The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) first came into being as a result of border negotiations between Russia and China but evolved shortly thereafter into more than this. A regional organization comprised of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and China the SCO’s mandate now encompasses trade and security. Most secondary literature on this organization tends to detail the interests of its constituent members, while overlooking the historical relationships underlying the SCO’s growth and evolution. This thesis argues that Russia’s long-standing relationships with the states of Central Asia created the conditions making the SCO a necessary tool of Russian foreign policy, while Moscow’s relations with China and the US have driven the development of the group. It concludes that the SCO has become the most viable of Central Asia’s regional organizations because it has effectively resolved contradictions and conflicts in Russia’s relationships with the other SCO members.

Univ., Diss.--Göteborg, 2008.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of New Brunswick, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Based on Ph.D. thesis--University of Nottingham, School of Law, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [387]-418).

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) first came into being as a result of border negotiations between Russia and China but evolved shortly thereafter into more than this. A regional organization comprised of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and China the SCO’s mandate now encompasses trade and security. Most secondary literature on this organization tends to detail the interests of its constituent members, while overlooking the historical relationships underlying the SCO’s growth and evolution. This thesis argues that Russia’s long-standing relationships with the states of Central Asia created the conditions making the SCO a necessary tool of Russian foreign policy, while Moscow’s relations with China and the US have driven the development of the group. It concludes that the SCO has become the most viable of Central Asia’s regional organizations because it has effectively resolved contradictions and conflicts in Russia’s relationships with the other SCO members.

Cette étude entend observer l'intérêt pour les spécialités alimentaires de Touraine et leur mise en valeur par une multitude d'acteurs. Elle part de la fin du XIXe siècle, qui a vu se développer un régionalisme incluant la gastronomie, et s’arrête à la fin du suivant, au moment où la notion de patrimoine se généralise et prend sa forme actuelle. La réflexion sur l’émergence de ce patrimoine alimentaire est au coeur d'une vision large croisant la thématique agricole, la dynamique régionaliste – tant sur le plan de l'action politique que sur celui de registres culturels multiformes –, et l'identité touristique du « jardin de la France ». Les acteurs impliqués construisent une identité régionale par la promotion des centres d'intérêt touristique et oeuvrent pour soutenir l'attractivité locale. Les comportements évoluent dans le temps, allant de la démarche qualitative à la dynamique commerciale à outrance, d’un intérêt marqué pour le « terroir » à un certain détachement / This study aims at observing the interest in Touraine food specialities and how they were promoted by various players. Starting from the 1880s, with the appearance of regionalism (an integral part of which is gastronomy), our study ends in the late 20th century, when the notion of heritage becomes widespread and gets its current form. Thanks to the meeting of the agricultural theme, regionalist dynamics (politically and culturally speaking), and the tourist identity of the “Garden of France,” the emergence of food heritage is reflected on. All involved players build up a regional identity through the promotion of centres of tourist interest and set their sights on sustaining local attractiveness. The behavioural evolution throughout the period is observed, ranging from qualitative approach to excessive commercial drive; from strong interest in “terroir” to a certain detachment from it

O objetivo desta dissertação é explicar os motivos que levaram os subseqüentes governos do Chile a não se tornarem membros plenos do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul) durante a década de 1990. Faz-se a abordagem através de uma análise das mudanças ocorridas no Chile, a partir de meados da década de 1960 até o ano 1990, para explicar a atuação do país em âmbito regional. Por possuir características singulares, o Chile iniciou a década de 1990 redemocratizado, economicamente estável e com altas taxas de crescimento, o que despertou a atenção dos demais países da América Latina, que estavam reestruturando suas economias e seu papel no cenário internacional – principalmente Brasil e Argentina. A análise da história contemporânea do Chile e a forma como se conduziu sua política externa são as bases que sustentam esta dissertação. Ao reestruturar seu corpo diplomático e incrementar as relações entre o Estado e os setores privados chilenos, o país possuiu uma estratégia de inserção internacional que deu prioridade a outras regiões do mundo, relegando o Mercosul a um segundo plano em sua agenda de política internacional. Esta postura em sua política externa, levou o Chile a não se tornar membro pleno do Mercosul durante a década de 1990. / The present thesis seeks to explain the reasons why Chile did not became a South Cone Common Market member (Mercosur) during the 1990 decade. The changes occurred in the Chilean politics during the middle 1960's decade explain its Southern Cone foreign policy at the 1990's decade. Chile, with its particular characteristics, begun the nineties democratized with economic stability and high taxes of economic growth. This fact attracted the attention of other neighbor countries in Latin America that where restructuring their economies and parts at the international scenario, especially Brazil and Argentina. Chilean contemporary history analysis and the way its foreign policy was conducted are the basis which sustain this thesis. Restructuring its diplomatic team and improving the relations between Chilean public and private sectors, made the country start a new strategy of international insertion giving priority to other regions of the world, relying to Mercosur a secondary position. This international politic position led Chile not to be a Mercosur full member during the 1990 decade.

