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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

En interventionsstudies påverkan på self-efficacy hos ammande förstföderskor.

Sebraoui, Samy, Starke, Veronica January 2015 (has links)
Bakgrund: Kvinnor rekommenderas av Världshälsoorganisationen att amma exklusivt i sex månader och delvis i två år eller längre. Studier visar att amning har hälsofrämjande effekter på både modern och barnet. Trots detta är amningsförekomsten en sjunkande trend i Sverige. Råd och stöd av sjuksköterskor har betydelse för amningsförekomsten. Studier visar att mödrar som har hög self-efficacy till sin förmåga att amma, ammar i högre utsträckning. Syfte: Att undersöka om en intervention i form av evidensbaserad amningsinformation kan öka mödrars self-efficacy kring amning samt om förekomsten av exklusiv amning ökade när barnet var fyra veckor gammalt. Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvantitativ ansats och var baserad på en kvasiexperimentell före- och efter design med en kontrollgrupp (n=23) och en interventionsgrupp (n=27). Ett konsekutivt urval användes för att rekrytera förstföderskor. Interventionen bestod av en evidensbaserad amningsbroschyr samt strukturerad muntlig information med hjälp av ett blädderblock som gavs på BB. Mätning av self-efficacy genomfördes med hjälp av Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score-Short Form på BB samt när barnet var fyra veckor gammalt. Resultat: De mödrar som ammade exklusivt när barnet var fyra veckor gammalt hade högre self-efficacy till skillnad från de mödrar som ammade delvis. Skattningen av self-efficacy ökade inom båda grupperna från första till andra mättillfället. Interventionsgruppen skattade sig ha högre self-efficacy än mödrar i kontrollgruppen. Slutsats: Att mäta self-efficacy på BB kan indikera hur amningsförekomsten kommer att föreligga. Interventionen påverkade mödrarnas self-efficacy och förekomsten av exklusiv amning när barnet var fyra veckor. / Background: Women are recommended by the World Health Organization to breastfeed exclusively for six months and partially for two years or beyond. Studies show that breastfeeding has health benefits for both mother and infant. Despite this, the breastfeeding prevalence is declining in Sweden. Advice and support from nurses are important for the breastfeeding prevalence. Studies show that having high self-efficacy in relation to breastfeeding is associated with high prevalence of breastfeeding. Aim: To investigate whether an intervention in the form of evidence-based breastfeeding information can increase maternal self-efficacy in relation to breastfeeding and whether this increased the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding when the infant was four weeks old. Method: The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and was based on a quasiexperimental before-and-after design with a control group (n=23) and an intervention group (n=27). A consecutive sample was used for the recruitment of mothers, all primiparous. The intervention consisted of an evidence-based breastfeeding brochure and structured verbal information using a flipchart that was given at the postnatal ward. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured at the postnatal ward on BB and when the infant was four weeks old using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score-Short From. Result: Mothers who breastfed exclusively when the baby was four weeks old had higher selfefficacy compared to mothers who breastfed partially. Self-efficacy increased in both groups from the first to the second measurement. The intervention group had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy than mothers in the control group. Conclusion: Measuring maternal breastfeeding of self-efficacy at the postnatal ward can indicate future breastfeeding prevalence. The intervention had an impact on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding when the baby was four weeks old.
332

Det var kul att se klassen samarbeta : En kvalitativ fokusgruppstudie om högstadieelevers upplevelser av ett hälsoprojekt

Bengtson, Hannah January 2015 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka högstadieelevers upplevelser av ett hälsoprojekt. En högstadieklass i Uppsala län har under våren deltagit i ett pilotprojekt i syfte att utveckla metoder för fortsatta hälsofrämjande projekt samt på sikt förbättra ungdomarnas hälsa gällande ökad fysisk aktivitet, bättre kost- och sömnvanor samt en bättre sammanhållning i klassen. 19 av klassens 22 elever tackade ja till att delta i studien. Den kvalitativa metoden som använts för datainsamling är fokusgruppintervjuer. Eleverna fick tillsammans diskutera sina upplevelser, tankar och känslor kring hälsoprojektet och insatserna samt huruvida de har upplevt sin egen påverkan av projektets innehåll. Genom innehållsanalys plockades nio teman ut som senare bildade fyra kategorier. Kunskapsöverföring, samarbete och sammanhållning, klassens upplevelse av identitet, påverkan och delaktighet. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av eleverna inte upplevde att de fått märkbart ökad kunskap om hälsa, då många menade att informationens innehåll var sådant de visste sedan tidigare. Däremot menar de flesta att de upplevt en förändring inom klassen gällande samarbete och sammanhållning samt att samarbetsövningar är något de vill använda sig mer utav. En viktig sak som kom fram under intervjuerna var huruvida klassen uppfattade sin identitet och ställning på skolan. En slutsats som går att dra utifrån studiens resultat är att lyckad kunskapsöverföring och beteendeförändring är ytterst beroende av mottagarens tro på sin egen förmåga (self-efficacy) att utföra en förändring samt kopplat till individens intresse av förändring. En annan slutsats är att hälsofrämjande arbete för barn och ungdomar behöver vidareutveckla metoder för att nå goda hälsoresultat för målgruppen. Hälsorelaterade förändringar i tonåren antas vara starkt kopplat till intressen, grupptryck och attityder. / The aim of this study was to investigate high school students' experiences of a health project. A high school class in Uppsala participated in a health project during the spring of 2015. 19 of 22 students agreed to participate in this study and the qualitative method used for data collection was focus group interviews. Students were asked to discuss their experiences, thoughts and feelings about the health project and whether they have experienced their own influence on the content of the project. Using content analysis nine themes were found that formed four categories. Knowledge, cooperation and cohesion, conception of identity, influence and participation. The results showed that the majority of students do not feel they have markedly increased health knowledge. In contrast, the main results of the project seemed to consist of improved cooperation and shared stance in the class. The students expressed their need for further work of cooperation, in the form of collaborative exercises. One important thing that came up during the interviews was whether the class understood their identity and status of the school. Students' perception as to why their class was selected for the project was based on the class's bad reputation in the school and among teachers.
333

