Regional community in southern Africa has been limited to the region’s states. As a result, deeper notions of community emanating from non-state actors, particularly transnational social movements, continue to be ignored. In an attempt to transcend state centrism, this thesis highlights alternative forms of regional community by exploring the Zion Christian Church (ZCC), one of southern Africa’s biggest and fastest growing cross-border movements. The ZCC is a potential agent for developing regional community from the bottom-up, driving a people-oriented regional integration approach in southern Africa. The ZCC, with its extensive following among the region’s poor, offers a compelling example of a grassroots and truly bottom-up approach to regional community. This thesis explores the possibility of the ZCC as a model of alternative community and identity centred on people’s daily experiences and grounded in a shared history and solidarity. It seeks to highlight the significance of transnational movements like the ZCC to policy makers in the region and it argues that grassroots communities are marching ahead of SADC member states and politicians in the area of integration. There exists a transnational cooperation amongst followers of the ZCC and other grassroots communities across the region and this cooperation transcends the traditional notion of state sovereignty, thereby highlighting deeper notions of what it means to be a community at regional level.

The Swedish regions are new phenomena, from the start from the new regionalism which started in the 1980´s. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze Region Skåne and Västra Götalandsregionen to come to a conclusion which model of region they are and want to be by using theories of regional identity and identity of politics and see similarities and differences. My research question is: Which of cultural, administrative and functional region are Region Skåne and Västra Götaland striving to construct?    The methods I have used are qualitative text- and content analysis to analyze the regions, by using theories about regional identity and identity of politics. Furthermore, I am using some statistic from SOM-institutet to analyze the regional identity in the regions.    The result show that Region Skåne is constructing a cultural region, because of their strong regional identity and that the politicians are using identity of politics to combine the citizens. The citizens feel a strong fellowship and share a common history and culture.    However Västra Götalandsregionen is an administrative region, there their regional identity is low and do not have a common history and culture. There the politicians’ focus is on administrative things, as research and communication.

The aim of the study is to examine different statements for and against regional identity in the research of the new organisation of the Swedish society. The aim is also to observe in what extend the Swedish committee of responsibility has had an awareness of the identity politics in its effort to improve the presumptions for the new, successful regional division. The questions are: 1. In which ways do the opinions of the participant of the work of the committee of responsibility, coincide and differ when it comes to the importance of the regional identity in the case of a new regional division? 2. How has the committee of responsibility worked on development of consciousness and mobilisation for the creation of the regional identity in its final report? A method called the argumentation analysis was used in this study. The documents that were analysed were all linked to the research of a new Swedish organisation. The conclusion of the study is that even though the committee’s reasoning concords in many ways with the theory, it would be fallacious to say that the committee has been working on development of consciousness and mobilisation for the creation of the regional identity.

S'agit-il d'une banale société savante française créée en 1853, ou sa situation frontalière lui donne-t-elle un autre intérêt ? Les sept fondateurs dunkerquois, parmi lesquels le magistrat amateur de musique Edmond de Coussemaker, proche des frères Grimm, avaient à coeur de préserver les vestiges de leur langue populaire, le « flamand de France », participant au mouvement des « mémoires locales ». Ces notables, avec l'aide des curés de village, souhaitaient servir une société chrétienne, inspirée à la fois par les traditions médiévales des villes des anciens Pays-Bas reprises par la Contre-réforme espagnole et par une opposition au centralisme anticlérical hérité de la Révolution. Ils associaient la langue flamande à la religion catholique, comme éléments d'une identité française visant à se démarquer, à la fois de Paris et de leurs voisins flamands-belges, soumis eux aussi défis de la modernité. Un temps attirés par l'idéologie néogothique flamande, ils rentrent d'une façon originale, parfois douloureuse, dans le projet d'intégration des « petites patries » dans la grande, telle que le conçoit la Troisième République peu favorable à ces élites jugées réactionnaires. Durant la période de l'étude, notables ou prêtres, vont pourtant rester fidèles à leur ligne. La reconstruction de cette région, proche du front, après la Première guerre mondiale, donne au chanoine Looten, durant sa présidence de 40 ans, l'occasion de jouer très subtilement, parfois de façon ambigüe, un rôle moteur dans l'organisation d'un régionalisme typiquement septentrional ; tout en assurant la promotion de la langue populaire auprès des jeunes, notamment aux Facultés catholiques de Lille, il vise, avec son ami l'abbé Lemire, le recadrage de la religion dans le sens d'une plus plus grande transcendance et d'une plus grande ouverture au monde et aux questions sociales. / Is it a classic « learned society » created in 1853, or does its border situation provide it another interest? Edmond de Coussemaker, the music lover magistrate and the others fonders living in Dunkerque, were committed to preserving and maintaining the vestiges of their ancient vernacular, the "Flemish in France",participating in the movement of 'local memories'. These local dignitaries, with the help of village priests, wished to serve the Christian society, therein inspired both by the traditions of medieval towns of the Low Countries later on regained by the Spanish catholic reform and the opposition to anticlerical centralism inherited from the Revolution. They associated the vernacular with the catholic religion, as part of a French identity, to distinguish themselves, both from Paris and from their Belgian-Flemish neighbors, and also to submit the challenges of modernity. Once attracted by the Flemish neogothicism and neomedieval ideology, they joined, painfully for some, the integration project of "small countries" in the great nation-state, as conceived by the Third Republic, even though this regime was not favourable towards these elites which were considered reactionary. The reconstruction of this region, near the front, after the First World War, gave the canon Looten during his long presidency, the opportunity to play very subtly, sometimes ambiguously, a role in the organization of typically northern type of regionalism. While ensuring the promotion of the vernacular at the “Facultés catholiques de Lille”, with his friend Jules Lemire, he aims at driving religion in a direction of transcendence as well as larger opening to the word and its social problems.

