We use transcendental shift-like automorphisms of Ck, k > 2 to construct two examples of non-degenerate entire mappings with prescribed ranges. The first example exhibits an entire mapping of Ck, k>2 whose range avoids a given polydisc but contains the complement of a slightly larger concentric polydisc. This generalizes a result of Dixon-Esterle in C2. The second example shows the existence of a Fatou-Bieberbach domain in Ck,k > 2 that is constrained to lie in a prescribed region. This is motivated by similar results of Buzzard and Rosay-Rudin. In the second part we compute the order and type of entire mappings that parametrize one dimensional unstable manifolds for shift-like polynomial automorphisms and show how they can be used to prove a Yoccoz type inequality for this class of automorphisms.

Magister Educationis - MEd / Cost-sharing is neither a new subject nor a recent practice in the financing of students’ higher education in Zimbabwe. The practice of cost-sharing in Zimbabwe’s higher education dates back to the colonial period. Unlike those African countries that have historically had free higher education, in Zimbabwe cost-sharing has always been part of its higher education financing formulae. As a result, whereas the challenge in other African countries has been to shift from free higher education to cost-sharing, the challenge in Zimbabwe has been that of moving from one cost-sharing model to another. While Zimbabwe has experimented with various cost-sharing strategies, literature on the country’s experiences with the practice is limited. This study fills the knowledge gap by identifying and accounting for the shifts in the conception and practice of cost-sharing in the financing of students’ higher education in Zimbabwe. Consistent with the study’s focus on describing and understanding historical processes (shifts in cost-sharing policy over time) in higher education financing in Zimbabwe, a qualitative approach was adopted to gather and analyze data. In particular, the study used an historical research design to identify and account for the policy shifts in higher education financing in Zimbabwe from 1957 to 2009. The scope of the study was limited to student funding in the public university sector. The study used documents as the major sources of data, while interviews and focus group discussions with key actors in higher education financing in Zimbabwe provided additional data to validate data generated from document sources. The study demonstrates that Zimbabwe adopted cost-sharing in higher education financing at the very point of inception of the first university in the country, the University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which is now the University of Zimbabwe in 1957. Starting (in 1957) with a deferred tuition fee policy that was complemented by a mortgage type loan system and government grants, a confluence of global, national and local forces combined in specific fashion in specific historical epochs over time to ‘negotiate’ and ‘renegotiate’ the student funding models. It is further shown that during the colonial era, while the cost-sharing model rode on the back of a favourable Government loan and grant system aimed at promoting access to higher education, the racist basis of colonial education policies created bottlenecks that severely curtailed access to higher education by the majority black population. Colonial education policy iii regimes deliberately limited the feeding streams into university enrolments by black students, resulting in a proportional mismatch between the number of white students entering university and that of black students. Thus, during the colonial era, access to higher education was largely a function of the ‘barrier’ system in African education that defined inequality between whites and Africans. Independence in 1980 saw the new socialist government embracing the loan and grant based cost-sharing model and further implementing radical measures to democratize access to education. However, the increase in student numbers and in higher education institutions, coupled with poor loan recovery, and the ascendancy of neoliberalism at about the turn of the twenty-first century presented serious challenges to the state’s capacity to adequately fund higher education. In the process, the loan and grant system declined gradually and was eventually replaced by an upfront tuition fee policy that took a toll on access to higher education. Noting the inadequacies of policy interventions through the introduction of the Cadetship Scheme, the ‘successor’ to the loan and grant system, the study recommends the resuscitation of the loan system. It is however, important that such reintroduction of the loan system be predicated on the development of a robust framework that ensures that loans are allocated to students who are in real financial need and that there is in existence, effective and efficient loan recovery machinery.

