Pesquisas recentes vêm encontrando que alunos negros têm pior desempenho escolar que alunos brancos em testes cognitivos padronizados. A segregação racial é freqüentemente apontada na literatura internacional como uma das principais responsáveis por essa diferença. Nessa dissertação, foi analisado o efeito da segregação racial escolar no diferencial de proficiência escolar entre alunos brancos e negros do ensino fundamental brasileiro. Nos modelos estimados, mesmo após a utilização de diversos controles, foi encontrada evidência de que onde há maior segregação, os negros tem pior desempenho relativamente aos brancos. / Recent research have found that black students have worse schoolar performance than white students in standardized cognitive tests. Racial segregation is frequently pointed out as one of the main factors behind this scenario in international literature. We have studied the effects of racial seggregation on the black-white grade gap in Brazil. In the estimated models, even after the inclusion of several control variables, we have found that where the racial seggregation is higher, the grade differential is higher against black students.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem por tema a espacialidade da cidade como uma política de segregação pública que engendra a política de segurança pública. Para tanto, pretende-se compreender de que forma a produção do espaço social e da cidade está intimamente relacionada ao modelo econômico adotado e como as tensões entre grupos sociais etnograficamente diferentes se reproduzem no espaço geográfico e na cidade. Assim, a presente dissertação se subdivide em: (a) compreensão da cidade como espaço de disputa; (b) compreensão da cidade como uma reprodução do capitalismo global; (c) as políticas de (re)planejamento urbano, visando o mercado mundial de cidades, que culminam em reproduções de segregações baseadas em classe e raça; (d) a análise do Rio de Janeiro como cidade global e o (re)planejamento urbano ocorrido em vista dos megaeventos, em conjunto com a segregação do Rio de Janeiro; (e) a análise da necroespacialidade que culmina na necropolítica da Segurança Pública. / [en] This dissertation has as its theme the spatiality of the city as a public segregation policy that engenders public security policy. Therefore, we intend to understan how the production of social space and the city is closely related to the economic model adopted and how the tensions between ethnographically diferente social groups are reproduced in the geographical space and in the city. Thus, this dissertation is subdivides into: (a) understanding of the city as a space of dispute; (b) understanding of the city as a reproduction of global capitalismo; (c) urban (re)planning policies, targeting the world city Market, which culminates i the reproduction of segregations based on class and race; (d) the analysis of Rio de Janeiro as a global city and the urban (re)planning that took place in view of the megaeven, together with the segregation of Rio de Janeiro; (e) the analysis of necrospace that culminates in the necropolitics of Public Security.

[pt] Essa dissertação tem como objetivo compreender a forma que o estigma do lugar e o racismo impactam a vida dos moradores do conjunto habitacional Bairro São Sebastião, construído pela organização católica Cruzada São Sebastião no bairro do Leblon no ano de 1955. As políticas remocionistas de favelas da Zona Sul dos anos 1960/1970 resultaram em um processo de segregação sócio-racial no espaço urbano carioca, já que os moradores dessas favelas, de maioria negra, foram removidos para bairros distantes da capital. No entanto, a experiência singular e pioneira do conjunto habitacional estudado recebeu parte dos moradores da antiga favela da Praia do Pinto, que se localizava ao lado do conjunto. Hoje, a Cruzada São Sebastião, como é comumente conhecido o conjunto habitacional, é ainda um local composto majoritariamente por pessoas negras em um dos bairros mais embranquecidos da cidade e com um dos metros quadrados mais caros do país. Através de entrevistas com os moradores e levantamento documental de reportagens de jornais foi possível obter dados relevantes sobre como o racismo impacta os moradores da Cruzada São Sebastião, assim como eles se organizam para fazer frente às formas de preconceitos que lhes são impostos. / [en] This dissertation aims to understand how the stigma of place and racism impact the lives of residents of the Bairro São Sebastião housing complex, built by the Catholic organization Cruzada São Sebastião in the Leblon neighborhood in 1955. The policies of favela removal in the South Zone in the 1960s and 1970s resulted in a process of social-racial segregation in the urban space of Rio de Janeiro, since the residents of these favelas, who were mostly black, were removed to distant neighborhoods in the capital. However, the unique and pioneering experience of the housing complex under study received part of the residents of the former Praia do Pinto slum, which was located next to the complex. Today, the housing complex is commonly known as Cruzada São Sebastião and still is a place composed mostly of black people in one of the most whitened neighborhoods in the city and with one of the most expensive square meters in the country. Through interviews with the residents and documentary research of newspaper reports it was possible to obtain relevant data on how racism impacts the residents of Cruzada São Sebastião, as well as how they organize themselves to face the forms of prejudice imposed on them.