This thesis, called "Jaromír Malý the journalist and regionalist" deals with this remarkable person comming from the southern Bohemia who lived from 1885 to 1955. The thesis describes his life story and focuses on its significance. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first of them brings a summary of basic literature dealing with Jaromír Malý and concentrates on particular titles and studies denoted to South Bohemian regionalism. The second chapter focuses on Jaromír Malý´s life story. It depicts his studies as a term of his life and subsequent carrier in Prague, as well as relationship to his family and wife particularly. This chapter includes an analysis of letters sent by Jaromír Malý from concentration camps in Germany, in which he forcibly resided. The third chapter aims to describe his journalistic work and brings an analysis of his work done for Progressive students magazine and Progressive revue. The fourth chapter endeavours to introduce Jaromír Malý´s work in periodicals, especially the work for a local magazine Otavan. The fifth chapter is focused on a local club Prácheň, one of which founders Jaromír Malý was. In the sixth chapter Jaromír Malý´s opinion on a role of the southern Bohemia in the czech countries is given. The seventh chapter brings a description of so called cultural world of Jaromír Malý. On the basis of his archival fund which passed down fortunately, many important persons he met or kept in touch are mentioned. Beside this, the chapter brings a basic summary of his participation in cultural events and membership in various societies. The last but one chapter shows Jaromír Malý´s most favourite interest, i.e. collecting ex libris. The last chapter summarizes significance of Jaromír Malý. At the end of the thesis, there is a list of explored literature and a list of attachements. The attachments are composed of list of articles which Jaromír Malý wrote for respective magazines, list of his studies and papers that were issued separately, list of the most important dates connected to Jaromír Malý and his life, and pictures as well. In these pictures, Jaromír Malý is depicted in various stages of his life. There are also his birth certificate, school reports, invitations to cultural events, ex libris, Jaromír Malý´s death notification and several pieces of correspondence with his friends and family.

O presente trabalho examina o conceito de “Modernismo” na literatura brasileira, bem como suas interações com o “Regionalismo” na produção crítica das décadas de 1920 a 1960. Contrastando a percepção do modernismo por críticos paulistas e gaúchos, além da análise crítica de Manuel Bandeira, acompanhamos o percurso de algumas vertentes que ajudaram a moldar a literatura brasileira como a concebemos hoje. Buscou-se analisar de que forma críticos gaúchos como João Pinto da Silva e Moysés Vellinho estavam enfrentando as transformações que ocorriam na literatura brasileira nas décadas de 1920 e de 1930, bem como a maneira como Vianna Moog e Moysés Vellinho elaboraram uma visão de conjunto da nossa literatura nas décadas de 1940 e de 1950, objetivando assim vislumbrar possíveis linhas interpretativas diversas das apresentadas pela historiografia literária tradicional. / The present work examines the concept of “Modernism” in the Brazilian literature, as well as its interactions with “Regionalism” in the critical production of the decades of 1920 to the 1960’s. By contrasting the perception of Modernism by critics from São Paulo and from Rio Grande do Sul, besides Manuel Bandeira’s critical analysis, we follow the path of some trends that helped to shape the Brazilian literature as we know it today. I tried to analyse how critics like João Pinto da Silva and Moysés Vellinho faced the transformations occurred in the Brazilian literature in the 1920’s and 30’s, as well as how Vianna Moog and Moysés Vellinho elaborated a view of the whole of our literature in the 1940’s and 50’s, thus aiming at glancing at possible interpretative lines diverse from the ones presented by the traditional literary historiography.