This thesis analyses the responses of Irish writers and painters to a phase of national self-assertion that had arguably lost its liberating potential. It shows how the exhaustion of revolutionary pressures in Ireland after independence complicates the ties between creative activity and political activism. Drawing on a wide range of scholarship within political theory, literary criticism and art history, I chart an emerging network of literary and artistic techniques that confronts the representational aesthetics of the nation with strategies of paradox, reversal and renewal. My readings of the work of Denis Devlin, Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, Mainie Jellett, Jack Butler Yeats and, in particular, Thomas McGreevy, provide a means by which to distinguish other cultural possibilities that were imagined and pursued from 1922 to 1941, including McGreevy’s own aspiration to remould 'A Cultural Irish Republic'. The thesis argues that Ireland's political and artistic avant-garde were forcibly divided during this period: two factions that had been split apart by the effects of civil war and censorship. As such it will be preoccupied with a central question: how to sustain cultural strategies of revolutionary significance when the frontier between creative activity and political activism can no longer be straightforwardly crossed.

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“Resonant Texts” draws from literary criticism, history, biography, media theory, and the history of technology to examine representations of sound and acts of listening in modern experimental fiction and drama. I argue that sound recording technology, invented in the late 19th century, equipped 20th century authors including James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Ralph Ellison, and Samuel Beckett with new resources for depicting human consciousness and experience. The works in my study feature what I call “close listening,” a technique initially made possible by the phonograph, which forced listeners to focus exclusively on what they heard without the presence of an accompanying image. My study examines the literary modernists’ acute attention to the auditory in their goal to accurately represent the reality of the subjective, perceiving self in increasingly urban, technologically advanced environments.

À partir d’un dispositif théorique et méthodologique emprunté au structuralisme figuratif de Gilbert Durand, ce mémoire propose une exploration du Mythe de la Fin du Monde dans quelques unes de ses manifestations romanesques et théâtrales. Les postulats de base qui fondent notre démarche sont au nombre de trois : a) l’œuvre littéraire possède toujours un substrat mythique ; b) un mythe représente un noyau de mythèmes, dont le trait définitoire est la redondance ; c) il n’y a pas de version privilégiée ou primitive du mythe, qui doit être vu comme une constante de l’esprit humain. Au niveau des applications pratiques, notre travail s’articule en deux démarches complémentaires, reprises d’une section à l’autre. Dans un premier temps, en nous appuyant sur le corpus romanesque – où le mythe nous semble abondant et complet – nous identifions les redondances internes et génériques que nous qualifions de «mythèmes». Dans un second temps, nous vérifions la présence et le fonctionnement de ces mythèmes dans le corpus dramatique. / Within the theoretical and methodological framework of the figurative structuralism devised by Gilbert Durand, this work sets out to explore the Myth of the End of the World based on two corpora: five novels and two plays. Three main postulates underlie our research: a) the literary work is always based on a mythical substratum; b) myth is an aggregation of mythemes, whose defining characteristic consists in their redundancy; c) myth is a constant of the human spirit and therefore none of its versions takes precedence over another. As far as the applications of the theory are concerned, our work is articulated in two distinct phases, repeated form one section to another. Based on the body of novels, where the myth manifests itself in its most complete and abundant form, phase 1 is devoted to the identification of redundancies, both internal to each work and generic, that are categorized as mythemes. Phase 2 verifies their presence in the body of plays.

IN ENGLISH The primary concern of this thesis is to explore the instances of incorporation of media-specific elements extracted and translated from radio and cinema into Samuel Beckett's late prose. The analysis of the texts forming Beckett's Nohow On trilogy is based on the investigation of the two modes of perception - the aural and the visual - and is realised through the close reading of Company, Ill Seen Ill Said, and Wostward Ho in the context of media and film theory and practice. The chief premise is that the formal translations among the print and non-print media in Beckett's work are conditioned by the author's interest in, and theoretical and practical familiarity with, radio, television, and cinematography. The discussion is thus supported by biographical and bibliographical framework, and Beckett's familiarity with the specificities of broadcast media and cinema is considered in their direct relation to the progressive 'technologisation' of his fiction of the 1980s. The thesis outlines the origins and transformations of the motif of voice as one of Beckett's chief fictional concerns, and explores the texts' practical and notional borrowings from the field of cinematography to elucidate the way in which they are designed to simulate perceptual experiences. In doing so, the individual...

