Comment l’historique s’incorpore-il dans le projet romanesque et comment cette incorporation vient-elle répondre à l’ambition romanesque de deux auteurs qui, malgré leur appartenance à deux cultures différentes, écrivent une fiction qui raconte l’histoire d’une famille à travers l’Histoire, plus précisément pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle ?Comment comprendre les rapports entre roman et Histoire ? Notre recherche étudie commenta pu s’opérer la contamination entre les deux : contamination mutuelle entre l’historique et l’inventé qui sert d’une part à authentifier le monde fictif élaboré par l’écrivain mais aussi à questionner l’Histoire. L’étude détaillée des marqueurs de l’historicité à savoir les dates, les personnages historiques et les documents nous montre que la fiction s’historicise non pas en rapport avec le genre de l’histoire académique mais en rapport avec les formes nouvelles de l’écriture de la presse comme le reportage dans le cas de Roger Martin du Gard et le feuilleton dans le cas de Naguib Mahfouz. / How is the historical incorporated in the novel and how does this incorporation serve theambition of two novelists who, even though belonging to different cultures, write fictionswhich tell the story of a family through history, and more precisely during the first half of theXXe century? How to understand the relationship between novel and history? Our researchinvestigates how the contamination between them proceeds: between historical facts and theinvented ones, a mutual contamination is used to authenticate the fictive world created by thenovelist, but also to question history. The detailed study of the marks of historicity, namelydates, historical characters and documents, shows us that the fiction historicizes itself, not inrelation to history as an academic genre, but in relation to new writing forms of the press likethe reportage in the case of Roger Martin du Gard and the feuilleton in the case of NaguibMahfouz

This thesis deploys Homi Bhabha's perspective of postcolonial literary theory as a critical procedure to examine particular instances of fiction, as well as reportage on Botswana. Its unifying interest is to pinpoint the shifting nature or reality of Botswana and, by extension, of African identities. To that end, I use Bhabha's concept of liminality to inform the work of writers such as Unity Dow, Alexander McCall Smith, and instances of reportage (by Rupert Isaacson and Caitlin Davies), from the 1990s to date. The aims of the thesis are, among other things, to establish the extent to which Homi Bhabha's appropriation of the term liminality (which derives from Victor Turner's notion of limen for inbetweenness), and its application in the postcolonial context inflects the reading of the above works whose main motifs include the following: a contestation of any views which privilege one culture above another, challenging a jingoistic rootedness in one culture, and promoting an awareness of the existence of several, interlocking or even clashing realities which finally produce multiple meanings, values and identities. In short, it is proposed that identity is not a given but rather a product of a lived reality and therefore a social construct, something always in process. The thesis begins by theorizing liminality in Chapter 1 within the context of Homi Bhabha's understanding and interrogation of the colonial discourse. This is followed by the contextualization of liminality through the reading of, firstly, the fiction of Unity Dow in Chapters 2 and 3, and then the "detective" fiction of Alexander McCall Smith in Chapters 4 and 5. In the discussion of these works, I also touch on instances of reportage which relate to the lives of the authors. In the case of Smith's "detective" fiction, for example, reportage refers to his incorporation of actual historical events and personages whose impact, I argue, suggests the liminality of culture. In Chapter 6, the idea of reportage varies slightly to denote works of fiction in which there is a great deal of historical fact. Thus Rupert Isaacson's The Healing Land: A Kalahari Journey and Caitlin Davies' Place of Reeds are treated as works of reportage in line with Truman Capote's application of that term. What comes out most evidently in this study is the shifting idea of (Botswana/African) identity. It should be noted that rather than present an all-embracing account of the fiction on Botswana, the study only looks at the selected examples of writing and reportage. / University of South Africa National Research Foundation / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)

