京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23523号 / 農博第2470号 / 新制||農||1087(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5354(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 岡田 直紀, 教授 神﨑 護, 教授 北島 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

(in English): This Thesis deals with the phenomenon of indirect translation. Since indirect translation is still relatively common in the Czech culture, but at the same time rather understudied, the aim of this Thesis is to describe the phenomenon in more detail and with the help of an actual text analysis to investigate the influence this method has on the final translation. Two texts were chosen for the analysis, both written by the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga, being a characteristic sample of the bibliography of Czech indirect translations of Dutch written works. Compiling this bibliography was one of the tasks of this Thesis. It documents the extent to which indirect translation was used in past and present, and it also shows what kind of texts are most likely to be translated indirectly. Finally, the chosen texts were reduced (using sample method) to fragments that were then analysed in terms of stylistic and semantic shifts. According to the analysis the most common shifts appeared to the stylistic ones, mostly those that result in weakening the original style of the author in favour of the translator's own style. What the semantic shifts concerns, in comparison with the mediating translation they seem to occur twice as often in the mediated translation.

Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos conformacionais de algumas lactonas sesquiterpenicas e cálculos teóricos de deslocamento químico. O estudo conformacional é dividido em tres etapas distintas. A primeira etapa se dá pela busca conformacional em mecânica molecular, onde foram encontradas as possíveis conformações assumidas pelo sistema em estudo. Na segunda etapa, as conformações encontradas foram otimizadas em mecânica quântica. O último passo neste estudo foi o cálculode deslocamento químico e a posterior correlação com os dados experimentais. / This work is aimed on the theoretical calculation of chemical shifts of sesquiterpene lactones, based on the conformational preferences of the compounds. This conformational study is set up in three stages. The first one is a conformational search using molecular mechanics, to assess the relevant conformations of the system under study. In the second stage, the conformations are optimized by quantum mechanics, for the refinement of both the structural assignment and energy calculation of the most stable conformers found in the previous step. The last step is the theoretical calculation of chemical shifts. Finally the weighted average of calculated values is compared to experimental data.