Cette thèse identifie et analyse les revendications de légitimité des organisations régionales de sécurité par rapport à leurs actions et leur existence en tant que sites d’autorité relativement nouveaux. En effet, la recherche explore le contexte normatif qui sert de base au régionalisme sécuritaire entre le niveau global et le niveau national. A cet égard, la thèse propose un cadre conceptuel et théorique pour l’étude de l’autolégitimation qui est ici conçue comme un processus social dynamique et intersubjectif de justification du droit de gouverner. Ce cadre théorique combine les littératures sur la sécurité, le régionalisme, et la légitimité politique. Son objectif principal est l'identification des arguments de légitimation qui peuvent justifier des relations de pouvoir inégales entre gouvernants et gouvernés. Les études de cas de cette thèse sont les missions de sécurité et les politiques de gestion de crise de l'Union Africaine et de l'Union Européenne en réponse à la crise au Darfour (2003-) et les zones adjacentes, telles que le Tchad et la République Centrafricaine. A partir du concept d’autolégitimation et de l'analyse des documents produits par les deux organisations régionales, la partie empirique identifie quatre modes principaux de légitimation qui sont appelés « images du régionalisme sécuritaire ». Ces images sont le régionalisme bénéfique, le régionalisme nécessaire, le régionalisme inévitable, et le régionalisme multilatéral. Les images du régionalisme sécuritaire montrent que la légitimation des politiques et des actions, d'une part, et la légitimation des organisations régionales et de leur position au sein de la gouvernance de la sécurité, d’autre part, sont indissociables. En outre, elles révèlent également que, plus que la légitimation des actions, c’est souvent la légitimation de l'inaction qui est cruciale pour le rôle de ces organisations en tant qu’acteurs de sécurité. Enfin, les arguments de légitimation faisant référence au caractère multilatéral et collectif des actions entreprises par ces organisations régionales démontrent une tendance vers leur reconnaissance mutuelle et, par conséquent, contribuent à leur légitimation. / This thesis identifies and analyses the legitimacy claims of regional security organizations in relation to their policies and their existence as relatively new sites of authority. Hence, it explores the normative context underpinning security regionalism between global and national levels. In this regard, it proposes a conceptual and theoretical framework for the study of self- legitimation, which is understood as a dynamic and intersubjective social process of justification of the right to rule. This framework is based on the intersection between the literatures on security, regionalism, and political legitimacy. Its main focus is the identification of the arguments of legitimation that can justify the unequal power relations between rulers and ruled. This thesis’ case studies are the security missions and policies of crisis management of the African Union and the European Union in response to the crisis in Darfur (2003-) and adjacent areas such as Chad and Central African Republic. Building on the framework of self-legitimation and on the analysis of documents produced by both regional organizations, the empirical part identifies fours large patterns of arguments, which are called ‘images of security regionalism’. These images are the beneficial regionalism, the necessary regionalism, the inevitable regionalism, and the multilateral regionalism. The images of security regionalism show that the legitimation of policies and actions, on the one hand, and the legitimation of regional organizations and their positions within security governance, on the other, are indissociable. Moreover, they also reveal that, more than the legitimation of actions, it is often the legitimation of the perceived inaction that is crucial to the organizations’ role as a security actors. Finally, the patterns of arguments referring to the inter-organizational relations and to the multilateral and collective character of the organizations’ policies point to a trend of mutual recognition and, by consequence, mutual legitimation among regional organizations. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse interroge le parcours de l’architecte alsacien Charles-Gustave Stoskopf (1907-2004), deuxième second grand prix de Rome en 1933, en se fondant principalement sur le dépouillement de ses fonds d’archives d’agences. Cet acteur de la scène professionnelle des Trente Glorieuses entame sa carrière en 1945 dans le cadre de la Reconstruction, où il a la charge de rebâtir des villages détruits autour de Colmar, puis devient le maître d’œuvre de plusieurs grands ensembles en Alsace et en région parisienne. Afin d’éclairer cet itinéraire, sont explorées tour à tour, la biographie de l’architecte dans ses multiples aspects, l’analyse architecturale de quelques œuvres significatives et enfin, des dimensions transversales caractérisant