This thesis analyzes elements which contribute to the construction of the artistic identity of the Acadian rap artist Jacobus. Nowadays, many artists perform on the local and international stages from musical, social or linguistic margins. Their success is due to the democratization of production and music broadcasting tools. As this phenomenon becomes more and more common and popular, “marginal” artists and their communities blur the lines between the mainstream and the underground, by the means of performing in their vernacular and promoting these authentic language practices. Jacobus sings in Acadjonne, a variety of Acadian French spoken in la Baie Sainte-Marie, Nova Scotia. By singing in his vernacular, consciously or not, he claims his Acadian identity, as other artists do so with Chiac, another variety of Acadian French (for example, Lisa LeBlanc and Les Hay Babies). Jacobus, as other artists, claims and proclaims his Acadian identity while promoting his vernacular, which has provoked controversial discussions in the media. Through his songs, the artist destroys the stereotypes of rap music. At the same time, he transgresses the linguistics norms by choosing the linguistic minority over the proper, standard French. In this thesis, I analyze the songs from Jacobus’ two solo albums and various aspects of his songs that contribute to the construction of a “marginalized” and authentic artistic identity. This research shows that the artist’s linguistic practices and the fact that he brings the Acadjonne variety on the Québécois, Canadian or even global stages, contribute to the construction of his authentic identity, but also to the spreading of local varieties of French language, which goes against the linguistic imperialism of the ideology of the standard. This linguistic behaviour enhances the actual societal conversation about inclusion and diversity in Canada. / Graduate

Il est important d'évaluer régulièrement les produits de l'innovation technologique afin d'estimer le niveau de maturité atteint par les technologies et d'étudier les cadres applicatifs dans lesquels elles pourront être exploitées. Le traitement automatique des langues (TAL) relève à la fois de la recherche et de l'innovation technologique et a pour but la modélisation et le développement d'outils permettant de traiter automatiquement le langage naturel. Pendant longtemps, les différentes briques technologiques issues du TAL étaient développées séparément. Par conséquent, les méthodes d'évaluation existantes sont dans la plupart modulaires et ne permettent d'évaluer qu'un seul module à la fois, alors qu'aujourd'hui nombreuses applications nécessitent de combiner plusieurs modules de TAL pour résoudre des tâches complexes. Le nouveau défi en terme d'évaluation est alors de pouvoir évaluer les différents modules (ou briques) tout en prenant en compte le contexte applicatif.Notre travail porte sur l'évaluation des systèmes de reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP) en contexte applicatif, en particulier, celui de la reconnaissance d'entités nommées (REN).En première partie, nous abordons la problématique de l'évaluation des systèmes de RAP en contexte applicatif à travers une étude de l'état de l'art. Nous y décrivons les tâche de RAP et de REN proposées dans les campagnes d'évaluation ainsi que les protocoles mis en place pour leurs évaluation. Nous y discutons également les limites des approches d'évaluations modulaires et nous y exposons les mesures alternatives proposées dans la littératures. En deuxième partie, nous décrivons la tâche de détection, classification et décomposition d'entités nommées étudiée et nous proposons une nouvelle métriques ETER (Entity Tree Error Rate) permettant de prendre en compte les spécificité de cette tâche et le contexte applicatif lors de l'évaluation. ETER permet également de supprimer les biais observés avec les métriques existantes. En troisième partie, nous définissons une nouvelle mesure ATENE (Automatic Transcriptions Evaluation for Named Entities) qui permet d'évaluer la qualité des systèmes de RAP et l'impact de leurs erreurs pour des systèmes de REN appliqués en aval. ATENE consiste à comparer les probabilités de présence d'entités sur les transcriptions de référence et d'hypothèse plutôt qu'une comparaison directe des graphèmes. Elle est composée de deux mesures élémentaires. Une première permettant l'évaluation de risque d'erreur d'omission et de substitution d'entités et une seconde permettant d'évaluer le risque d'erreur d'insertion d'entités causé par les erreurs de RAP.Nos expériences de validation montrent que les mesures données par ATENE corrèlent mieux que les autres mesures de l'état de l'art avec les performances des systèmes de REN. / It is important to regularly assess the technological innovation products in order to estimate