École de style, espace de mémoire et de réflexion, champ d’expérimentation de formes narratives, l'œuvre journalistique de Gabriel García Márquez affiche une indéniable ambition littéraire tout en gardant une valeur documentaire. En examinant les chroniques des Notas de Prensa 1980-84 et le reportage Noticia de un secuestro (1996), un constat général se dégage : la tentative de conversion esthétique que l'on trouve dans ces ouvrages vient confirmer ce qui était déjà une évidence dans la période initiale (1948-1961), la consolidation d'un espace singulier dans son œuvre se rapprochant de façon subsidiaire et non subalterne de ses travaux proprement littéraires. Cette recherche fusionnelle marque définitivement son reportage, car c'est dans ce domaine que l'investissement de la matière documentaire confine à la forme romanesque. Le facteur immuable du style serait la clé expliquant cette transposition des recours rhétoriques et narratifs dans la non-fiction. Par ce biais les échanges entre les deux domaines de son écriture s'avèrent plutôt fructueux; à terme, tous deux ciblent une vision poétique de la réalité et valident indépendamment leurs procédures de représentation. Mais cette tendance convergente n'est pas toujours exempte de zones de tension, surtout lorsque l'auteur se permet quelques écarts fictionnels dans ses chroniques. En revanche, dans le reportage qui se veut écrit comme un roman, la correspondance stricte avec l'enquête devient un impératif grandissant. Ainsi, son journalisme joue un rôle précurseur dans la presse colombienne tout en rejoignant un courant universel. / A stylistic school, a vehicle for recollection and reflection, an experimental field with narrative forms, Gabriel García Márquez’s journalistic works are characterised by both an undeniable literary ambition and genuine documentary value. An examination of the columns, Notas de Prensa 1980-84, and the reportage, Noticia de un secuestro [1996], leads to the following finding: the attempt at aesthetic transformation that runs throughout these works confirms what was already obvious in the initial period (1948-1961), the consolidation of a singular level in his work that approaches in a subsidiary but not subordinate manner his literary works proper. This quest can be seen definitively in all his reportage work, the area in which the approach to the documentary material borders on that of the novel form. The key to this transposition of rhetorical and narrative recourse to non-fiction would appear to be found in the style –its inalterable nature. It is in this way that the interplay between the two fields of his writing proves to be so rich; both ultimately strive for a poetical vision of reality and they independently validate their representative processes. However, this converging trend also contains some areas of tension, not least of which when the author allows himself to digress in his columns into what is nothing less than a brief sketch of a fictional work. In contrast, in the reportage intended to be written as a novel, a strict adherence to the investigation itself becomes increasingly crucial. It is in this way that his journalism can be seen as both a precursor in the Colombian press and as part of a universal current.

This thesis deploys Homi Bhabha's perspective of postcolonial literary theory as a critical procedure to examine particular instances of fiction, as well as reportage on Botswana. Its unifying interest is to pinpoint the shifting nature or reality of Botswana and, by extension, of African identities. To that end, I use Bhabha's concept of liminality to inform the work of writers such as Unity Dow, Alexander McCall Smith, and instances of reportage (by Rupert Isaacson and Caitlin Davies), from the 1990s to date. The aims of the thesis are, among other things, to establish the extent to which Homi Bhabha's appropriation of the term liminality (which derives from Victor Turner's notion of limen for inbetweenness), and its application in the postcolonial context inflects the reading of the above works whose main motifs include the following: a contestation of any views which privilege one culture above another, challenging a jingoistic rootedness in one culture, and promoting an awareness of the existence of several, interlocking or even clashing realities which finally produce multiple meanings, values and identities. In short, it is proposed that identity is not a given but rather a product of a lived reality and therefore a social construct, something always in process. The thesis begins by theorizing liminality in Chapter 1 within the context of Homi Bhabha's understanding and interrogation of the colonial discourse. This is followed by the contextualization of liminality through the reading of, firstly, the fiction of Unity Dow in Chapters 2 and 3, and then the "detective" fiction of Alexander McCall Smith in Chapters 4 and 5. In the discussion of these works, I also touch on instances of reportage which relate to the lives of the authors. In the case of Smith's "detective" fiction, for example, reportage refers to his incorporation of actual historical events and personages whose impact, I argue, suggests the liminality of culture. In Chapter 6, the idea of reportage varies slightly to denote works of fiction in which there is a great deal of historical fact. Thus Rupert Isaacson's The Healing Land: A Kalahari Journey and Caitlin Davies' Place of Reeds are treated as works of reportage in line with Truman Capote's application of that term. What comes out most evidently in this study is the shifting idea of (Botswana/African) identity. It should be noted that rather than present an all-embracing account of the fiction on Botswana, the study only looks at the selected examples of writing and reportage. / University of South Africa National Research Foundation / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)