This research is an ethnography which investigates the effects of Hurricane Katrina upon the capacity of African American Protestant churches in New Orleans to provide spiritual and social ministry to the city's underprivileged. More than three years after Hurricane Katrina unleashed its fury upon the city, fifty per cent of the churches remain as the hurricane left them. Pre-Katrina, fifty per cent of the population lived at or below the poverty line and depended upon faith-based programs as part of their support network and ladder toward selfsufficiency. Because of the disaster, there was substantive loss of parishioners, financial resources, and program operational infrastructure that severely limited or destroyed faith-based capacity to serve. The purpose of the study is to examine what social vulnerabilities and barriers hinder churches' capacity to serve community needs in four particular areas, including providing and advocating for affordable housing, quality health care, strategies for eliminating poverty, and disaster evacuation education, preparedness and response. The researcher hypothesizes that structural and institutional racism were already undermining that capacity pre-Katrina and continues to hinder it more than three years since. The study investigates the veracity of this hypothesis. It attempts to offer strategies to help mitigate the social vulnerabilities and increase the community's resiliency and sustainability against future disasters. This research is important because it provides increased awareness and understanding of how pre-existing social vulnerabilities in combination with Hurricane Katrina contributed to the lingering diminished capacity of the church and community. It also provides insight into how the faith community's attitude and action toward handling its vulnerabilities lead to increased resiliency and sustainability, and suggest a course of action toward the alleviation of marginalization of both the faith institutions and the people they serve.

Esse trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar o fenômeno da discriminação racial presente no ambiente escolar, para que assim, pudéssemos compreender como as práticas educativas reforçam ou não, esse processo. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa na modalidade história de vida, como instrumento de coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados dez jovens negros que freqüentaram em suas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental uma mesma escola pública situada em um conjunto habitacional popular de Ribeirão Preto. Nessas entrevistas eles relataram as vivências de discriminação racial ocorridas durante sua trajetória escolar. Os resultados obtidos apontaram a maneira como a discriminação racial, enquanto um fenômeno social se manifesta no interior da escolar. Procuramos identificar, a partir da representação dos próprios jovens participantes, como as práticas racistas presentes no cotidiano escolar impactaram as relações interpessoais entre estes e os demais estudantes. A ausência de ações pedagógicas planejadas pela escola como forma de mediar os conflitos raciais também foi alvo de problematização de nossa pesquisa. / This research job has as objective the racial segregation phenomenon present in school ambient in order to understand if the educational practices reinforce this process. It was chosen a qualitative boarding considering their lives history as data collection. It was interviewed ten young black people who attended the same public school on their first classes of the fundamental teaching, placed in a popular condominium in Ribeirão Preto. On these interviews they mentioned their racial segregation experiences occurred during their school path. The achieved results indicate the manner how the racial segregation, as a social phenomenon is manifested in the interior of the school. We tried to identify, from the representation of the own participant young people, how the racist practices present on the school quotidian caused impact on the interpersonal relationship between them and the other students. The absence of pedagogical actions planed by the school as a manner of mediate the racial conflicts was also the target of our research.

Esse trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar o fenômeno da discriminação racial presente no ambiente escolar, para que assim, pudéssemos compreender como as práticas educativas reforçam ou não, esse processo. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa na modalidade história de vida, como instrumento de coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados dez jovens negros que freqüentaram em suas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental uma mesma escola pública situada em um conjunto habitacional popular de Ribeirão Preto. Nessas entrevistas eles relataram as vivências de discriminação racial ocorridas durante sua trajetória escolar. Os resultados obtidos apontaram a maneira como a discriminação racial, enquanto um fenômeno social se manifesta no interior da escolar. Procuramos identificar, a partir da representação dos próprios jovens participantes, como as práticas racistas presentes no cotidiano escolar impactaram as relações interpessoais entre estes e os demais estudantes. A ausência de ações pedagógicas planejadas pela escola como forma de mediar os conflitos raciais também foi alvo de problematização de nossa pesquisa. / This research job has as objective the racial segregation phenomenon present in school ambient in order to understand if the educational practices reinforce this process. It was chosen a qualitative boarding considering their lives history as data collection. It was interviewed ten young black people who attended the same public school on their first classes of the fundamental teaching, placed in a popular condominium in Ribeirão Preto. On these interviews they mentioned their racial segregation experiences occurred during their school path. The achieved results indicate the manner how the racial segregation, as a social phenomenon is manifested in the interior of the school. We tried to identify, from the representation of the own participant young people, how the racist practices present on the school quotidian caused impact on the interpersonal relationship between them and the other students. The absence of pedagogical actions planed by the school as a manner of mediate the racial conflicts was also the target of our research.

