Ce mémoire a pour but de montrer l’impact du paradigme géométrique sur l’évolution de la dialectique dans le Ménon. La première partie de cette recherche est consacrée à la dialectique des premiers dialogues, l’elenchos. Cette pratique de la philosophie est ensuite comparée à la dialectique du Ménon qui est caractérisée par l’introduction de la notion de réminiscence. La seconde partie de cette étude concerne les deux passages géométriques du Ménon : le problème de la duplication du carré et la méthode hypothétique. Le premier passage permet à Platon de défendre la possibilité de la recherche scientifique, alors que le second (inspiré de l’analyse géométrique) est présenté comme un nouveau modèle pour mener à bien l’enquête philosophique. Cette méthode, qui consiste à réduire la difficulté d’un problème en postulant des hypothèses, permet notamment de passer de ce qui est logiquement second (de la qualité: « la vertu s’enseigne-t-elle? ») à ce qui est logiquement premier (à l’essence: « qu’est-ce que la vertu? »). / The purpose of this dissertation is to show the impact of the geometrical paradigm on the evolution of the dialectic in the Meno. The first part of this research is devoted to the dialectic of the first dialogues, the Socratic elenchus. This practice of philosophy is then compared to the dialectic of the Meno which is characterized by the introduction of the concept of recollection. The second part of this study concerns the two geometrical passages of the Meno: the duplication of the square and the hypothetical method. The first passage allows Plato to defend the possibility of scientific research, while the second (inspired by geometrical analysis) is presented as a new model for conducting philosophical inquiry. This new method, which consists in reducing the difficulty of a problem by postulating hypotheses, allows to reason from logically posterior things (quality: “is virtue teachable?”) to logically prior things (essence: “what is virtue?”).

Self-paced study involves choosing items for (re)study and determining how much time will be allocated to those items so as to maximize later recall, making it a viable venue for examining whether there are age-related differences in metacognitive control. Two prominent models have been proposed to account for item selection and study time allocation behaviors during self-paced study. The Discrepancy Reduction Model (DRM; Dunlosky & Hertzog, 1998; Nelson & Leonesio, 1988) suggests individuals will always select and allocate the most time to items that have not yet been learned, whereas the Region of Proximal Learning model (RPL; Metcalfe, 2002) predicts individuals will select the easiest unknown items and will only later select and allocate time to the more difficult items if time constraints permit, thus making distinctions among unlearned items graded by difficulty. Two experiments were conducted to examine whether younger and older adults item selection and study time allocation behaviors would be more consistent with DRM or RPL model predictions. Across both experiments younger and older adults initially selected easier items for study, providing the first evidence to date that the RPL model would extend to older adults self-paced study of heterogeneously difficult Spanish-English vocabulary pairs. However, both younger and older adults allocated more time to difficult than easier items. The assignment of point values to items in Experiment 2 affected how likely participants were to pursue each of four experimenter-determined task goals that either stressed the number of words recalled, points earned, or both. Whether point values initially favored recall of easy or difficult items interacted with time constraints to influence the basis (objective versus subjective difficulty) and order of participants item selections (Experiment 2). However, younger adults were better able to effectively allocate their study time to achieve self-determined (Experiment 1) and experimenter-determined goals (Experiment 2), indicating age-related differences in metacognitive control despite younger and older adults having similar memory self-efficacy ratings and encoding strategy use behaviors.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1996. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Susan W. Salmond. Dissertation Committee: Marvin Sontag. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-87).

