Le BIM est actuellement en pleine explosion. Il s'appuie sur la progression des outils informatiques. Toutefois, la gestion de l'information au sein d'un projet d'infrastructure nécessite également l'utilisation de méthodologies et de concepts spécifiques comme les notions de « niveau de détail », de « niveau de développement » ou de « niveau d'abstraction ». Ils servent à décrire l'information pertinente à échanger entre acteurs, selon des objectifs de modélisation, en vue de répondre à des exigences identifiées. Dans le contexte spécifique des projets d'infrastructures, ces outils ne sont mal définis, insuffisants et amènent parfois à des modélisations contradictoires.Dans une optique de progression vers une conception en ingénierie concourante, notre travail de recherche apporte une contribution en deux parties. En se basant sur les principes de l'ingénierie système, la première partie consiste en une méthodologie d'identification des exigences à satisfaire et de l'information pertinente pour y répondre et contrôler cette réponse. La seconde partie décrit le modèle conceptuel de données. Il traite de la structuration des objets qui modélisent le projet en lien avec la structuration des exigences. Cette proposition s'accompagne d'une redéfinition de plusieurs types de niveaux existants (de détail, de développement, d'information, d'abstraction, etc.). Ces éléments sont éprouvés sur un projet d'autoroute en milieu urbain.Les échanges d'informations sont au cœur du BIM. Leur précision ainsi que la qualité des informations échangées participent à la réussite tant technique que managériale du projet.Notre proposition méthodologique permet de faire évoluer les pratiques et le regard que le secteur de la construction porte sur l'information qu'il crée. Elle participe également à la numérisation du secteur de la construction / However, the information management within an infrastructure project (road, rail, airport and other civil engineering works) also requires the use of specific methodologies and concepts like the concepts of ”level of detail” , ”level of development” or ”level of abstraction”. They are used to describe the relevant information that have to be exchanged between stakeholders, according to the modeling objectives in order to meet the project requirements. In the specific context of infrastructure projects, these tools are poorly defined, insufficient and sometimes bring to contradictory models.With a view to progress towards concurrent engineering design, our research is a contribution in two parts. Based on the principles of systems engineering, the first part is about to provide a methodology for requirements and relevant information identification to respond and control this response. The second part describes the project conceptual data model : it deals with the structure of the objects that model in connection with the requirements identification. This proposal is accompanied by a redefinition of several types of existing levels (detail, development, information, abstraction, etc.). These inputs are tested on a project of urban freeway in an industrial context.The exchange of information is at the center of BIM. The accuracy and quality of exchanged information participate in both technical and managerial project success. Our proposed methodology allows to change practices and the vision that the construction sector looks forward to the information it creates. It also participates in the digitalization of the construction sector

This thesis focuses on test management tools and automated testing. The project covers analysis of existing open source tools and proposes its own BDD orientated test management tool in the form of a web service. The project aims to specify and design this application based on the process of Behaviour driven development. The resulting application TestBuDDy allows for test library management. Changes on the test library are projected onto a remote repository of software under test (SUT) and triggers a test run (the test library is being run against SUT by the BDD framework). TestBuDDy is able to save the test run results, parse them into a report and generate and group found issues. The application also allows requirement management and user management. The application is integrated with the CI/CD tool Gitlab CI, the BDD framework JBehave and the issue tracker JIRA. The application is designed to help testers during their work and also to be expandable within the open source community.

This study explores stakeholder analysis and requirements engineering within an agile project at a system development company requesting a case management system. Stakeholder analysis is commonly explored in traditional project planning studies, such as the waterfall model. In agile projects, on the other hand, it is not common to have a project-planning phase or to carry out a stakeholder analysis, often due to that a stakeholder analysis entail a long and extensive documentation. Our study explores how Soft Systems Methodology can be used in an agile project-planning phase as well as how rich pictures from the SSM support requirements engineering. The study is based on an agile method in which the project-planning phase is expected to deliver a product log, and hence a requirements list. Requirements are collected, modelled and validated together with users in the form of user stories where role, goals and purpose are expressed in a sentence. Stakeholders and roles are identified and analyzed using methods in Soft Systems Methodology, like "finding-out" analyses. The result is then presented in so called rich pictures of the current situation and in a future desired situation. The data collection is carried out together with informants at the case company in the form of observations and semi-structured interviews. The result of the study indicates how rich pictures from SSM can support the start-up of an agile project. / Denna studie utforskar intressentanalys och kravinsamling inom ett agilt projekt på ett systemutvecklingsföretag som efterfrågar ett ärendehanteringssystem. Intressentanalyser är vanligt förekommande och utforskade i traditionella förstudier så som enligt vattenfallsmodellen. I agila projekt är det däremot vanligt att en förstudie inte utförs eller att förstudien inte innehåller en intressentanalys, ofta på grund av att intressentanalyser innebär lång och omfattande dokumentation. Vår studie utforskar hur Soft Systems Methodology kan användas i en agil förstudie samt hur rika bilder från SSM stöttar kravhantering. Studien utgår från an agil metod där förstudien förväntas leverera en produktlogg, där studiens fysiska bidrag blir en kravlista. Krav samlas in, modelleras samt valideras tillsammans med användare i formen av användarhistorier där roll, mål och syfte uttrycks i en mening. Intressenter och roller identifieras och analyseras med hjälp av metoder inom Soft Systems Methodology, som exempelvis ”finding out”-analys. Resultatet presenteras därefter i så kallade rika bilder över nuvarande situation samt i en framtida önskad situation. Datainsamlingen görs tillsammans med informanter på ett fallföretag i form av observationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utfallet av studien visar hur den rika bilden från SSM kan stödja uppstarten av ett agilt projekt.