No description available.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global rail reform is an important topic, especially seen against a backdrop of a worldwide requirement to facilitate modal shift back to rail. This modal shift is required because of growing environmental issues and rising freight cost concerns. Appropriate rail reform is also required to create an environment for South Africa’s freight railway to sustainably achieve modal shift to reverse this trend. This research is based on an idealised design approach that postulates an ideal virtual railway for South Africa, based on Transport Economic and market segmentation principles. It is accepted that major investment will be required to realise this ideal railway, but the exact role, positioning, institutional and organisational structures of the railway system require clarification. The established approach to provide this clarification in a typical business is, first and foremost, to understand the market that needs to be served through appropriate market segmentation. In this regard, the research presents: • an overview of South Africa’s surface freight transport industry, including the specific challenges faced by the industry and the historical evolution of the industry; • a benchmarking exercise of South Africa’s rail system against global rail systems; • a summary of global rail reform case references; • the need for transport economic regulation; • an analysis of current total surface freight flows (road and rail) across the geography of the country’s transport corridors, culminating in a freight flow market segmentation for South Africa informed by rail’s economic fundamentals; • the resultant effect of this analysis on the framing of an idealised network design; and • a rail reform proposal based on the idealised design. The research ‘imagines’ that the country has no existing railway system and analyse the manner in which specific freight (commodities and cargo types) actually flows from origin to destination by all modes of transport within the country’s freight logistics industry. The result of the freight market segmentation exercise informs the crafting of an ideal network. Using this ideal network as a starting point, the most appropriate rail reform option is considered against the background of benchmarking the current system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreldwye beweging vir ‘n modale verskuiwing terug na spoor is ‘n belangrike faktor wanneer spoorhervorming ter sake kom. Dit word as gevolg van die toenemende klem wat op omgewingskwessies gelê word en stygende vervoerkostes, vereis. Toepaslike spoorhervorming is ook in Suid-Afrika belangrik sodat‘n omgewing waarin Suid – Afrika se vragvervoer volhoubaar modale verskuiwing kan bereik, geskep kan word om sodoende ‘n modale verskuiwing te bewerkstellig. Die navorsing in hierdie tesis word op ‘n geïdealiseerde ontwerp benadering gegrond wat die ideale spoorweg vir Suid – Afrika postuleer. Vervoerekonomiese en marksegmenteringsbeginsels vorm die grondslag van die ontwerp. Beduidende investering sal benodig word om hierdie ideale spoorweg te laat realiseer, maar die presiese rol, posisionering, en institusionele en organisatoriese strukture van die spoorwegsisteem is nog onduidelik. Die gevestigde navorsingsgefundeerde benadering om hierdie vraagstuk te benader is om eerstens markvraag deur middel van marksegmentering, te bepaal. In hierdie opsig bied die navorsing: • ‘n oorsig van Suid–Afrika se landvragvervoerbedryf, insluitend die spesifieke uitdagings en historiese evolusie van die bedryf; • ‘n nomrstellingsoefening van Suid–Afrika se spoorsisteem teen globale spoorsisteme; • ‘n opsomming van globale spoorhervorminggevallestudies; • die behoefte aan vervoerekonomiese regulering; • ‘n analise van die huidige landvragvloeivolumes (pad en spoor) regoor die land se vervoerkorridors wat in ‘n vragvloeimarksegmentering vir Suid–Afrika uitloop, • die gevolglike effek van die analise op die ontwerp van ‘n geïdealiseerde network; en • ‘n spoorhervormingvoorstel gegrond op die geïdealiseerde ontwerp. Hierdie navorsing gebruik ‘n virtuele benadering naamlik dat die land geen bestaande spoorwegsisteem het nie en analiseer die vraag na vervoer op die fynste moontlike vlak. Die resultaat van die vragsegmenteringoefening word gebruik om die ideale netwerk te bou. Deur die gebruik van die ideale netwerk as ‘n uitgangspunt word die mees geskikte spoorhervormingopsie oorweeg met normstelling van die huidige sisteem as ‘n vergelykende agtergrond.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mass production economy of the major part of the twentieth century has undergone a fundamental change to a global, knowledge-based and entrepreneurial-driven economy, where products and services are now fuelled by innovation, technology and knowledge. Over the last few decades, globalisation has transformed the commercial and political world, and globalisation itself is now entering a more complex phase. Centers of economic activities have shifted profoundly, not only globally, but also regionally. Along with this shift, new rules have been established. Faced with the challenges of the new economy, organisations are forced to adapt to the changes with which they are confronted as customers, markets, societies, employees, competition and technology are all impacted. The new economy requires a different type of leader. Achieving high performance in an increasingly interdependent world will become a challenge facing organisations in both developed and emerging economies. The degree of connectivity between economies, business and individuals worldwide is probably the most important element of the new economy. Highly improbable, but also highly consequential types of events will become more frequent as turbulence increases. Implausible events become possible. Leaders with the ability to anticipate the probability of such occurrences will be the ones who will reap benefits by applying the dynamics pertaining to the new economy. Interest in leadership and the theories thereof gained momentum during the twentieth century. Even though many leadership theories developed over the last decades, the core of these theories changed little. However, the new economy brings new challenges and leaders must also adapt to the changing environment. Without effective leaders companies cannot succeed. It is therefore imperative that leaders understand the qualities of the environment as well as the attributes they need to be successful. Leaders who have the foresight to take advantage of the opportunities which the new economy offers them and who have mastered the ability to react with agility to these opportunities will have the competitive advantage needed for the future. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die massa produksie ekonomie van die groter deel van die twintigste eeu het ‘n fundamentele verandering ondergaan na ‘n globale, kennis gebaseerde en entrepreneur gedrewe ekonomie, waar produkte en dienste nou deur innovasie, tegnologie en kennis aangevuur word. Globalisering het die kommersiële en politiese wêreld gedurende die laaste paar dekades getransformeer en globalisering is self besig om ’n meer komplekse fase binne te tree. Sentra van ekonomiese aktiwiteit het drasties geskuif, beide globaal en streeksgewys. Tesame met hierdie skuif het nuwe reëls ontstaan. Organisasies word gekonfronteer met die uitdagings van die nuwe ekonomie en is geforseer om aan te pas by die uitdagings wat voor hul lê, aangesien kliënte, markte, gemeenskappe, werknemers, kompetisie en tegnologie almal geïmpakteer word. Die nuwe ekonomie vereis ‘n nuwe tipe leier. Om hoë prestasie in ’n toenemend interafhanklike wêreld te bereik is ’n uitdaging wat organisasies in beide die ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande in die gesig staar. Die hoë vlak van skakeling tussen ekonomieë, besighede en individue wêreldwyd is waarskynlik die belangrikste element van die nuwe ekonomie. Soos wat turbulensie toeneem, sal hoogs onwaarskynlike, maar ook hoogs konsekwensiële tipes gebeurtenisse ook meer dikwels voorkom. Onverstaanbare gebeurtenisse het moontlik geword. Leiers met die vermoë om die waarskynlikheid van sulke gebeurtenisse te voorspel sal diegene wees wat die vrugte van die nuwe ekonomie sal pluk deur die regte dinamika toe te pas. Belangstelling in leierskap en leierskap teorieë het momentum bygekry gedurende die twintigste eeu. Alhoewel baie leierskap teorieë ontwikkel het gedurende die laaste paar dekades, het die kern daarvan weinig verander. Die leierskap model van die nuwe ekonomie verskil egter heelwat van die huidige. Maatskappye kan nie oorleef sonder effektiewe leiers nie. Om daardie rede is dit noodsaaklik dat leiers die eienskappe van die omgewing verstaan, sowel as die eienskappe wat hulle nodig het om suksesvol te wees. Leiers met die nodige insig om voordeel te trek uit die geleenthede wat die nuwe ekonomie aan hulle bied, en wie die vermoë bemeester het om met gereedheid te reageer op hierdie geleenthede, sal die kompeterende voordeel in die toekoms hê.

Cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude des pavages : des ensembles de coloriages du plan discret respectant des contraintes locales données par un jeu de tuiles. Nous nous penchons en particulier sur les liens qui unissent les pavages et la calculabilité. Les pavages étant des ensembles effectivement clos particuliers, nous étudions dans un premier temps la structure des ensembles de degrés Turing des pavages, la comparant à celle des ensembles effectivement clos en général : pour tout ensemble effectivement clos il existe un pavage qui a les même degrés Turing à 0 près, le degré des ensembles récursifs. De plus les pavages ne contenant pas de membre récursif ont une structure particulière : ils contiennent toujours un cône de degrés Turing, un degré Turing et tous les degrés qui lui sont supérieurs. Dans un second temps, nous étudions les ensembles de périodes des pavages, pour diverses notions de périodicité, parvenant à des caractérisations à l'aide de classes de complexité ou de calculabilité pour chaque notion étudiée. Enfin nous nous intéressons à la difficulté calculatoire des problèmes de la factorisation et de la conjugaison, des notions de simulation et d'équivalence adaptées aux spécificités des pavages. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of subshifts of finite type (SFTs) : sets of colorings of the discrete plane which respect some local constraints given by a set of forbidden patterns. We study the links between SFTs and computation. SFTs being specific effectively closed classes, we fist study their Turing degree structure, comparing it to the one of effectively closed classes in general: for any effectively closed class, there exist an SFT having the same Turing degrees except maybe 0, the degree of recursive sets. Furthermore, SFTs containing no recursive member have a particular structure: they always contain a cone of Turing degrees, ie. a Turing degree and all degrees above it. We then study the sets of periods of SFTs, for different notions of periodicity, reaching characterizations by means of computational complexity classes or computability classes for each notion introduced. Finally we look at the computable hardness of the factorization and conjugacy problems, the right notions of simulation and equivalence for SFTs.

Title Opinions of a German about the value-shifts in the society after the Second World War. Interpretation of the novel "Clown" by Heinrich Böll and its film adaptation Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the novel The Clown (1963) by an important representative of the German post-war literature Heinrich Böll and its film adaptation (1974) of the same name by a Czech director Vojtěch Jasný. The first part of the thesis presents author's life, literary work as well as the roots of his broadly humanistic view of life, which are closely interlinked with his strong Christian belief and his personal value system. The main target of the thesis is a thorough interpretation of the novel, in which author's critical viewpoint on the socio-cultural development of the post-war German society is very strongly reflected. The author's sharp satirical tone in this novel and the very evident anticlericalism are being looked at and explored in terms of the biblical motto of the novel and its main message. The aim of the final chapter is to point out the main differences between the novel and the film adaptation. Key words Heinrich Böll, value-shifts, the German society after the Second World War, Catholicism