the level of maturity reached by the technology and study the applications frameworks in which they can be used. Natural language processing (NLP) aims at developing modules and applications that automatically process the human language. That makes the field relevant to beth research and technological innovation. For years, the different technological modules from the NLP were developed separately. Therefore, the existing evaluation methods are in most modular. They allow to evaluate only one module at a time, while today, many applications need to combine several NLP modules to solve complex tasks. The new challenge in terms of evaluation is then to evaluate the different modules while taking into account the applicative context.Our work addresses the evaluation of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems according to the applicative context. We will focus on the case of Named Entities Recognition (NER) from spoken documents transcriped automatically. In the first part, we address the issue of evaluating ASR systems according to the application context through a study of the state of the art. We describes the tasks of ASR and NER proposed during several evalution campaigns and we discuss the protocols established for their evaluation. We also point the limitations of modular evaluation approaches and we expose the alternatives measures proposed in the literature. In the second part we describe the studied task of named entities detection, classification and decomposition and we propose a new metric ETER (Entity Tree Error Rate) which allows to take into account the specificity of the task and the applicative context during the evaluation. ETER also eliminates the biases observed with the existing metrics. In the third part, we define a new measure ATENE (Automatic Transcriptions Evaluation for Named Entities) that evaluates the quality of ASR systems and the impact of their errors for REN systems applied downstream. Rather than directly comparing reference and hypothesis transcriptions, ATENE measure how harder it becames to identify entities given the differences between hypothesis and reference by comparing an estimated likelihood of presence of entities. It is composed of two elementary measurements. The first aims to assess the risk of entities deletions and substitutions and the second aims to assess the risk of entities insertions caused by ASR errors.Our validation experiments show that the measurements given by ATENE correlate better than other measures from the state of the art with the performance of REN systems.

This qualitative, multi-case study examined the process of lyric creation and nontraditional modes of communication (using themes from hip-hop and battle rap) as a mechanism for developing a teaching and learning strategy in STEM education. This manuscript style dissertation, examines the experiences of 24 postsecondary students and five battle rappers who created science-themed lyrics, used them as a learning strategy, and delivered content in a college and community setting. Insights into teaching and learning were revealed through the study of these lyrics from a constructivist and intellectual warrior theoretical framework. This research showed that as a result of utilizing battle rap, learning spaces were improved. Students’ interviews, lyrics, and reflections uncovered that they appreciated the opportunity to be more creative in class were more engaged, communicated and networked more than they did in their traditional science classroom. The battle rappers discussed and displayed the characteristics that allow them to engage audiences in hopes that teachers can learn how to incorporate engaging techniques within their own classrooms. Through interviews and a performance, battle rappers’ attempt to keep students engaged revealed their transparency; ability to freestyle; get hyped; and demonstrate charisma, presence, character, and energy. This information helped to explain, describe, and understand the experiences of both students and battle rappers and their potential relationships to science and the community. This work supports arguments for the use of culture (art/music/experiences) through music in the science classroom.