This study evaluated the relative association of socioeconomic, minority group and housing characteristics of census tracts with the racial composition of residential areas within one southwestern city between 1950 and 1980. The unit of analysis was the census tract; the data were taken from the U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1950-1980 for the Fort Worth, Texas SMSAs. The Index of Dissimilarity compared racial segregation in the Fort Worth urbanized area for blacks with all others (1950-1980) and for Spanish and non-black minorities with all others (1960-1980). The data show little change in the extent of residential segregation over 30 years. The multiple regression showed that the degree of segregation in census tracts became increasingly predictable based on past minority concentration in the same neighborhood. Lagged social status and minority group variables significantly predicted the percent of the population that was black or Spanish in census tracts ten years later. Beta weights for percent black or percent Spanish were always the strongest in each tract regression and largely determined the level of segregation that existed in tracts ten years later. This paper asserts that social status characteristics must approach more equal levels between minority and majority groups before integrated neighborhoods can reasonably be expected. Yet many of these variables are still highly associated with black and Spanish areas. Rising income and improved housing in black census tracts give some basis for believing that in time these variables will narrow sufficiently to give more choice in residential housing. Although Spanish tracts are only about 65% as segregated as black census tracts and although the association of the variables with Spanish residential areas are never as strong as with black census tracts, still, with increased Spanish immigration in recent years and the downward trend found in social status factors within areas of Spanish concentration, Spanish residential areas may face increasing risks of greater segregation. It is recommended that emphasis on educational attainment and occupational training be continued, possibly augmented with civic programs designed to facilitate movement away from dynamic clustering.

Abstract: From Harlem to Central Asia: Langston Hughes exploration of Class, Race and Gender under the Soviet Union. This essay explores Langston Hughes journey to Soviet Central Asia, where he aimed to gain insights into the lives of people of “color” under the Soviet Union. Focusing on a book by Hughes this essay analyzes his portrayal of both colonial and post-revolutionary Central Asia.Through the lens of postcolonial theory and an intersectional approach, the study draws connections between African American and Central Asian societies during times of transition. It delves into the intricate dynamics of ethnicity, class, gender, and politics that surface in Hughes depiction of the region. Ultimately, the study seeks to deepen our understanding of the complex intersections between race, gender, ethnicity, and politics in Central Asia during and pre the Soviet era, while highlighting the long-term effects of colonialism on post-slavery African American society and post-colonial Central Asia.

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation selon le type de famille. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles mariées, des familles en union libre, des familles monoparentales à chef féminin et de celles à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d'autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les données du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d'abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale "brute", puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l'effet "net" du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence et sur la distance qui sépare ce quartier du centre-ville. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une interaction importante entre l'appartenance ethnoculturelle, le revenu familial et le type de famille ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l'hétérogénéité interne des types de famille. / The main topic of this text is a narrowly defined form of demographic segregation: segregation by family type. However, since the spatial distribution of married, cohabiting, lone-mother, or lone-father families does not depend solely on their structure, we must also consider other aspects of their identity, including their socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. The combination of these factors produces a cross-segregation that we investigate using 2006 census data for the Montreal metropolitan area. We first use segregation indices to highlight a "raw" family type segregation and we then use locational attainment models to determine its "net" effect on the median household income of the neighborhood and on the distance between the neighborhood and the city core. We find a significant interaction between ethnicity, family income and family type which leads us to put in perspective the findings of studies that do not take into account the internal heterogeneity of family types.

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation selon le type de famille. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles mariées, des familles en union libre, des familles monoparentales à chef féminin et de celles à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d'autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les données du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d'abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale "brute", puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l'effet "net" du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence et sur la distance qui sépare ce quartier du centre-ville. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une interaction importante entre l'appartenance ethnoculturelle, le revenu familial et le type de famille ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l'hétérogénéité interne des types de famille. / The main topic of this text is a narrowly defined form of demographic segregation: segregation by family type. However, since the spatial distribution of married, cohabiting, lone-mother, or lone-father families does not depend solely on their structure, we must also consider other aspects of their identity, including their socio-economic and ethno-cultural characteristics. The combination of these factors produces a cross-segregation that we investigate using 2006 census data for the Montreal metropolitan area. We first use segregation indices to highlight a "raw" family type segregation and we then use locational attainment models to determine its "net" effect on the median household income of the neighborhood and on the distance between the neighborhood and the city core. We find a significant interaction between ethnicity, family income and family type which leads us to put in perspective the findings of studies that do not take into account the internal heterogeneity of family types.