Les automates cellulaires sont à la fois un modèle de calcul parallèle, un système complexe et un système dynamique. Ils fonctionnent de manière synchrone et en temps discret, leur particularité est que les fonctions qu'ils définissent sont issues de l'application simultanée, en tout point de l'espace, d'une règle d'évolution locale. L'ensemble limite est un objet classique des systèmes dynamiques, c'est l'ensemble des états que le système peut atteindre arbitrairement tard. Il a été très étudié dans le cadre des automates cellulaires, et les résultats sont nombreux. Parmi ces résultats, un théorème de Rice démontré par Jarkko Kari dit que toute propriété des ensembles limites est indécidable. Dans ce mémoire, on ne s'intéresse plus à l'ensemble limite traditionnel, mais à une variante pour laquelle on utilise une mesure sur l'espace des entrées, sélectionnant ainsi les comportements susceptibles d'apparaître arbitrairement tard et souvent. Ce nouvel ensemble, que l'on nomme ensemble mu-limite, a été introduit en 2000 par Petr Kurka et Alejandro Maass. La plupart des résultats sur les ensembles limites ne se transposent pas naturellement. On étudie la famille des ensembles mu-limites d'automates cellulaires. On montre que sous certaines contraintes sur la dynamique, l'ensemble mu-limite peut être entièrement décrit. On classe ainsi les automates en fonction de ces contraintes. Dans le cas général, on montre l'existence d'automates cellulaires ayant comme ensembles mu-limites un grand nombre d'ensembles complexes. On finit par montrer un théorème de Rice pour les ensembles mu-limites d'automates cellulaires: tout propriété non triviale de ces ensembles est indécidable. / Cellular automata are simultaneously a model of parallel computation, a complex system and a dynamical system. They are synchronous and time is discrete. The functions defined by their application is the result of the synchronous application of the same local rule everywhere. The limit set is a classical tool of dynamical systems theory, it is the set of states the system can reach arbitrarily late. It has been studied often in the particular case of cellular automata and there are numerous results. Amongst them, a Rice's theorem proved by Jarkko Kari states that any non-trivial property of limit sets of cellular automata is undecidable. In this thesis, we do not consider the classical limit set, as we add a measure on the space of states of the system. Thus, we get a set which contains behaviors that appear arbitrarily far and often. This set is named mu-limit set and was introduced in 2000 by Petr Kurka and Alejandro Maass. Most of the results on limit sets cannot be directly adapted for mu-limit sets. We study the family of all mu-limit sets of cellular automata. We show that under some constraints on the dynamics, the mu-limit set can be entirely described. We then produce a classification of cellular automata according to these constraints. In the general case, we prove the existence of cellular automata whose mu-limit sets are among a large set of complex sets. We finally prove Rice's theorem for mu-limit sets: any non-trivial property is undecidable.

Nesta tese são estudados alguns tópicos sobre otimização ergódica e formalismo termodinâmico que generalizam resultados, de Contreras, Lopes e Thieullen (2006), Garibaldi e Lopes (2008) no primeiro caso e Baraviera, Lopes e Thieullen (2006), Bissacot, Mengue e Pérez (2006) no segundo, para contextos onde não existem medidas de Gibbs, ou, em outras palavras, não é satisfeita a propriedade BIP. É demonstrada a existência de subações calibradas para potenciais coercivos de variação finita em espaços shift transitivos de alfabeto enumerável. O método usado é a construção da barreira de Peierls nesse contexto. Provam-se algumas das propriedades da barreira de Peierls e, como consequência das construções, é mostrada uma classificação dos shifts que possuem subações calibradas e limitadas. Posteriormente é realizado um estudo do formalismo termodinâmico para potenciais somáveis de variação finita e pressão finita com medida maximizante única f em shifts topologicamente mixing. Fazendo uso dos resultados de Freire e Vargas (2015), são estudadas a famlia de estados de equilbrio correspondente com f e a famlia de funções 1/B log h_ B , onde h_B são auto vetores do operador de Ruelle para Bf . É demonstrado que os pontos de acumulação quando B vai para infinito são subações uniformemente contnuas. Finalmente é provada uma propriedade dos grandes desvios para a famlia de estados de equilbrio \\mu_B com hipóteses sobre a convergência de uma famlia de funções g_B que normaliza o operador de Ruelle para cada B> 1 (Veja seção 4.4) / In this thesis, the study of topics on ergodic optimization and thermodynamic formalism for countable Markov shifts is presented. It provides a generalization of the previous results, in Contreras, Lopes and Thieullen (2006), Garibaldi and Lopes (2008) for the first subject and Baraviera, Lopes and Thieullen (2006), Bissacot, Mengue e Pérez (2006) for the second one, to situations where there are no Gibbs measures, ie, the BIP property is not verified. The existence of calibrated subactions for coercive potentials with finite variation over transitive countable Markov shifts is proved. The method is based on the construction of the Peierls barrrier in this context. Some properties of the Peierls barrier are proved and, as consequence of the proof, a classification of the Markov shifts which support calibrated and limited subactions is shown. Subsequently, the thermodynamic formalism for topologically mixing Markov shift and summable potentials with finite variation, finite pressure and unique maximizing measure f is studied. Using results in Freire and Vargas (2015), the class of equilibrium states corresponding with f and the class of functions 1/ log h_B are studied where h_B are the eigenfunctions for the Ruelle operator. It is proved that its accumulation points, as goes to infinity, are uniformly continuous subactions. Finally, it is proved a large deviation principle for the equilibrium states family \\mu_B , assuming a hypothesis about the convergence in a family of functions that normalizes the Ruelle operator (See section 4.4 for more details).