cette production considérable. Celle-ci révèle plusieurs registres d’expressions, marqués par la permanence d’un vocabulaire académique et d’un héritage alsacien constamment revendiqué et réinventé. Elle agrège également des influences diverses lui permettant de répondre aux commandes inédites de cette période de modernisation et de forte croissance. / This thesis considers the career of Alsatian architect, Charles-Gustave Stoskopf (1907-2004), who was awarded in the Prix de Rome in 1933. It is based mainly on research in his agency archives. He was professionally active during the “Thirty Glorious Years” in France, starting in 1945 when he was involved in post-war Reconstruction and given responsibility for the rebuilding of villages around Colmar razed to the ground in the conflict. Later, he designed a number of major developments in Alsace and the Paris area. To shed light on his career, we explore the various aspects of the architect’s life, conduct an architectural analysis of a few of his most significant works and, finally, consider the transversality that is a feature of his considerable output. Our study reveals his use of various registers of expression, all of them marked by academic terminology and an Alsatian heritage to which he refers constantly while giving it a new innovative twist. He also succeeded in drawing on various influences, enabling him to respond to unusual commissions during this period of modernisation and strong growth.

[pt] A partir de uma constatação intuitiva de que a busca exaustiva por atribuição de sentido na arquitetura encontrou no pós-modernismo, certo esgotamento instrumental, o trabalho investiga o conceito de presença na arquitetura segundo o debate estabelecido entre Peter Eisenman e Kenneth Frampton no âmbito da teoria arquitetônica a partir da década de 1970. Os estudos sobre a tectônica e o regionalismo crítico de Frampton, como crítica à supremacia do cenográfico na sociedade do espetáculo em detrimento da experiência do corpo sensível, bem como a pesquisa sobre uma noção do abrigo originário na historiografia arquitetônica de Joseph Rykwert, oferecem um possível caminho de reafirmação da presença conforme definido por Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht: isto é, o reconhecimento da arquitetura como uma certa poética da construção, inserida no seio de uma determinada cultura construtiva, dentro de uma visão antropológica que toma o corpo e o espaço como dimensões ontológicas do homem no seu meio. A arquitetura é plasmada em meio ao céu e a terra, onde o homem constrói seu habitar, suspensa entre um desejo inerente e oscilante de alçar voo e de afundar na terra, fruto de uma busca pela casa arquetípica transmitida pela tradição na relação ritual deste homem com sua cosmologia. Esta discussão teórica estabelece as bases conceituais para uma análise crítica de obras de Lucio Costa, Lina Bo Bardi e Paulo Mendes da Rocha, em que se identifica, cada qual à sua maneira, uma certa noção de abrigo que transcende o tempo histórico em busca de um espaço mítico do construir, do habitar e do pensar. Arquiteturas em que tradição e modernidade, memória e imaginação, corpo e pensamento, peso e leveza são reunidos num eterno presente. / [en] From an intuitive realization that the exhaustive search for meaning in architecture has reached, in post-modernism, an instrumental fatigue, the work sets to investigate the concept of presence in architecture according to the debate established between Peter Eisenman and Kenneth Frampton in the field of architectural starting in the 1970 s. Frampton s studies about tectonics and critical regionalism, as a critical review of the supremacy of the scenographic in the society of the spectacle in detriment of the experience of the sensitive body, as well as Joseph Rykwert s research on the notion of the primitive shelter in the architectural historiography, offer a possible path to reaffirm presence as defined by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht: that is, the acknowledgement of architecture as a certain poetics of building, embedded with a specific constructive culture, within an anthropological view which takes body and space as ontological dimensions of man and his environment. Architecture is molded between sky and earth, where man builds his dwelling, suspended between an inherent and oscillating desire to take flight and to sink in the ground, produce of a search for an archetypal house transmitted by tradition in the ritual relation of this man with his cosmology. The theoretical discussion establishes the conceptual basis for the critical analysis of works by Lucio Costa, Lina Bo Bardi, and Paulo Mendes da Rocha, in which one could identify, each in its own manner, a certain notion of shelter that transcends the historic time in search of a mythical space of building, dwelling, and thinking. Architectures in which tradition and modernity, memory and imagination, body and thought, heaviness and lightness are reunited in an eternal present.