À partir d’un dispositif théorique et méthodologique emprunté au structuralisme figuratif de Gilbert Durand, ce mémoire propose une exploration du Mythe de la Fin du Monde dans quelques unes de ses manifestations romanesques et théâtrales. Les postulats de base qui fondent notre démarche sont au nombre de trois : a) l’œuvre littéraire possède toujours un substrat mythique ; b) un mythe représente un noyau de mythèmes, dont le trait définitoire est la redondance ; c) il n’y a pas de version privilégiée ou primitive du mythe, qui doit être vu comme une constante de l’esprit humain. Au niveau des applications pratiques, notre travail s’articule en deux démarches complémentaires, reprises d’une section à l’autre. Dans un premier temps, en nous appuyant sur le corpus romanesque – où le mythe nous semble abondant et complet – nous identifions les redondances internes et génériques que nous qualifions de «mythèmes». Dans un second temps, nous vérifions la présence et le fonctionnement de ces mythèmes dans le corpus dramatique. / Within the theoretical and methodological framework of the figurative structuralism devised by Gilbert Durand, this work sets out to explore the Myth of the End of the World based on two corpora: five novels and two plays. Three main postulates underlie our research: a) the literary work is always based on a mythical substratum; b) myth is an aggregation of mythemes, whose defining characteristic consists in their redundancy; c) myth is a constant of the human spirit and therefore none of its versions takes precedence over another. As far as the applications of the theory are concerned, our work is articulated in two distinct phases, repeated form one section to another. Based on the body of novels, where the myth manifests itself in its most complete and abundant form, phase 1 is devoted to the identification of redundancies, both internal to each work and generic, that are categorized as mythemes. Phase 2 verifies their presence in the body of plays.

Ce travail de recherche se propose d’analyser le rapport de Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) à la danse ainsi que la relation de deux chorégraphes contemporains Dominique Dupuy (1930-) et Maguy Marin (1951-) à ses œuvres. La première partie démontre que Samuel Beckett a été influencé par la danse moderne qu’il a découverte dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Son écriture est devenue plus gestuelle et son propos plus politique. Ainsi, aux corps sains et glorieux promus par les arts nazis, oppose-t-il dans son premier théâtre les corps vulnérables travaillés par la vieillesse et les handicaps, ceux d’hommes que le IIIe Reich a voulu rendre superflus. En 1953, la danse de Lucky d’En attendant Godot est un moyen de dire l’innommable de cette violence. En 1981, la danse de Quad fait resurgir les fantômes du passé pour prévenir le retour du pire. Comment le dire ? La danse, un art du « non mot » participe à cette recherche qui traverse l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett. Ce dont on ne peut pas parler, c’est cela qu’il faut danser. Dans un deuxième temps, cette étude montre comment les œuvres de Samuel Beckett sont à leur tour inductrices de danses où les êtres vulnérables résistent et appellent au care. Danser avec Oh les beaux jours, Acte sans paroles et Cap au pire permet à Dominique Dupuy d’interroger les possibles du grand âge et d’en transformer les représentations. A partir de Fin de partie, Maguy Marin écrit en 1981 May B, une pièce chorégraphique, aux antipodes de la danse performante, qui rend visibles les handicaps. Son œuvre invite à une lecture actualisante de l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett prenant en considération la condition des personnes handicapées et permettant d’entrevoir la possibilité d’une société plus inclusive. La dernière partie témoigne qu’une lecture éthique des œuvres de Samuel Beckett et de leurs projections chorégraphiques peut devenir le vecteur de pratiques d’inclusion et d’émancipation par l’école. Telle est la vocation du projet Meeting Beckett mené en 2016-2017 en partenariat avec le chorégraphe K Goldstein, avec les élèves en situation de handicap d’un dispositif Ulis (Unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire) et ceux d’une classe de 5ème. Il s’agit enfin de se demander dans quelle mesure les pratiques artistiques peuvent susciter de nouveaux gestes professionnels à l’école et initier une dynamique inclusive, capable de faire une place à chacun et chacune au sein de la société. / This research analyses the relationship of Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) to dance and the relationship of two contemporary choreographers Dominique Dupuy (1930-) and Maguy Marin (1951-) to his works. The first part shows that Samuel Beckett was influenced by the modern dance he discovered between the two World Wars. His writing became more gestural and his discourse more political. Thus, to the healthy and glorious bodies promoted by the Nazi arts, he opposed in his first theatre the vulnerable bodies weakened by old age and disabilities, those of men whom the Third Reich wanted to make superfluous. In 1953, Lucky's dance in Waiting for Godot is a way of telling the unnamable of this violence. In 1981, the dance of Quad brings back the ghosts of the past to prevent the return of the worst. How to say? Dance, an art of the "non word", is part of this research that runs through Samuel Beckett's work. What one can't talk about is what one has to dance about. Secondly, this study shows how Samuel Beckett's works induce dances in which vulnerable beings resist and call for care. Dancing with Happy days, Act Without Words I and Worstward Ho allows Dominique Dupuy to question the possibilities of old age and transform its representations. Starting with Endgame, Maguy Marin wrote May B in 1981, a choreography miles apart from high-performance dance, which makes disabilities visible. Her work offers an updated reading of Samuel Beckett's work that takes into consideration the condition of disabled persons and allows us to envision the possibility of a more inclusive society. The last part shows that an ethical reading of Samuel Beckett's works and their choreographic projections can become the vector of inclusion practices and emancipation at school. This is the vocation of the Meeting Beckett project conducted in 2016-2017 in partnership with choreographer K Goldstein, with disabled pupils from an Ulis (Unité localisée pour l'inclusion scolaire) and 5th graders. Finally, we need to ask ourselves to what extent artistic practices can encourage new professional gestures at school and initiate an inclusive dynamic, capable of giving a place for everyone in society.

