[pt] A presente tese versa sobre o tema da acolhida da fé no contexto multicultural. Pretende-se evidenciar as contribuições oferecidas pela teologia de Karl Rahner para o crer hoje. Para tanto, acredita-se que seja pertinente a chave de leitura da inculturação da fé. Com esse intuito e fundamentada na teologia do autor, essa pesquisa visa destacar os elementos indispensáveis para pensar a fé e a inculturação. Deste modo, coube num primeiro momento elucidar em que consiste o diálogo entre fé e cultura, para em seguida, com base no método antropológicoteológico transcendental de Rahner e na perspectiva de sua compreensão de Revelação e fé, assinalar como sua reflexão ajuda a pensar tal relação. São, então, fundamentais as noções centrais do seu pensamento, tais como a de: Deusmistério e sua autocomunicação, a da experiência que a pessoa faz de si e de Deus, a da intrínseca relação entre fé e vida, a da relação entre a dimensão existencial e sobrenatural da Revelação e da Fé, e, por fim, a da unidade do amor ao ser humano e a Deus. Do mesmo modo, merecem destaque os diferentes aspectos inerentes à fé, como: a razão, a emoção, a dimensão espiritual... Neste âmbito, as diferentes culturas mostram que tais dimensões completam-se e são determinantes para a unidade da fé. Igualmente determinante é a verdade de que é no bojo da nossa cultura que se experimenta Deus e é nela que Ele se revela para nós. Rahner, assim, enfatiza a estreita relação entre fé e experiência e atribui um papel indispensável à mistagogia. Ou seja, o processo de, com base na experiência humana, conduzir a pessoa ao mistério indisponível. / [en] This thesis addresses the theme of acceptance of faith in a multicultural context. We intend to highlight the contributions of Karl Rahner’s theology for contemporary believing, and therefore we consider the conception of inculturation to be appropriate. The research then aims to highlight the essential elements to be taken into account when it comes to thinking faith and inculturation. We firstly clarify what constitutes the dialogue between faith and culture. Then we focus on the author’s understanding on such relation on the basis of his transcendentalanthropological method in theology and his understanding of revelation and faith. Consequently, the fundamental notions of his thinking are central. We refer to notions like the one of God as a mystery and his self-communication, the personal experience of the self and God, the intrinsic relationship between faith and life, the relationship between the existential and supernatural dimension of Revelation and faith, and the unity of love of man and God. Likewise, we note the different aspects related to faith, such as: reason, emotion and spiritual dimension. In this sense, the different cultures show that such dimensions are complementary and crucial to the unity of faith. Equally crucial is the truth that it is at the core of our culture that God is experienced and this is exactly where God reveals himself to us. Rahner, therefore, emphasizes the close relationship between faith and experience and says that mystagogy plays a vital role in the process of guiding the man to the unavailable mystery, based on the proper human experience.