Motivation correlates of exercise in college women

Gardner, Julia Katherine 24 July 2012 (has links)
Possible selves represent how people think about their potential and about their future states (Markus & Nurius, 1986). To explore the cognitive processes involved in the decision to exercise, the possible selves (hoped-for and feared) of 93 undergraduate women at the University of Texas at Austin were examined, as were two self-efficacy constructs – scheduling and barrier self-efficacy. Most important hoped-for and feared possible selves related to exercise were categorized and analyzed. Physical and Health categories, followed by Personal and Spiritual, Occupation and Education, and Body Image were most commonly listed for hoped-for selves, while categories of Body Image, Health, and Personal and Spiritual, were most commonly cited for most important feared possible selves. Participants rated the importance, self-efficacy and outcome expectancy of their most important hoped-for and feared selves highly. Participants also felt highly efficacious in overcoming scheduling and barrier obstacles with regard to exercise. Comparisons were made across exercise levels, differentiating between those meeting or not meeting the recommended level of physical activity (Godin, 2011). Multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, were used to test for significant relationships between motivational variables and exercise. Steps taken to achieve the most important possible self (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.21 – 2.92), steps taken to avoid the most important feared self (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04 – 2.40), scheduling self-efficacy (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.18 – 2.10), and barrier self-efficacy (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04 – 2.40) were related to meeting the recommended level of physical activity, compared to not meeting the recommended level. These cross-sectional results suggest that the incorporation of college women’s possible selves and other motivational factors into interventions to increase women’s physical activity may be a promising area for future research. / text
334

Psykologprogramstudenters nivåer av upplevd self-efficacy, KASAM och framtidsoptimism under olika faser i utbildningen

Palm, David January 2015 (has links)
Psykisk ohälsa blir allt vanligare bland svenskar och ökar i synnerhet hos yngre vuxna – men hur kommer det sig att majoriteten fortfarande är friska? Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga nivåerna av upplevd self-efficacy (SE), känsla av sammanhang (KASAM), respektive framtidsoptimism (FO) hos Umeå Universitets psykologprogramstudenter. Studien undersökte även om det fanns några könsrelaterade skillnader i de tre beroendevariablerna, samt jämförde studenternas skattningar med värden från liknande svenska undersökningar. Resultatet visade att studenter i början av programmet skattar lägre nivåer av både SE och KASAM än de som befann sig i mitten, respektive slutet av utbildningen. Det fanns ingen signifikant könsskillnad. Jämförelserna påvisade en signifikant skillnad mellan psykologprogramstudenterna och deltagarna i tidigare studier. Studenterna skattade lägre nivåer på skalorna än åldersblandade urval, vilket troligtvis beror på att skattningarna tenderar att bli högre med stigande ålder och att rollen som student – i synnerhet när den är ny – kan innebära ökad osäkerhet och påfrestningar. / Mental health problems are becoming more common in the Swedish population, particularly among young adults - but how come the majority is still healthy? The purpose of this study was to map out the levels of perceived self-efficacy (SE), sense of coherence (SOC), and future oriented optimism (FO) of the students studying the psychologist program at Umeå University. The study also examined gender differences, and compared the students' estimates with values from similar Swedish studies. The results showed that students in the beginning of the program estimated lower levels of both SE and SOC than those who found themselves in the middle, and the end. There were no significant gender differences. The comparisons showed a significant difference between the psychologist students and participants in the other studies. The students estimated lower levels than did people with mixed ages, which is probably due to phenomenon that the estimates tend to rise with increasing age. Also, the role of being a student - especially when it is new - may involve increased levels of insecurity and stress.
335