[pt] As contratações de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) pelas organizações da Administração Pública Federal (APF) são regidas por lei. No caso específico, a Lei 8.666/1993, tem o objetivo de disciplinar as normas para contratos da APF, obrigando o planejamento da contratação. É permitida a alteração do escopo do contrato mediante aditivos. A literatura de Engenharia de Requisitos enfatiza que o processo de definição de requisitos evolui, no entanto, isso muitas vezes é desconsiderado. Logo, há um nítido conflito quanto à definição dos requisitos na contratação de TI na APF em consonância com a legislação vigente. A obrigação que a legislação impõe aos órgãos de conhecer e definir os requisitos precocemente à contratação pode acarretar em problemas no gerenciamento do contrato. Essa dicotomia entre a mutabilidade nos requisitos e a rigidez legal no processo de contratação inspirou uma pesquisa exploratória com organizações públicas. Nossa pesquisa deixou mais transparente os problemas vivenciados por esses órgãos nas contratações de soluções de TI. Fazemos uma análise prévia desses problemas e apontamos possíveis soluções. / [en] Acquisition of Information Technology (IT) by the Brazilian Federal Government is governed by law. In the specific case, the Law 8.666/1993 is intend to establish the rules for such contracts, forcing their planning. The Requirements Engineering literature emphasizes evolves in definition process but this is often disregard. Therefore, exists a clear conflict in requirements definition during the IT acquire in Brazilian Federal Government with current legislation. Define requirements obligation before software procurement is impose by law and can generate problems in contract management. This dichotomy among the mutability requirements and legal rigidity in the procurement process had inspired an exploratory research with public organizations. Our research provide transparency in problems experienced by these agencies in procurement of IT solutions. We prepared a preliminary analysis of these problems and pointed out possible solutions.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze how professional football players develop in theirprofessional roles, learn to manage requirements, and understand the implications for their identities andself-images in a high-performance sports environment. This was accomplished through a qualitativecase study involving seven semi-structured interviews with six football players and one football coachin a Swedish football team. These interviews were selected through convenience sampling to gain accessto the team, followed by purposive sampling in the selection of players within the team. The collectedempirical data was then processed using thematic analysis. The results of the study reveal how demandsaffect the overall experience of the professional role and, in turn, impact the self-image and identity ofthe players. It also emerged that there is a sense of shame associated with seeking help in managingdemands within the context of elite sports. The study's findings also suggest that there are conditions forlearning within the Community of Practice, but these are partially limited by the competitive situationamong players. This, in turn, can affect collective learning while simultaneously giving rise toexperiential learning at the individual level. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera hur professionella fotbollsspelare utvecklas isina yrkesroller och lär sig att hantera kravställningar, samt vad detta betyder för deras identiteter ochsjälvbilder i en högpresterande idrottsmiljö. Detta genomfördes genom en kvalitativ fallstudie med hjälpav sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex fotbollsspelare och en fotbollstränare i ett svensktelitfotbollslag. Dessa intervjupersoner valdes ut genom ett bekvämlighetsurval för att få tillgång tilllaget, och sedan ett målstyrt urval i valet av spelare inom laget. Den insamlade empirin bearbetadessedan med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visar på hur kravställningar påverkar den totalaupplevelsen av yrkesrollen, och hur det i sin tur har en påverkan på självbild och identitet för spelarna.Vidare framkom det även hur det förknippas med skam att behöva be om hjälp i att hanterakravställningar inom den idrottsliga elitkontexten. Studiens resultat tyder även på att det finnsförutsättningar för lärande i praktikgemenskapen, men som begränsas till viss del avkonkurrenssituationen mellan spelarna. Detta i sin tur kan påverka det gemensamma lärandet ochsamtidigt ge upphov till att erfarenhetsbaserade lärandet uppstår på individnivå.

To ensure the safety for both patients and personnel using medical equipment there are several regulations. The regulations differ between countries and the largest markets are the US and Europe. There are regulations regarding both risk and requirement management and for a digitized signature process. This report shows a way of digitizing parts of the quality management system and workflows that fulfills these requirements, including both an approval process and a requirement hierarchy. For the development of a digitized system several workshops and interviews were performed to understand the workflow used. This to reduce the changes in the new system where the existing processes worked, but at the same time make changes possible where the users noticed problems in the workflow earlier used. The main advantage of a digitized quality management system is that the linking between the different objects are easier to follow which gives a perspicuous traceability. A digitized system can generate reports, e.g. for traceability and requirement without a test, automatically that will decrease the manual work and by that both increase efficiency and reduce the risk of human errors.