Cette thèse est consacrée aux questions de réception et d'institutionnalisation de la photographie documentaire et de la photographie de reportage à partir de 1937 jusqu'aux années 1970 au Museum of Modem Art (MoMA) de New York. Le premier chapitre revient sur la genèse et les enjeux de l'instauration de la straight photography comme canon d’une tradition esthétisante du médium et éclaire l’influence de la critique formaliste dans l'émergence d'un modernisme documentaire, exemplifié par la production de Walker Evans. De nombreux photographes dont les pratiques ne correspondaient pas aux idéaux de perfection technique de la straight photography ont de exclus des circuits de légitimation institutionnelle, en particulier les membres de la Photo League de New York. La photographie documentaire urbaine, développée en dehors de la doxa moderniste, fait l'objet du deuxième chapitre de cette étude. A. cet égard, une attention particulière est consacrée à l'œuvre critique d'Elizabeth McCausland, principale porte-parole de la fonction sociale de la photographie. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur la période de l’après-guerre. Dans ce nouveau contexte, les Américains sont à la recherche de nouveaux canons artistiques, qu'ils trouvent dans la photographie de reportage française, dont Henri Cartier-Bresson représente le chef de file. Ce chapitre dévoile les intérêts diplomatiques du modernisme dans les échanges transatlantiques avec la France, ainsi que ses intérêts économique à travers l'exemple d'André Kertész dont l'exposition au MoMA suscite l'envol de sa cote sur le marché naissant de la photographie dans les années 1970. / This thesis is dedicated to questions of reception and institutionalization of documentary photography and reportage photography from 1937 through to the 1970s at the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). The first chapter looks at the development and objectives of the advent of straight photography as a canon or an aestheticizing tradition of the medium, and sheds light on the influence of formalist criticism in the emergence of a form of documentary modernism, exemplified by the works of Walker Evans. Many photographers whose practices do not correspond to the ideals of technical perfection of straight photography were excluded from the circuits of institutional legitimization, particularly the members of the New York Photo League, Urban documentary photography, developed outside of the modernist doxa will be the subject of the second chapter of this study. In this respect, particular attention is paid to the critical work of Elizabeth McCausland, a major spokesperson for the social function of photography. The third chapter focuses on the post-war period. ln this new context. The Americans were looking for new artistic canons, which they found in French reportage photography, with Henri Cartier-Bresson leading the fray. Finally, this chapter reveals the diplomatic interests of modernism in Transatlantic exchanges with France, as well as its economic interests, taking André Kertész, as an example, whose exhibition at MoMA caused his works to suddenly rise in value on the inchoate photography market of the 1970s.

Den här uppsatsen utgår ifrån reportage ur reportageböckerna En piga bland pigor av Ester Blenda Nordström och Ok, amen: Om kärlek och fientlighet i chassidernas New York av Nina Solomin. Syftet är att, i jämförande form, ta reda på hur de gått till väga för att skildra en ny miljö i de utvalda reportagen ur respektive bok. Massmedieretorisk, lingvistisk och narratologisk analys blandas för att sätta ihop ett frågeschema med frågor som behandlar olika dimensioner av texterna. Det som undersöks är framför allt berättarteknik, berättarperspektiv, reporterroll och dolda värderingar, men också, utifrån narratologisk teori, hur olika typer av berättare påverkar texterna. Slutsatserna är att både Nordström och Solomin använder ett rikt bildspråk som förstärker stämningar och känslor och att de båda har tydliga aktörsroller i texterna. De dolda värderingar som visar sig i texterna hos båda reportrarna riktar framför allt kritik mot könsrollerna i de nya miljöerna. Det som skiljer dem åt är att Nordström i större utsträckning använder sig av värderande ord, överdrifter och adjektiv medan Solomin är mer för kontraster, och att Nordströms berättare är mer synlig och värderande än Solomins, vars texter oftare låter läsaren tolka det som händer själv.