Multiplication Achievement and Self-Efficacy in Third- and Fifth-Grade Students: Effects of Cross-Age Peer Tutoring and Skill Training

Dennis, Lisa Marie Giles January 2013 (has links)
Self-efficacy is the belief an individual has about his or her capabilities to successfully complete an activity. Self-efficacy stems from four sources: verbal persuasion, physiological states, past experiences, and vicarious experiences. Increases in self-efficacy in education are connected with an increase in academic achievement. The current study sought to answer the question of which of three treatment options would have the most positive effect on mathematical achievement and self-efficacy for correctly answering problems on a multiplication math test. Participants were third- and fifth-grade students identified by their teachers as struggling in math. Students either received training on skills designed to increase self-efficacy, participated in cross-age peer tutoring, or received a combination of both treatments. Achievement and self-efficacy were measured before and after treatment and four weeks following the end of treatment to measure the lasting effects.
336

AN ASSESSMENT OF TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY AND JOB SATISFACTION OF EARLY CAREER KENTUCKY AGRICULTURE TEACHERS

Blackburn, John Joseph 01 January 2007 (has links)
The United States is currently facing a shortage of qualified teachers; specifically, agricultural education has recorded shortages for several years. Many agriculture teachers will leave the profession well before retirement. Those teachers who leave the profession are often dissatisfied with their chosen career and exhibit low levels of teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. The purpose of this census study was to describe the current level of teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction among all early career Kentucky agriculture teachers (N = 80). The study also sought to determine if a relationship existed between teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction among early career Kentucky agriculture teachers. Teacher self-efficacy was measured through three constructs: student engagement, instructional practices, and classroom management. It was concluded that early career agriculture teachers in Kentucky are efficacious and generally satisfied with teaching. A variety of relationships were found to exist between each construct and overall job satisfaction between each group of teachers.
337

Påverkas motivation och egenskattad förmåga? : Utvärdering av mätverktyg för finansiell samordning / Is motivation and self rated sense of ability effected : an evaluation of gauge finacialcoordination

Torstensson, Maria, Jäderlund, Veronica January 2014 (has links)
Bakgrund Ohälsa bland arbetslösa är ett stort samhällsproblem. Med lågkonjuktur och ökning av arbetslöshet krävs även samhällsinsatser form av rehabilitering och arbetsmarknadsinsatser för att få människor tillbaka till sysselsättning och därmed ekonomisk självständighet. Syfte Syftet med studien är att belysa de förändringar som sker hos individer gällande motivation och tilltro till sin egen förmåga efter genomgånget projekt hos Samordningsförbudet Östergötland. Metod Studien undersöker förändring i Outcome Rating Scale och self-efficacy efter genomförd rehabiliteringsprojekt för arbetslösa. Slutsats Det går inte att signifikant säkerställa någon förändring mellan testtillfälle ett och två. Baserat på de resultat vi har fått ta del av kan vi inte dra någon slutsats att deltagarnas egenskattade förmåga eller motivation har förändrats till följd av insatsen. / Background Poor health among the unemployed is a major social problem. The recession and rise in unemployment the community requires to take action in form of rehabilitation and employment programs to get people back into employment and hence economic autonomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if a change occur in the participators motivation and belief in their own abilities after completing Samordningsförbundet Östergötlands intervention. Method an empirical study was conducted with a quantitative method. Two validated models ORS and Self-efficiacy test with an added self-assessment question of individual motivation. Conclusion There is no significant data to ensure that a change has taken place between test occasion one and two. Based on the results we have, we can not conclude that the participants attitude has changed as a result of the intervention. Whether self-estimated ability or motivation.
338

Påverkas den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och self-efficacy av olika ledarskapsstilar? : En kvantitativ studie

Peltola, Malin, Borg, Liselotte January 2015 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan ledarstilar, den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och self-efficacy. Detta för skapa större förståelse för hur olika ledarstilar kan påverka medarbetarnas välbefinnande och prestation. Deltagarna (N = 81, mellan 19-64 år) svarade på en enkät med bakgrundsvariabler, den generella self-efficacy skalan (GSE), psykosocialarbetsmiljökart-läggning (PAK, egenkontroll, arbetsledningklimat, arbetsstimulans, arbetsgemenskap och arbetsbelastning) och ledarskapsstilar (CPE, förändring-oriented-, strukturella och produktionsinriktad och relationsorienterade). Positiva associationer om ledarstilar och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön demonstrerades, särskilt för relationsorienterade ledarstil, vilket korrelerade med alla fem huvudfaktorer i PAK. Däremot korrelerade strukturella- och produktionorienterad och förändringsorienterad inte signifikant. Ingen signifikant korrelation mellan ledarstilar och personal self-efficacy hittades. Dock var self-efficacy relaterad till anställdas upplevda psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Genom deskriptiv statistik rapporterades som medelvärden visade att anställda med mer än genomsnittet på GSEs (self-efficacy) tenderade att svara högre på alla fem huvudfaktorer för PAK.
339

Self-efficacys påverkan på bänkpressprestationer.