The objective of this research is a dissertation of the history of the idealization and a wide look into the festival's history of Carijo Da Canção Gaúcha that takes place in Palmeira das Missões, in northern of Rio Grande do Sul. This dissertation will be used along with theoretical foundation and empirical research, through interviews with people who are or have been part of the festival as well as the use of documents available that can serve as a historical source for this dissertation. The theoretical foundation is based on literature related to culture, gaucho culture, as well as anthropology and research methods. Although this the oretical view is necessary, the dissertation will work in empirical research, where "voices" tell the story, facts and important moments of the festival which is the state s patrimonial because the preservation of the gaucho music. Empirical research based on interviews and searching for information in documents such as protocol, newspapers, private collections and in the actual booklet of the festival. Was the affective reactions that made me choose the object to be analyzed, and therefore, may occur some moments of brilliance and interviews. We will cover a course of Festival: Silver Jubilee, counting from the first to the twenty-fifth edition. The study is grounded in established names when referring to Gaucha Culture as Ruben Oliven, Luiz Carlos Barbosa Lessa, João Paixão Côrtes, Sandra Pesavento, and other scholars who eventually opted to analyze other subjects of this culture and also concepts related to general culture, as Roque Laraia. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é a divulgação da história de idealização e um ciclo de história do festival Carijo da Canção Gaúcha da cidade de Palmeira das Missões, no norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Será utilizado embasamento teórico juntamente com pesquisa empírica, através de entrevistas com as pessoas que fazem ou fizeram parte da realização do festival assim como utilização de documentos existentes que possam servir de fonte histórica para esta dissertação. O embasamento teórico se fundamenta em literaturas referentes a cultura, cultura gaúcha, assim como antropologia e métodos de pesquisa. Embora seja necessário este viés teórico, o trabalho se debruçará em pesquisa empírica, onde as vozes contarão a história, fatos e relembrarão momentos importantes do festival que pela sua importância na preservação da música gaúcha é patrimônio do Estado. Pesquisa empírica baseada em entrevistas e busca de informações em documentos como atas, jornais, acervos particulares e no próprio livreto do festival. Foi a aproximação afetiva que me levou a escolha do objeto a ser analisado, e, portanto, poderá ocorrer certo brilhantismo dos momentos e entrevistas. Abordaremos um ciclo de Festival: Jubileu de Prata, contando da primeira edição até a vigésima quinta. O estudo será embasado em nomes consagrados quando nos referimos à Cultura Gaúcha como Ruben Oliven, Luiz Carlos Barbosa Lessa, João Paixão Côrtes, Sandra Pesavento, entre outros estudiosos que acabaram optando por analisar outros temas dessa cultura e também conceitos relacionados a cultura em geral, como Roque Laraia.

Cette thèse a été réalisée avec le soutien financier du Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines, du Conseil des relations internationales de Montréal (CORIM), du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture, du Centre d’études et de recherches internationales de l’Université de Montréal (CÉRIUM), du Département de science politique et du Groupe Banque TD. / L’établissement formel d’une communauté ASEAN le 31 décembre 2015 marque une étape charnière pour une organisation dont la résilience dans le temps demeure à bien des égards une énigme pour la théorie des Relations internationales. Les approches dominantes peinent à expliquer la position malaisée dans laquelle l’Association des Nations d’Asie du Sud-Est se trouve depuis le tournant du 21e siècle, quelque part entre inertie et changement. Si le débat de longue date sur le statut de l’ASEAN comme « communauté de sécurité » reste pleinement d’actualité, cela n’a pas empêché l’organisation de se saisir de cet objectif tout en adaptant son sens en pratique. L’approche de l’ASEAN combine aujourd’hui trois objectifs : fournir les conditions de la paix entre les États de la région; répondre aux menaces transnationales et non militaires à la sécurité; et contribuer à l’accroissement de la sécurité, du bien-être et de la dignité des populations d’Asie du Sud-Est par le biais d’une communauté « axée sur le peuple » (people-oriented, people-centered). Ainsi, la façon dont l’ASEAN définit son rôle et, a fortiori, son identité comme organisation de sécurité régionale se distingue significativement de la définition conventionnelle d’une communauté de sécurité. La thèse propose d’envisager l’ASEAN comme une « communauté de discours », afin de fournir une explication novatrice à sa résilience au 21e siècle. Elle met en lumière la coexistence d’interprétations divergentes de la sécurité régionale dans le contexte de l’ASEAN, et s’intéresse aux effets de cette polysémie sur l’articulation de l’identité de l’organisation et sa performance comme communauté de sécurité en devenir. / The formal establishment