Orientador: Sueli Andruccioli Félix / Banca: Claude Lépine / Banca: Leila Maria Ferreira Salles / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre o crime e a personalidade do mais conhecido criminoso da Região de Marília, através do estudo de caso de Guaracy Marques Pinto, conhecido como Pé-de-Veludo, o qual praticava furtos na cidade de Marília, dentre os anos de 1958 até 1964, data em que se deu o seu falecimento. Em seguida a sua morte, Pé-de-Veludo transformou-se em milagreiro pelo imaginário popular, passando a receber visitas constantes em seu túmulo, sendo que no dia de finados é uma das sepulturas mais visitadas de Marília e região. Este fato se estende até nossos dias conforme os registros de diversos jornais locais e regionais. O presente estudo tem como principal pressuposto, então, analisar o perfil e a performance do ladrão mais popular de Marília e a transformação da figura de Pé-de-Veludo em mito pela população local. A pesquisa visa trabalhar a percepção social do medo e encantamento que essa personagem provocava em suas violações ao patrimônio alheio, bem como a importância nos meios de comunicação da época e no entendimento da vida e morte desse personagem mítico para a suposta corroboração do pressuposto já mencionado. Para isso, é crucial trabalhar com a memória popular mariliense, elencando as diversas estórias acerca da figura de Pé-de-Veludo / Abstract: This essay of master degree is the result of the research about crime and about the personality of the most famous criminal of Marília and region by means of Guaracy Marques Pinto‟ story, known for Pé-de-Veludo, a criminal who praticted a lot of theft in the city of Marília; among 1958 and 1964, date which happened his death. Shortly after his death, Pé-de-Veludo was transformed by the popular imaginary in a miraculous person, receiving, since then, constant visit in his tomb; being his tomb, specially in november 2nd, one of the most visit in the Marília‟s cemetery. According to local and regional newspapers that time, this fact is being continued including the present day. The main aim of this essay is to analyse the personality and the performance of the most popular thief in the city of Marília, including his transformation in a myth by the local population. This research intends to focus about the simultaneous social perseption of fear and of fascination caused by Pé-de-Veludo and his responses like: break in the somebody else‟s property. Besides, this essay intends to focus about the importance of midia that time in this story and the comprehension about Pé-de-Veludo‟s life and death in order to corroborate all of this aims. For this, is fundamental to do a study about recollection, listing all Pé-de-Veludo‟ stories / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 verdi_am_me_mar.pdf: 9109576 bytes, checksum: 6e1d68d9613e8eb43d29acca2b3a989f (MD5) / Esta dissertação de mestrado é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre o crime e a personalidade do mais conhecido criminoso da Região de Marília, através do estudo de caso de Guaracy Marques Pinto, conhecido como Pé-de-Veludo, o qual praticava furtos na cidade de Marília, dentre os anos de 1958 até 1964, data em que se deu o seu falecimento. Em seguida a sua morte, Pé-de-Veludo transformou-se em milagreiro pelo imaginário popular, passando a receber visitas constantes em seu túmulo, sendo que no dia de finados é uma das sepulturas mais visitadas de Marília e região. Este fato se estende até nossos dias conforme os registros de diversos jornais locais e regionais. O presente estudo tem como principal pressuposto, então, analisar o perfil e a performance do ladrão mais popular de Marília e a transformação da figura de Pé-de-Veludo em mito pela população local. A pesquisa visa trabalhar a percepção social do medo e encantamento que essa personagem provocava em suas violações ao patrimônio alheio, bem como a importância nos meios de comunicação da época e no entendimento da vida e morte desse personagem mítico para a suposta corroboração do pressuposto já mencionado. Para isso, é crucial trabalhar com a memória popular mariliense, elencando as diversas estórias acerca da figura de Pé-de-Veludo / This essay of master degree is the result of the research about crime and about the personality of the most famous criminal of Marília and region by means of Guaracy Marques Pinto‟ story, known for Pé-de-Veludo, a criminal who praticted a lot of theft in the city of Marília; among 1958 and 1964, date which happened his death. Shortly after his death, Pé-de-Veludo was transformed by the popular imaginary in a miraculous person, receiving, since then, constant visit in his tomb; being his tomb, specially in november 2nd, one of the most visit in the Marília‟s cemetery. According to local and regional newspapers that time, this fact is being continued including the present day. The main aim of this essay is to analyse the personality and the performance of the most popular thief in the city of Marília, including his transformation in a myth by the local population. This research intends to focus about the simultaneous social perseption of fear and of fascination caused by Pé-de-Veludo and his responses like: break in the somebody else‟s property. Besides, this essay intends to focus about the importance of midia that time in this story and the comprehension about Pé-de-Veludo‟s life and death in order to corroborate all of this aims. For this, is fundamental to do a study about recollection, listing all Pé-de-Veludo‟ stories

