Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra några elevers svårigheter när det gäller de centrala aspekterna i grundläggande taluppfattning, med fokus på addition och subtraktion. Studien grundar sig på 13 intervjuer med elever i årskurs 3-5. Som utgångsmaterial för intervjuerna användes den muntliga diagnosen Individuella samtal som ingår i Diagnostiska uppgifter i matematik för användning i de tidiga skolåren (Skolverket, 2010c). I samband med intervjuerna observerades även hur eleverna konkretiserar uppgifterna med stöd av sina fingrar och tiobasmaterial. Den muntliga diagnosen ger en tydlig bild av vilka strategier eleverna använder sig av när de löser en uppgift samt visar vilka svårigheter eleverna har när det gäller grundläggande taluppfattning. Studiens resultat visar att eleverna har svårigheter med den grundläggande taluppfattningen, dock i varierande grad. Eleverna använder sig till stor del av en och samma strategi där de vid addition använder sig av uppåträkning med stöd av fingerräkning och vid subtraktion använder de sig antingen av uppåträkning eller nedåträkning med fingrarna som stöd. Flera av eleverna verkar ha lärt sig en strategi för addition och en för subtraktion som de sedan konsekvent använder sig av när de ska lösa en uppgift. Eleverna reflekterar vare sig över om svaret de kommer fram till eller om den strategi de använder är rimlig och effektiv. Många av eleverna visar att de kan tiokamraterna, men de har svårt att generalisera den kunskapen när de ska lösa andra uppgifter där talet tio inte implicit används i uppgiften. Även dubblorna visar de att de kan men det tycks se de som kunskaper som skilda från varandra där de vare sig har förståelse eller ser hur de kan använda sig av den kunskapen i andra sammanhang. Eleverna uttrycker att de tycker att subtraktion är svårt, vilket kan tyda på att de inte ser sambandet mellan addition och subtraktion. I mina intervjuer visade det sig på så vis att de elever som inte behärskade talraden till fullo också visade på stora svårigheter med de nakna additions- och subtraktionsuppgifterna.

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The use of social networks, as a business tool is becoming more and more frequent in this day and age. Companies are exploring various ways in which to optimise social media in gaining a competitive advantage. Social platforms give organisations the ability to communicate better with their staff, to market their products more effectively to potential customers and also to drive behaviour within the workplace. Employee engagement, sense of belonging and organisational commitment can be considered as components of employee well-being. Companies are investing large amounts of resources to lower employee turnover by creating an environment that is favourable for the employee. Within the call centre environment a well established technological infrastructure exists. This creates a setting that is very prone to launch a social media platform. The average age of employees is also quite young, which in most cases means that they understand and interact on social networks with ease. The applications for social media also seems to become second nature for younger generations and this also speaks volumes as to implement social network strategies within working environments. The experimental research design included a pre- and post assessment with samples of 74 employees for the pre-test and 36 employees for the post test. A qualitative and quantitative approach was utilised in order to gain better insight of what employees define as social networks and what effect it has on employees. To measure the various constructs, the following instruments were utilised: Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), a self-constructed Sense of Belonging Questionnaire and the Affective Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (AOC). The results indicated that the exposure to a social network resulted in lower levels of employee engagement and lower levels of sense of belonging. The exposure to a social network however increased the levels of participants? affective organisational commitment. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

A qualitative approach was used to study the lived experiences of bereaved daughters who experienced childhood maternal loss due to cancer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine women. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and content analysis was used to find recurring themes. Twelve themes emerged: initial grief reactions to maternal loss, death becomes a real part of life, loss of mother projected into the future throughout life, integrating maternal loss, self before and after maternal loss, mother as part of myself, mother-daughter relationship, personal attributes that emerged from maternal loss, reaching age of maternal death, seeking maternal influence from other women, becoming a maternal/feminine influence for others, and change in relationship with father. Findings indicate that grieving maternal loss is a unique and individual process that has a profound impact on a young woman’s life by affecting her sense of self and relationships with others. Implications of findings are presented for health care professionals

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate whether Vara municipality has a continuous picture of their identity, profile and image. Globalization has contributed to the increasingly growing of place marketing. Therefore, the study goes on to using the concepts of identity, profile and image to find out if Vara Municipality communicates similar throughout the whole organization and find out their all through core values. Globalisation will be an interpretive framework for the work that describes why the place marketing is becoming more pressing. The sense of place will be a central part of this study as it is the feelings and images of different places that will be described by the municipality together with the identity, profile and image. The method consists of structured- and semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The structured interviews were used to find out which image the neighboring municipalities had of the Vara Municipality and they were also used to find out the identity of the municipality by interview its own residents. The semi-structured interviews were used to find out the profile by interviewing the quality- and HR-manager of Vara municipality. The results and analysis concludes that Vara municipality has two central values of the municipality that is consistently in identity, profile and image, these values are culture and entrepreneurship. The identity and the image had several similarities but the profile was very different comparing to the image of the neighboring municipalities and its own residents. This may be because the profile represents what the municipality want others to see, and can be a bit of a ”belief in the future”. Wara municipality needs to work on the profile if they want a consistent image so it fits better with their identity and image.