[pt] O ser humano é incontestavelmente um ser que se destaca dos demais tipos de vida existentes na terra. O teólogo suíço Emil Brunner entende este diferencial da dignidade humana a partir da compreensão teológica de que o ser humano foi criado segundo a Imagem de Deus. Mesmo diante da maldade humana, ainda assim, o ser humano é reconhecido pela teologia cristã como alguém que está em relação com Deus, por isso é responsável. São nestas duas características humanas que Brunner enxerga os traços da Imagem de Deus na existência humana. Pois somente um ser que é relacional (portanto livre e sujeito) e responsável pode ser um interlocutor de Deus, e assim ser capaz de receber e transmitir o amor que procede de Deus. Mas o ser humano pecador vive mal a sua relação e responsabilidade, pois encontra-se em um estado de pecado, que é rebelião e inimizade contra Deus. Em Jesus Cristo o ser humano tem restaurada a sua relação e responsabilidade com Deus, a Imagem de Deus é restaurada à situação que Deus quer que ela esteja. Sendo assim, nesta dissertação tratamos da teologia brunneriana em sua compreensão sobre a Imagem de Deus no ser humano antes do pecado, no estado de pecado, e à luz da revelação de Jesus Cristo. / [en] The human being is clearly a being that stands out from other types of life existing on earth. The Swiss theologian Emil Brunner understands this human dignity differential from the theological comprehension that the human being was created according to God`s Image. Even in the face of human evil, the human being is recognized by the Christian theology as someone who is in relation with God, for this reason he is responsible. These are two human characteristics that Brunner sees traces of the God`s image in human existence. Because only a being that is relational (i.e. subject and free) and responsible can be God`s interlocutor and thus be able to receive and transmit the love that comes from God, But the sinful human being lives badly its relationship and responsibility because it is in a state of sin, which is rebellion and enmity against God. In Jesus Christ the human being has restored its relationship and responsibility to God, the God`s Image is restored to the situation that God wants. Thus, this dissertation deals of the brunneriana`s theology in his understanding on God`s image in man before the sin, the state of sin and over the light of Jesus Christ`s revelation.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o texto da Carta à Comunidade de Éfeso (Ap 2,1-7), suas características literárias gerais, a estrutura, o gênero literário, a finalidade, o contexto da comunidade na sua vivência cristã, os desafios e as respostas que esta encontrou durante a perseguição do Império Romano e na adversidade do pluralismo religioso do período pós- apostólico (96-130 d.C.), construindo alguns caminhos para que as comunidades cristãs do nosso tempo também possam responder aos seus próprios desafios. Por meio de uma abordagem de natureza bibliográfica, realizou-se uma revisão de estudos a partir do eixo texto-contexto, utilizando-se o procedimento de análise de conteúdo em dois níveis: análise crítica ou contextual e análise textual. O primeiro capítulo apresenta, na história, o contexto de onde surgiu o texto: o tempo, a realidade sociopolítica, econômica e religiosa da Ásia Menor e da cidade de Éfeso no século I d.C., a perseguição e a pluralidade religiosa em que viveram os cristãos da comunidade dos efésios, no período pós-apostólico. Também são analisados, nesse capítulo, os reflexos do momento histórico de perseguição e pluralismo religioso na prática e vivência dos cristãos da comunidade de Éfeso, ajudando a elucidar os caminhos encontrados pelos cristãos dessa comunidade a responder os desafios trazidos pela perseguição do Império Romano e pela pluralidade religiosa da Ásia Menor. No segundo capítulo são abordadas as características literárias gerais, a origem e a formação do movimento apocalíptico, o tempo, o lugar, os destinatários, a estrutura, o gênero literário e a finalidade do texto de Ap 2,1-7. O terceiro capítulo, por fim, apresenta a análise do caminho percorrido pelas Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, no Brasil e na Diocese de Rondonópolis MT, a reflexão e a construção de algumas respostas, à luz de Ap 2,1-7, de como as comunidades do nosso tempo podem responder aos seus desafios. Olhar para as comunidades da terceira geração cristã consistiu em exercício analítico, inspirando alternativas para a vida em comunidade que precisam ser construídas diante dos desafios que atingem a vida cristã de nossa época. O texto de Ap 2,1-7 serve, assim, como parâmetro e é revelador de nossa identidade cristã, que deve permanecer a mesma em tempo de adversidades e nos impulsionar para um testemunho e uma fidelidade mais entusiasmada no seguimento de Jesus. / The objective of the research was to analyze the text in the Letter to the Christian Community of Ephesus. (Ap 2,1-7), the general literary characteristics, the structure, the literary genre, the purpose, the context of the community in its Christian way of life, the challenges and responses during persecution in the Roman Empire and in the adversity of religious pluralism in the post-apostolic time (96-130 AD), thus building some ways to help the present Christian communities to face their own challenges. By means of a bibliographical approach, a study review was conducted, based on the axis text-context, with the adoption of content analysis on two levels: critical or contextual analysis and text analysis. The first chapter presents the historical context in which the text was produced: time and sociopolitical, economic and religious reality in Asia Minor and in the city of Ephesus in the 1st century AD, the persecution and religious plurality of the Christians in the Ephesians community, during the post-apostolic period. The chapter also brings the reflections of the historical moment of persecution and religious plurality in the practice and life of the Christians in the Ephesians community, in order to help elucidate the steps they took to respond to the challenges caused by the persecution in the Roman Empire and the religious plurality in Asia Minor. The second chapter is about the general literary characteristics, the origin and the formation of the apocalyptic movement, the time, the place, the addressees, the structure, the literary genre and the purpose of the text in Ap 2,1-7. The third chapter presents the analysis of the path taken by the Base Ecclesial Communities in Brazil and in the Diocese of Rondonopolis MT, the reflection and the construction of some responses, in light of Ap 2,1-7, of how communities may respond to the present challenges. Looking at the third generation of Christian communities has been an analytical exercise, inspiring alternatives for community life that need to be built in face of the challenges posed to Christians in our time. The text in Ap 2,1-7 may be taken as a parameter, for it reveals our Christian identity, an identity that should not be subject to change in adverse times and that should lead us to a more enthusiastic testimony and fidelity in following Jesus.