Cette thèse porte sur le rêve et le récit de rêve dans les romans d’Anne Hébert, figure majeure de la littérature québécoise. Ses objectifs sont d’identifier une typologie de rêves à partir de la place du phénomène onirique au niveau du corpus et d’analyser les particularités de la transposition des rêves dans le discours, soit leur fonctionnement, afin de démontrer l’existence d’un discours onirique hébertien encadré par le discours romanesque. Une étude narratologique portant sur le contenu, l’instance narrative, le temps de la narration et la structure des récits de rêves dans les romans d’Anne Hébert sous-tend cette recherche et conduit à plusieurs résultats. Ainsi, le rêve comme moyen de révélation du surnaturel, le rêve prémonitoire, le rêve comme forme d’exil, la rêverie, le rêve remémoratif, le rêve comme reflet de la réalité et l’hallucination sont-ils autant d’expériences qui situent le personnage hébertien dans l’entre-deux, en provoquant des ruptures dans sa perception de la veille. Le discours romanesque illustre ces scissions par une grande fragmentation et par les relations complexes qu’il entretient avec le discours onirique au niveau du contenu, de l’instance narrative, du temps de la narration et de la structure du récit onirique. / This thesis focuses on the study of dreams and recollection of dreams in Anne Hébert's novels, an important Quebecois writer. The aims of this paper are to identify a dream pattern following the importance of the oneiric phenomenon as presented in the corpus and to analyze the particularities of dream transposition into the discourse and their purpose, in order to prove the existence of a Herbertian oneiric discourse framed by the Romanesque discourse.A narrative study of the content, the narrative instance, the narrative tense and the structure of the recollection of dreams in Anne Hébert novels underlie this research and lead up to various results. Thus, the dream as manner of supernatural revelation, the premonitory dream, the dream as a way of exile, the recalling dream, the dream as a reflection of reality and imagination are all experiences that place the Hebertian character between the two of them, causing breaches into his perception of wakefulness. The Romanesque discourse shows these scissions by a wide fragmentation and through the complex relations with the oneiric discourse within the content, the narrative instance, the narrative tense and oneiric structure.

A test of free recall visual memory and learning was developed for the present study. The purpose of the study was to determine the utility of the Visual Selective Reminding Test and the Verbal Selective Reminding Test for differentiating among groups of patients having memory impairments with organic etiologies. It was hypothesized that neurologically impaired patients would perform differently on the Visual and Verbal Selective Reminding Tests, the difference depending on the location of the underlying brain damage. Forty right handed male patients at a Veterans Administration hospital served as subjects. The patients were grouped according to the location of their brain damage; left hemisphere, right hemisphere, diffuse damage, and no brain damage. There were 10 patients in each group. Each patient was given the verbal and the visual memory tests in counterbalanced order and the Shipley estimate of intelligence.

Recollection, the process by which an item provokes the retrieval of associated information stored in the brain, is a key component of recognition memory. It is explored in this thesis through the use of a paradigm designed to allow the neural correlates of amount recalled to be identified through parametric fMRI analysis. A series of experiments were carried out during the development and optimisation of this paradigm in order to ensure that the various demands of this analysis were met. Subsequently this paradigm was applied during an fMRI experiment which provided data from both the encoding and retrieval stages of recollection.Whilst the development work was chiefly concerned with producing a suitable task design for the parametric fMRI analysis, these experiments provided some interesting results in their own right. The task design, which required participants to associate multiple item types within a story context, showed that there are significant differences in the frequency with which different stimuli are recollected. Participants were found to be particularly poor at recollecting faces whilst words were also shown to be recollected less frequently than either object or animal picture stimuli. A possible explanation for these differences may be related to the picture superiority effect although eye-tracking data collected from these experiments demonstrates large differences in viewing behaviour between different target stimulus types which is not correlated with later recall success. The amount of time participants spend engaging with the highly contextual scene item does predict later recall success.The fMRI analysis (Chapter 5) carried out during the encoding and retrieval stages of recollection found a variety of regions exhibiting a positive linear relationship with recollection at both these stages. This result provides support for the cortical reinstatement hypothesis of recollection despite the fact that the hippocampus only showed parametric modulation of activity during retrieval. It is proposed that parahippocampal activity during encoding and retrieval supports the recollection of contextual information whilst the same pattern of activity in parietal regions related to recollection may reflect the reinstatement of the global image of the story created during the encoding task.