Research on organizational commitment in work settings is unclear about its generalization to broader environments; sense of place is typically measured to capture belonging and identification in communities. Whether the constructs of organizational commitment and sense of place are perceived distinctly by neighbourhood residents was investigated. Based on associations between natural design content and prosocial outcomes, it was hypothesized that individuals living in neighbourhoods with numerous green attributes would experience more organizational commitment to their community, as well as a stronger sense of place. Although participants did not perceive organizational commitment and sense of place distinctly, organizational commitment significantly correlated with the number of green features in a neighbourhood. However, sense of place and the degree of greenness in a neighbourhood were not related. This may be because these two constructs are closely related but not identical. Findings highlight the value of studying organizational commitment and sense of place when addressing neighbourhood research. / Graduate

Stress är i dagens samhälle ett vanligt förekommande fenomen inom många domäner där individer på olika vis drabbas. Högskolestuderande är en av grupperna. Tidigare forskning visar att olika faktorer bidrar till stress och att stress kan leda till allvarliga konsekvenser för individer. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer som relaterar till högskolestudenters upplevda stress. Till grund för studien låg fem frågeställningar. En enkätundersökning genomfördes för att besvara frågeställningarna. Enkäten bestod av en demografisk del, Antonovskys KASAM-formulär och Cohens perceived stress scale. Respondenterna var 302 studerande vid en högskola i Mellansverige, varav 205 kvinnor och 96 män. Databearbetning skedde med korrelationer, t-test, variansanalys och regressionsanalys. Resultatet mynnade ut i slutsatsen att högskolestudenternas KASAM och könstillhörighet relaterar till upplevd stress, men att delaktighet inte relaterar till upplevd stress. Förslag för framtida forskning inom ämnet ges.

This essay deals with certain problems in the theory of singular reference. The following question is taken as central: What role is to be assigned to nonempty and syntactically simple singular terms in fixing the semantic contents of utterances of declarative sentences in which they may occur? I focus on those aspects of the current dispute between Millian and neo-Fregean approaches to singular reference which are related to issues about the cognitive significance of language use; the following two issues are singled out as crucial: the issue about (alleged) potential differences in informativeness between sentences constructed out of co-referential singular terms; and the issue about (alleged) failures of substitutivity salva veritate of co-referential singular terms in propositional-attitude contexts. The general direction of my arguments is as follows. On the one hand, I argue that "notational variance" claims recently advanced on both sides of the dispute should be deemed unsound; and hence that one is really confronted with separate accounts of singular content. On the other, I argue that Milllanism does not provide us with a satisfactory solution to the problems about cognitive significance; and hence that a framework of singular senses is Indispensable to deal with such problems in an adequate way. I also discuss the problem of Cognitive Dynamics, i.e. the issue of attitude-retention and persistence of mental content, in connection with the individuation of indexical thought. I argue that the standard Intuitive Criterion of Difference for thoughts might be reasonably extended to the diachronic case, allowing thus the possibility of discriminating between thoughts entertained by a thinker at different times.

The primary purpose of this study was to explore the impact of various forms of pressure and support experienced by teachers in an intentionally designed learning community on teacher learning and teacher sense of efficacy. Eleven Grade 6 teachers in a middle school in Southern Ontario were interviewed and a complex systems approach was adopted to analyze their experiences. The results suggested three key implications: (1) teachers’ experiences of pressures and supports are variable and influenced by teacher sense of efficacy and administrative decisions about the implementation of those pressure and support mechanisms; (2) a coherent, cohesive and balanced system of formal and informal structures of pressure and support is important to support teacher learning; and (3) structures, mechanisms and culture must facilitate transfer of learning in meaningful ways between the subsystems operating in a school in order to support teacher learning and teacher sense of efficacy.

The primary purpose of this study was to explore the impact of various forms of pressure and support experienced by teachers in an intentionally designed learning community on teacher learning and teacher sense of efficacy. Eleven Grade 6 teachers in a middle school in Southern Ontario were interviewed and a complex systems approach was adopted to analyze their experiences. The results suggested three key implications: (1) teachers’ experiences of pressures and supports are variable and influenced by teacher sense of efficacy and administrative decisions about the implementation of those pressure and support mechanisms; (2) a coherent, cohesive and balanced system of formal and informal structures of pressure and support is important to support teacher learning; and (3) structures, mechanisms and culture must facilitate transfer of learning in meaningful ways between the subsystems operating in a school in order to support teacher learning and teacher sense of efficacy.