Orientador: Rogério Elpídio Chociay / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Nolasco dos Santos / Banca: Norma Wimmer / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe uma investigação do espaço em O primo Basílio, de Eça de Queiroz. Para isso são utilizados os postulados de teóricos como Osman Lins (1976), Gaston Bachelard (1980), Michel Butor (1974) e George Poulet (1992). Mostraremos de que forma essa categoria rompe com o limite de meras descrições permeadas de detalhes e transforma-se num elemento de revelação e, consequentemente, de significativa importância para a construção do sentido dessa narrativa. Analisaremos imagens de ambientes e dos móveis e objetos que os decoram, na tentativa de colocá-los como elementos simbólicos e plurissignificativos que permitem, inclusive, que se capte o olhar irônico do narrador perante as questões sociais do final do século XIX. Objetivamos, assim, discutir as diversas definições e funções que o espaço pode receber e por meio de um estudo das imagens que o compõe nessa narrativa queirosiana mostraremos de que forma e com que intensidade a categoria se metamorfoseia e se manifesta sob as mais variadas nuanças participando ativamente da construção do conflito dramático / Abstract: This paper proposes an investigation of space O primo Basílio, by Eça de Queiroz. For this are used as theoretical postulates of Osman Lins (1976), Gaston Bachelard (1980), Michel Butor (1974) and George Poulet (1992). Show how this category breaks the limit of mere descriptions permeated the details and becomes an element of revelation and therefore of significant importance for the construction of the meaning of this narrative. Environments and analyze images of furniture and objects that decorate them, trying to put them as symbolic elements and plurissignificatives allowing even look that captures the narrator's ironic social issues before the end of the nineteenth century. Our objective, therefore, discuss the various definitions and roles that space and can receive through a study of images that compose this narrative queirosiana show how and with what intensity the category is metamorphosed and manifest itself in many different nuances participating actively in the construction of dramatic conflict / Mestre

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Tendo como sua problemÃtica central a questÃo da visibilidade conferida aos personagens gays de telenovelas, que se encontram âsaindo do armÃrioâ, em outing, ou seja, quando se assumem e tornam pÃblica a sua orientaÃÃo sexual, a pesquisa se localiza num contexto televisivo, onde as performances das relaÃÃes homo-direcionadas foram, historicamente, marginalizadas e tiveram de se ajustar a uma sociedade marcada pela heteronorma. A esse modelo disciplinador e hierÃrquico de sexos e gÃneros, colocam-se algumas reflexÃes, sem que se percam de vista as formaÃÃes discursivas que procuram criminalizar, moralizar, patologizar, invisibilizar essas masculinidades dissidentes. De igual modo, resta saber se as chamadas ânarrativas de revelaÃÃoâ e suas representaÃÃes imbricadas emergem na teledramaturgia brasileira no sentido de afirmar criativa e positivamente a sua posiÃÃo identitÃria ou re-inscrever clichÃs baseados em uma sÃrie de estigmas e preconceitos a seu respeito. Toma-se a telenovela âBabilÃniaâ como estudo de caso e analisa-se a produÃÃo discursiva em torno das cenas e diÃlogos centrados nos personagens Ivan e SÃrgio, a fim de se restituir o movimento que leva da sujeiÃÃo, condensada pela figura do armÃrio, à reinvenÃÃo de si mesmo. AtravÃs do encontro promovido entre esses dois sujeitos no decorrer da narrativa, tenta-se contemplar suas experiÃncias de vida, modos de existÃncia e seus marcadores de diferenÃa sÃcio-econÃmico, Ãtnico-racial e geracional. Ao se incitar por essas questÃes, a pesquisa adota a âhermenÃutica de profundidadeâ como referencial metodolÃgico, a partir do seu âenfoque trÃpliceâ, que engloba os campos das condiÃÃes de produÃÃo, da construÃÃo das mensagens e da recepÃÃo e apropriaÃÃo dos discursos atinentes a esses personagens. Daà se importe saber atà que ponto, nesse contexto particular, o casal gay foi atravessado por usos e efeitos exteriores à sua produÃÃo e a que preÃo os personagens puderam expressar revelando, discursiva e corporalmente, o que sentiam um pelo outro, em meio a tÃticas e censuras da autoria e boicotes de parte da audiÃncia.