The problem of this study was to examine the effect of text structure and signaling devices on immediate and delayed recalls of freshman Arabic-speaking students after reading a text. Subjects for the study were forty-five freshman Arabic-speaking students enrolled in three freshman English courses at a state university. All subjects were male students. The subjects-were chosen on a voluntary basis. The subjects were given the Reading Comprehension Section of the TOEFL. They were then divided into groups of good, average, and poor readers according to their performance on the TOEFL. Two well—organized passages of expository text with clearly identifiable top-level structure of problem/solution and appropriate reading levels were selected for the study. Two versions of each passage were adapted — one with the signaling devices included in the passage and the other with the signaling devices deleted. Each subject read one version of each of the two passages. The immediate and delayed recalls of the subjects were scored by an unbiased scorer. The scorer was an expert teacher of English to foreign students. Hypothesis I stated that good readers would be able to utilize the writer's rhetorical mode of the text at a significantly higher level than average and poor readers. This hypothesis was supported. The results of Chi square analysis was significant at the .03 level for immediate recall, and at the .01 level for the delayed recall. Hypothesis II stated that readers of each of the three groups who followed the original rhetorical mode of the text would recall significantly more information than those who failed to do so. This hypothesis was also supported. The results of the Two-way Analysis of Variance were significant at the .01 level for both immediate and delayed recalls. Hypothesis III stated that the students of all three groups would recall significantly more information from the passage with signaling devices than from the passage without signaling devices. This hypothesis was not supported. Signaling devices helped good and average readers to recall significantly more information, while the group of poor readers was not affected by the presence of these signaling devices. The findings suggest that training non-native speakers in identifying and utilizing different rhetorical structures might facilitate their reading comprehension. There is also a parallel need in writing instruction so that writers can . offer this facility to their readers.

Ce projet de recherche-création prend la forme d’un court métrage, intituté Persistance de la mémoire, accompagné d’un texte écrit. Ces deux parties articulées explorent le concept du double et les notions du temps, de la mémoire et du flash-back. Développé comme une recherche-création autopoïétique, selon une méthodologie de « practice based research », ce mémoire-création cherche à répondre aux questions suivantes : Dans une œuvre cinématographique, quels outils narratifs sont employés afin de véhiculer des émotions et des moments clés pour représenter le temps et la mémoire ? Cette question se décline en deux sous-questions : 1. Comment le flash-back devient-il un moyen d’altérer ou de réviser le passé? 2. Est-ce que le flash-back est un point de vue subjectif du protagoniste ou de l’auteur? À partir de mes recherches et de mon processus créatif, je souhaite porter une réflexion épistémologique sur cette question en examinant l’usage, les particularités et les modalités des outils narratifs dans la mise en récit. Le concept du double émerge comme un fil conducteur à travers ma recherche et la partie création ainsi que dans les instances de la temporalité et du flash-back. / This research-creation project comprises two components; the short film entitled Persistence de la mémoire, and the written document section. These two enunciated segments explore the concept of the double and the concepts of time, memory and the flashback. Developed as an autopoietic research-creation pursuant to a “practice-based research” methodology, this research-creation seeks to answer the following questions: In a film, what narrative tools are used to convey emotions, and key moments to represent time and memory? This question is divided into two sub-questions, which are: 1. How does the flashback become a way to alter or revise the past? 2. Is the flashback a subjective point of view of the protagonist or the author? Based on my research and my creative process, I wish to bring an epistemological reflection to this question by examining the uses, particularities and modalities of narrative tools in storytelling. The concept of the double emerges as a common thread through my research and in the creation portion, as well as in the instances and uses of temporality and the flashback.