Larsson Dahlberg, Desirée, Andersson Bjerke, Felicia January 2014 (has links)
Syftet med studien var att med en experimentell design undersöka ifall individens tro på sin förmåga, d.v.s. self-efficacy påverkar utfallet av idrotts prestationer. Detta undersöktes genom att manipulera self-efficacy i en bänkpressövning och därefter mäta eventuella prestationsförändringar under tre sessioner. 21 deltagare (10 kvinnor, 11 män, M = 23, SD = 2.95) med lite eller ingen tidigare erfarenhet av styrketräning deltog. Deltagare delades slumpmässigt in i tre grupper: (LG) lättare vikt än deltagarna trodde, (TG) tyngre vikt än deltagarna trodde och (KG) kontrollgrupp, vikten överensstämde med deltagarnas uppfattning. Situationsspecifika self-efficacy mätningar (SSE) gjordes före och efter manipulationen. Den fysiska self-efficacyn mättes med hjälp av fysisk self-efficacy skala (PSE). Resultatet visade att den tunga gruppen, vilken lyfte mer vikt än de trodde, ökade signifikant mer i vikt vid bänkpresslyftet än kontrollgruppen. Manipulationen som antogs påverka situationsspecifikt self-efficacy visade sig förutsäga prestationens utfall och en signifikant skillnad visades mellan mätningarna. Den tunga gruppen visade störst förändring på SSE formuläret från första till tredje sessionen. PSE-resultaten visade ingen signifikant förändring mellan mätningarna. Resultatet föreslår att self-efficacy går att manipulera och kan påverka idrottsprestationer. / The purpose of the study was to investigate in an experimental design whether an individual's belief in his ability, i.e. self-efficacy affect the outcomes of athletic performance. This was examined by manipulating self-efficacy in a bench press exercise and measures possible performance changes during three sessions. 21 participants (10 woman, 11 men, M = 23, SD = 2.95) who had little or no previous experience of weight training participated. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: (LG) participants lifted easier than thought, (HG) participants lifted heavier than thought and (CG) control group, participants lifted the weight they thought. Situational specific self-efficacy measures (SSE) were taken before and after manipulation. The physical self-efficacy was measured using the physical self-efficacy scale (PSE). The results showed that the heavy group had increased significantly more weight than the control group. The manipulations assumed effect on self- efficacy (SSE) proved to be a prediction of performance outcomes and a significant difference was demonstrated between the measurements. The heavy group showed the greatest decreased in SSE from session one to third. PSE results showed no significant changes between measurements. The results suggest that self-efficacy can be manipulated and can affect sport performance.
340

Negotiation and auditing self-efficacy's effect on auditor objectivity : negotiation strategy functioning as a mediator

Winter, Robert, Weng, Xinmei January 2015 (has links)
Aim: Auditor objectivity in the auditing process is an important part of the IASB and FASB framework as well as in the SOX act. It is unclear whether auditor’s self-efficacy through selection of negotiation strategy affect the auditor’s objectivity. The purpose of the study is to improve the understanding of what impacts auditor objectivity and as a result show new strategies on how to increase it. Method: Deductive approach with a literature review as secondary data and a web-based questionnaire carried out among 3,264 Swedish auditors as primary data. Analysis was done with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and reported in the SmartPLS and SPSS software. Result & Conclusions: Prior negative negotiation experiences have a detrimental effect on both distributive and integrative negotiation self-efficacy. Distributive negotiation self-efficacy and auditing self-efficacy increase objectivity mainly through the mediation of contending strategy. No relationship between integrative negotiation self-efficacy and negotiation strategy or auditor objectivity was found, possibly due to weak theoretical constructs. No causal claims are posed on these relations. Bandura’s four main sources of influence on self-efficacy can be considered as guides on how to shield the auditor from the detrimental effect of failures and build up self-efficacy to perform better in negotiation. Suggestions for future research: Develop stronger constructs for PNE, ISE and expanding-the-agenda-of-issues strategy. Using multiple imputation instead of mean replacement for missing data is highly recommended. Gather at least 400 responses in order to gain stronger statistical power. Introduce a prior auditing experiences construct for ASE to raise awareness of potential differences in how prior experiences affect DSE, ISE and ASE. Contribution of the thesis: This paper uniquely contributes to the literature on factors influencing auditor objectivity. Its main use to auditors, accounting legislators, researchers etc. at the moment is to add to the discussion about objectivity.

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