M.A. (Bible Studies) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This dissertation offers an account of the different ways in which putatively idealist and transcendental models of sociality, which grounded the subject’s relation to other human beings in the subject’s own cognition, were rejected and replaced. Scrapping this account led to a variety of models of sociality which departed from the subject as the ground of sociality, positing grounds outside of the subject. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Emmanuel Levinas, Franz Rosenzweig, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer represent alternative positions along a spectrum of models of sociality which reject the idealist concept of sociality. The central argument of this dissertation claims that the responses to idealism and transcendental models of sociality ultimately find fault with an inadequate ontology, one which grounds sociality (as well as all of reality) in the cognition of the subject. The ontology of the transcendental model locates the subject as initially unconnected to other subjects such that the first move in relating them together must be epistemological. The social relation is grounded in the subject’s cognitive grasp. Each of the thinkers I examine identifies this as the key problem with idealism; however, their solutions to this problem differ. The differing solutions of Gadamer, Levinas, Rosenzweig, and Bonhoeffer can be identified as occupying different representative positions along a continuum, call it the “scale of social grounding.” What I offer here is a topography of responses to the idealist model of sociality. The ontological ground of sociality, instead of being the subject, is posited as situation of dialogue (Gadamer), the face of the other (Levinas), or divine revelation (Rosenzweig and Bonhoeffer). In each of these alternative models, we see that the subject is conditioned rather than autonomous, that sociality is enacted through temporality and language, and that sociality is principally a normative relation rather than an epistemological one. The story that emerges from my analysis, then, is a richer topography of responses to idealism than has hitherto been mapped out. The responses, represented by Gadamer, Levinas, Rosenzweig, and Bonhoeffer each provide an alternative ontology on which any adequate model of sociality must rest. While my account of the spectrum of ontological responses to idealist sociality does not claim to be exhaustive, it does give a better topography of the field of responses than has hitherto been offered in studies of models of sociality in the 20th century. Finally, this dissertation shows the centrality of providing an alternative ontology to idealism in these projects. Far from rejecting ontology wholesale or merely offering moral revisions to the existing social order, each of the figures I examine in this study radically revise the ground of sociality by articulating a fresh ontological vision which can support social life.

Karl Jaspers is a thinker who tries in his philosophy to formulate a non-religious concept of faith. The thesis wants to clarify this "philosophical faith", which constitutes for Jaspers an answer to the question, "by what and toward what shall we live". Jaspers characterizes his philosophical faith as a "faith of a thinking man", which lay in grounds of philosophizing itself. On the one hand, philosophical faith (and philosophy itself) is different from the knowledge and science, because it cannot be reduced to a mere content; on the other hand, it is different from the religious faith and religion itself, mainly because it cannot accept the traditional Christian revelation. Finally, philo- sophical faith can be characterized as a communicative manner of life, which wants to reach the maximum possible level of understanding by all people. Keywords Karl Jaspers, philosophical faith, transcendence, existence, religion, revelation, communication

This paper focuses on some areas related to the topic of the Ten Commandments. Main part is a translation of chosen chapters of the work Tiferet Yisrael. Namely Chapters 33-36, which describes the opinion of the author (Rabbi Loew) on this topic. The translation is accompanied by commentary, which make it more comprehensive, and it is compared with texts that are in the environment of traditional Judaism deemed as essential. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

M.A. / The main aim of the research was to make the book of Revelation, often considered as a marginal book within the context of the Christian Bible, more accessible for contemporary readers. The study's first focus is on the contextualization of the creation of this book. The most accepted time frame in which this text was written is around 95-96 AD. The social-historical context in those years was investigated and possible crisis and conflict elements identified. Hypotheses about authorship was developed concluding that Revelation was probably written by a Jew who was part of an itinerant group which was viewed as apocalyptic prophets. The structure of the book of Revelation was investigated, as it is essential for the analysis of the contents. It was found that scholarship has not yet reach consensus of the book of Revelation. Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza nonetheless found general approval among scholars and thus was this chiastic surface structure applied on the book of Revelation. Other models of interpretation were investigated as well as key terminology. The focus then moved to feminist theology. It's origins, key terminology, important contributors and its contributions in the world were investigated. A couple of the new feminist hermeneutical and exegetical models that have been developed during the last decade were research concentrating especially on the twelve tenets developed from the notion of Denise Carmody's pillars of feminist theology. Revelation is interpreted by using these twelve tenets namely the quest for truth, meaning, justice, equality, love, hope, beauty, identity, empowerment, unity, happiness/fulfilment and freedom. Finally, this analysis is briefly evaluated in order to establish if the main aims namely: to arrive at a fresh interpretation of Revelation, making the book of Revelation more accessible to its readers, evaluating the book's relevance for today and developing the means to lead more believers or other readers from fear to freedom, was accomplished. The study concluded that this method had the potential to contribute towards a fresh interpretation of the apocalypse, and the identification of a meaningful message in the narrative. However, using this method exclusively in the exegetical analysis of the book of Revelation, tended to narrow the focus down to only a limited aspect of this rich and varied text. The findings of this research project suggested that, with further refinement, the Carmody-derived research process could fruitfully be used in conjunction with other feminist hermeneutical and exegetical models. Integrated in this manner, it has the potential to contribute towards a change in interpretive perspective and practice.