En mettant en scène Warten auf Godot en 1975 au Schiller Theater, Beckett déclare : « Je ne connaissais rien au théâtre quand j’ai écrit cette pièce. » Constat précieux : l’auteur parle au passé. Entre l’écriture et la mise en scène, un savoir a été acquis. Le défaut de savoir constaté concerne la dimension pratique du théâtre. C’est le théâtre tel qu’il se fait auquel Beckett s’est peu à peu confronté, jusqu’à assumer la mise en scène de ses propres pièces. Devenu praticien, l’auteur s’empare de se première œuvres, les reprend : dans cette reprise lui apparaissent les failles et les manques initiaux. Loin de relever d’une continuité ou d’une évidence, la mise en scène par l’auteur de son premier théâtre et les réécritures auxquelles elle donne lieu offrent un aperçu sur la façon dont l’intériorisation par Beckett de deux fonctions qui ont joué un rôle fondamental dans l’histoire du théâtre au XXe siècle soumet ses pièces à une dynamique de création seconde qui fait évoluer sa poétique initiale. Beckett ne considère pas l’œuvre écrite comme une partition dont il faudrait assumer l’exécution. Au contraire, au fil de sa pratique scénique, il les dramatise et les théâtralise, témoignant de l’évolution même de sa conception du théâtre. Il passe d’un « théâtre rêvé » à un « théâtre pratiqué ». Dans ce passage se dévoilent les méandres et les détours d’une écriture dramatique façonnée initialement dans un creuset romanesque, qui va progressivement acquérir une théâtralité plus marquée. La pratique soumet alors la poétique à une dynamique de reprise et d’ajustements dévoilant en définitive un « Beckett en mouvement », qui allie pratique scénique et poétique du drame pour fonder une poétique théâtrale complexe. / While staging Warten auf Godot in 1975 at the Schiller Theater, Beckett says : « I knew nothing about theater when I wrote this. » The use of the past tense points out the fact that between the writing process and the staging process, something has been learnt. What he did ignore is theater as an artistic practice, as a performance. He will discover it progressively during the 1950’s and the 1960’s and eventually will become the director of his own plays. Our work aims at showing how this shift from desk to stage will lead him to rewrite them, carrying on the creative process directly from the theatre, and, in return, how his very conception of directing is shaped by the singularity of these plays. Far from considering stage directing as a mere execution of the stage directions, Beckett dramatizes and theatricalises his works. Thus, his very conception of theater evolves from an abstract vision, drama as it appears in a literary form, to very a practical one, transforming the very theatricality at stake in his plays. Stage directing and theatre writing are then offering a constant interface, which leads to the emergence of what may be called a theatrical creation in which practical standpoint and literary creation are linked together.

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This thesis is an attempt to de-construct the linear way in which I describe my work. I am attempting to deal with my family’s background in the theater and identity as a Texan. In addition I am attempting to address my interest in phenomenological concerns. This document was created in Microsoft Word 2000. The video portions of the video were edited on Imovie HD and Final Cut Pro, while the audio text was recorded from TextEdit’s text to speech program.