of an ASEAN Community on December 31st, 2015 marks an important milestone for an organization whose resilience through time has continuously mystified International Relations Theory. Dominant IR approaches still struggle with explaining the awkward position, somewhere between inertia and change, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations finds itself in since the turn of the 21st century. While the longstanding debate on the status of ASEAN as a “security community” still continues unabated today, this has not prevented the organization from claiming this objective for itself, while considerably adapting its meaning in practice. ASEAN’s approach to regional security can be seen as combining three broad objectives: providing the conditions for peace among regional states; responding effectively to non-military and transnational threats to security; and contributing to the enhancement of the security, well-being, and dignity of the peoples of Southeast Asia through a people-oriented, people-centered approach. Therefore, the way ASEAN defines its role and, more importantly, its identity as a regional security organization departs in significant ways from the conventional definition of “security community”. This study offers a new explanation of the organization’s resilience in the 21st century by treating ASEAN as a “community of discourse”. The following pages highlight the coexistence of divergent interpretations of regional security in the context of ASEAN, and focuses on the effects of this polysemy on the articulation of the organization’s identity, and its performance as a security community in the making.

Orientador: Pedro Wagner Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodriguesNeto_Anfrisio_M.pdf: 16512583 bytes, checksum: ab9ce169a14538fb39309ffc2574d6d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A pesquisa procura mostrar as relações dos moradores da região do Morro de Araçoiaba e a construção da Real Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema no início do século XIX. O uso dos recursos naturais pela fábrica, como o minério de ferro (magnetita), as árvores para a feitura do carvão, combustível dos fornos e da água para mover as rodas, motivou uma série de atritos entre os moradores do Morro e a direção da Fábrica. A reserva da mata do morro 10 anos antes da construção da Fábrica e a retirada dos moradores para terras menos férteis iniciaram os embates. Os moradores eram em sua maioria pequenos proprietários e sitiantes que dependia dos recursos naturais, principalmente madeireiros e da terra para plantio de mantimentos. Por outro lado a Fábrica precisava destes sitiantes para fornecer comida à Fábrica, fazer o carvão para os fornos e braços para diversos serviços. A queima dos arvoredos mudou ecossistemas de várias espécies de pássaros e mamíferos. Afetou também a rica diversidade botânica repleta de árvores nobres. A pesquisa insere-se no campo metodológico da História Ambiental e para norteá-la valeu-se de levantamento realizado com pessoas que trabalham com educação na cidade de Sorocaba. O interesse dessas pessoas pela questão ambiental orientou a feitura do texto. Como resultados podemos destacar a forte intervenção do poder imperial português na região do Morro de Araçoiaba no início do século XIX e a resistência dos moradores. Apesar dos ordenamentos proibindo cortes e derrubadas, estas continuaram. Também mostra o impacto das instalações siderúrgicas na diversidade botânica e da fauna local que levou à extinção de várias espécies / Abstract: The research seeks to demonstrate the relations of the residents of Araçoiaba hill and the construction of the Royal St. John of Ipanema Iron Foundry, in the early XIX century. The use of natural resources by the plant, such as iron ore (magnetite), the trees for coal production, fuel for furnaces and water to move the wheels, resulted in a range of conflicts between the residents and the factory management. The reserve of the forest 10 years before the factory construction and the removal of the residents to a less fertile land started the conflicts. The residents were mostly small farmers, who depended on the natural resources, especially timber, and the land for planting provisions. On the other hand, the factory needed the small farmers to provide food to the factory, make the coal for the furnaces and as workforce for various services. The burning of trees changed the ecosystems of several species of birds and mammals. It also affected the rich botanical diversity, full of noble trees. This research is part of the methodological field of Environmental History. A survey was made with people who work in education in the city of Sorocaba. The interest of this people for environmental issues guided the formulation of the text. As a result, we can highlight the strong intervention of the Portuguese imperial power in the region of Araçoiaba hill, in the early XIX century and the resistance of the residents. Despite orders forbidding tree felling, they continued. The research also shows the impact of steel plants in the botanical diversity and in the local fauna, which resulted in the extinction of several species / Mestrado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Mestre em Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra