captured in traps, only 6 also emerged from fruit samples: A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. serpentina (Wiedemann) e A. sororcula Zucchi. A. fraterculus infested the greatest diversity of hosts. The preferred hosts of A. obliqua were plant species in the family Anacardiaceae. A. pseudoparallela and A. serpentina infested only species in the families Passifloraceae and Sapotaceae, respectively. A new fruit fly and host plant association was registered: A. fraterculus with Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (queen palm). The association of A. fraterculus with Manilkara zapota L. (sapodilla) was reported here for the first time in Brazil.

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