<p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and potential of a non-styled home reportage, and how they influence and inspire to promote individual creativity.</p><p>Method: I have used a qualitative analysis to be able to create a deep understanding. This is based on three interviews with women in age 22-27, which have a dedicated interest in interior design. I have also sent questionnaires to two persons who run interior design blogs.</p><p>Conclusions: My analysis shows that the non-styled home reportage is the start of an inspirational process that is beyond consumption and status objects. It promotes individual creativity and willingness to create, based on personnel taste. The essay highlights the importance that the individual critically examines the aesthetics of interior design as presented in diverse media. It also shows that the media ought to broaden and show alternative images of inspiration.</p>

This thesis focuses on the historical development of radio reportage. The topic includes both political and technological aspects which radio reportage underwent within the Czech environment. All historical periods are described using concrete radio reportages which were broadcast during given terms. The reader can imagine how the radio reporters dealt with first the Germans and then the Soviets. It was the Czech Radio and its reporters who helped Czech people to overcome certain periods in our history. And so in this thesis we can find reportages broadcast during the second world war, right after the end of this war and during the highlights of the communist era - 1968 and 1989. This publication considers the original sources which are kept in the archive of the Czech Radio which is called Archivní a programové fondy Českého rozhlasu. However, this thesis also includes some contributions of contemporary journalists who are interested in history. It should help readers to improve the knowledge of this topics and to organize the development of radio reportage.

This thesis deals with the transformation of the thematic structure of Události, the main news segment of the Czech Television. Apart from the changes in the thematic structure, it deals with formal transformations at the basic level. For the purpose of this work, a research sample, which included one week of broadcasting in 1994, 2005 and 2011, was selected. A total of 27 news segments, which contained 341 reportages, were analyzed in the three research periods. A subsequent comparison of data provided answers to the following questions: How did the ratio of foreign and domestic topics changed? How did the ratio of hard and soft news change within a single news segment? What was the thematic structure like in the three research periods? Was there a change in the thematic structure? How did the duration of the news segment Události change? How did the number of reportages change within a single news segment? How did the duration of actual reportages change? Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Locus of an author poses questions of intentionality, how intention is discovered, expressed, hidden, revealed and interpreted. The purpose of the study is to find and apply productive interdisciplinary concepts in intentionality detection, decoding and evaluation in fictional texts. The investigation integrates traditions in literature, linguistics, cognitive science and creative writing, posing a pragmatics of intent that complements and complicates precepts in reader reception-based constructivism. Basic to a vision of pragmatic strategies: 1) situating effect and affect in an embodied mind; 2) acknowledging mutual and/or oppositional intentionalities which an embodied author and embodied reader bring to the process of fictional communication; 3) accepting language as communication that requires cognitive translation of consensually-agreed upon symbols into private representations in an embodied mind; 4) assuming that an author's fictionalizing consciousness is more discernible w hen it is navigating tensions of selection, proportion, intervention and perspective. Perceptual and close reading of J.M. Coetzee's Foe yields descriptive problematics. Analytical readings in a neglected byway of I.A. Richards' New Criticism provide pragmatic cues for detecting and evaluating intentionalities in prose. Three cross-disciplinary strategies emerge to enhance perceptual and close readings of fictional texts: 1) awareness of priming effects in form and content; 2) identification of markedness patterns; and 3) perception of tensible connections in prosaic language and artistic devices. / The study concludes that: reading in tensible awareness of author intentionality adds productively to critical analysis and argument; acknowledging positioned voices in texts supports ethical criticism and multicultural aesthetics; reading to apprehend perceptual units (image structures sensed through story) supports and contextualizes close reading of propositional units(discourse/language) . The formal element of perspective emerges as the most intensive locus of the reader's sense of integrated consciousness and management of effect in fiction. Perspective can create the most ergative construction of authorial perspective, i.e., one in which transitive energy appears equalized and the subject and patient / writer and reader positions in syntax can pivot. / by Lois Wolfe. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2008. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2008. Mode of access: World Wide Web.