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The use of foamed asphalt as a technique that incorporates recycled bases stabilized with RAP is known, because it achieves important structural contributions. However, the component of aggregates, belonging to the fine fraction (through the # 200 mesh) takes special importance. This article seeks to develop a comparative analysis between the stabilizations of recycled foamed asphalt bases and asphalt emulsion. The importance of this study lies in analyzing the structural contribution of the fines fraction when comparing both stabilizations. For the present investigation, 48 pits were examined, where the combined granulometry of the RAP plus the granular base was evaluated. Here it was possible to identify a minimal presence of fines even within the recommended spindle for foamed asphalt mixtures, evidencing a deficit in indirect traction strength (ITS). The results obtained show, that a dry stability of 484.7 kg is achieved, and a conserved strength of 45% in the foamed asphalt. While in the asphalt emulsion a dry stability of 1862.1 kg and a conserved resistance of 70% is achieved. This demonstrates the impact on the structural behavior that have the fines fraction in stabilizations with foamed asphalt.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第18905号 / 医科博第61号 / 新制||医科||4(附属図書館) / 31856 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 武田 俊一, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Rap-musiken har under det senaste decenniet vuxit sig alltmer populär i det svenska samhället. Genren har under åren både kritiserats och hyllats för sitt skrivna innehåll då den når ut till många unga personer i sina formativa år. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie har vart att undersöka hur genus, sexualitet och heteronormativitet framställs samt upprätthålls i svensk rap.  Genom en konventionell innehållsanalys har en omfattande analys av 35 svenska rap-låtar som toppat årslistorna genom åren 2018-2022 genomförts. Teman och underteman fastställdes genom materialet och analyserades därefter genom socialkonstruktivismen, poststrukturell feminisim med intersektionellt perspektiv och queerteori, samt studiens tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att maskulinitet i rap-texterna relateras till grad av våldsamhet, ekonomiskt kapital, sexualiseringen av kvinnor, heterosexualitet samt emotionell avhållsamhet. Femininitet framställs som primärt existerande i förhållande till män, emotionellt agerande, emotionellt förstående och sexuell utifrån vad som gynnar män. Heteronormativitet kunde observeras i alla låtar då de två genusen framställs som motpoler till varandra och rap-texternas fokus är strikt riktat gentemot heterosexuella parrelationer, med undantaget av omnämnande av kvinnor som är intima framför män. Mannens heterosexualitet hävdas för att stärka maskuliniteten och i denna process görs avståndstagande gentemot icke-heterosexualitet. Icke-heterosexualitet blir således en del av en bristande maskulinitet och därmed framställs heterosexualiteten som den överlägsna sexualiteten. Resultatet kunde även genom det intersektionella perspektivet se till hur underlägsenhet kunde adderas genom ekonomiskt kapital, kriminalitet, genus och sexualitet. Studiens fynd bidrar till medvetenhet för socialarbetaren kring de konstruktioner inom svenska raptexter som kan bidra till sociala problem.

Denna uppsats genomför en analys av bruket av slang inom modern svensk rap ochhiphop. Dels utförs en jämförande analys mellan begreppen kenning och slang, därutformning och funktion diskuteras. Utöver det utförs även en djupare funktionsanalysav språkbruk inom hiphop som pekar på hur artister använder diverse mediationalmeans och psykologiska samt tekniska verktyg för att genomföra diskurser och genomdetta framföra mening samt hävda identitet och subjektsposition. Resultaten av analysenreflekterar ett antal, framförallt, funktionella likheter mellan kenning och slang i sättetde båda brukas, och har brukats, på inom sina respektive miljöer.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka en miljö där ungdomar träffas för att lära sig rap, utifrån ett lärandeperspektiv. Denna miljö kan sägas vara alternativ i förhållande till skolans mer formella kontext. Metoderna som jag använt är kvalitativa och etnografiska och jag vill i första hand undersöka vad individer i miljön själva uttrycker om sitt eget lärande.Detta har jag gjort genom observationer och intervjuer. I mina resultat framkommer fleraolika kategorier av lärande och kunskap. Det handlar dels om språk och bättre ordförråd, men också om social kunskap, beteende och att utveckla sin identitet och självförtroende. / It is my intention in this paper to examine a forum where adolescents meet to learn how torap. While not a classic learning environment such as in a formal school context, the "rap"environment offers alternative forms of learning. Through qualitative and ethnographic methods I intend to investigate, from an educational perspective, what some participants experience through their own learning. For this process, I have relied primarily on observation and interviews. The results indicate that the rap environment encompasses different areas of learning, including development of language and vocabulary, social knowledge andbehaviour, and expression of identity and self-confidence.

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