La présente thèse compare le drame Le Docteur Faust de Christopher Marlowe (1604, 1616) avec la première traduction française faite par Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy (1850) et la première traduction italienne faite par Eugenio Turiello (1898) en visant à identifier les changements textuels révélateurs du contexte culturelle et idéologique au moment où se produisent les deux textes cibles. Le Docteur Faust est un exemple emblématique de l’instabilité du texte dramatique source. Il nous est parvenu en deux versions (le texte A et le texte B) différentes du point de vue structurel, thématique et doctrinal. En revanche, aucune version ne permet pas une interprétation cohérente. Ce travail a pour propos d’examiner si les traductions de Bazy et de Turiello, qui proviennent de contextes géographiques, historiques et littéraires différents mais étroitement liés, multiplient les lectures plausibles ou bien si elles aboutissent à une vision plus constante. En outre, on s’interroge sur la cause des variations textuelles, généralement dénommées en traductologie les glissements. Tout d’abord, j’ai identifié une régularité des glissements qui se manifestent dans deux traductions en question. Puis, j’ai analysé les effets des glissements sur la structure et la signification générales des textes. Enfin, en adoptant une approche socioculturelle de l’analyse des traductions, j’ai exploré la manière dont les changements sont déterminés par l’idéologie des traducteurs et leur interprétation de l’original. Cela explique leur position au sein de l’espace politique et idéologique de chaque culture d’arrivée, ainsi que les normes traductrices et culturelles adoptées au cours de la traduction. / The aim of this research is to compare Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus (1604, 1616) with the first French translation by Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy (1850) and the first Italian translation by Eugenio Turiello (1898) in search of the changes that are symptomatic of the cultural and ideological context of translation production. The case of Doctor Faustus represents the epitome of the instability of a dramatic source text. Two main versions of the play (the A-text and the B-text) differ in structural, thematic and doctrinal terms. At the same time, neither version delivers a coherent vision. The research seeks to examine whether Bazy’s and Turiello’s translation, belonging to different yet related geographical, historical and literary traditions, further multiply the potential readings of the original or whether they display a more consistent framework. In addition, we will analyse the causes of textual variation, commonly labelled in Translation Studies as shifts. First, we identified a pattern of shifts manifested in the target texts in question. Then, we discussed the ways in which the identified patterns of shifts affect the general meaning and the structure of the texts. Finally, adopting a socio-cultural approach, we showed how certain shifts are conditioned by the translators’ ideology and their interpretation of the original. This in turn reveals the positions they occupy within the political and ideological space of each target culture and the main cultural and translation norms operating in the recipient systems.

The diploma thesis is focused on the transmediality and adaptation phenomena and on the process of adaptation translation into the performative medium, a movie. The phenomena are grounded in the academical background, and their origin and historical development of their studies are contained in the theoretical part of the thesis. Furthermore, the different approaches to evaluation of the final product of the adaptation process are analyzed and it is explained that the evaluation of the adaptation is not bound by the fidelity criteria, but rather the overall transformation of the original message into the new media, in this case a movie. Due to these findings, the method of qualitative comparative analysis was used for the analytical part of the thesis. The qualitative research was focused mainly on the adaptation shifts as defined by Katerina Perdikaki, modulation, modification, mutation. Four biographical books of well- known personalities and their subsequent movie adaptations were analyzed. From these stories, four key moments were chosen to be used for the qualitative comparative analysis in order to research the adaptation shifts in the individual stories and their impact on the process of the creation of the adaptation and the final performative piece. The sample of the books was carefully...

Normalerweise stimmen die Ausrichtung der Augen und die der visuellen Aufmerksamkeit überein. Frühere Arbeiten, vor allem im Kontext so genannter ‚Fixieren-Springen’ Paradigmen, haben gezeigt, dass zum Zeitpunkt der Programmierung einer neuen Sakkade die Aufmerksamkeit bereits zum Sakkadenziel verlagert wird. Bei Untersuchungen in natürlicheren Umgebungen konnte dieser Befund allerdings nicht gezeigt werden. Aus diesen teilweise widersprüchlichen Befunden ergibt sich die Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit: Wie wirken sich visuelle Aufgaben am aktuellen Fixationsort innerhalb einer Sequenz von Blickbewegungen auf die Verlagerung der visuellen Aufmerksamkeit aus? Welche Rolle spielt dabei der Zeitpunkt innerhalb der aktuellen Fixation? Diese Fragen werden auf der Basis des Zusammenhangs zwischen objektivem und subjektivem Blickort untersucht. Als objektiver Blickort wird dabei der durch ein Blickbewegungsmesssystem ermittelte aktuelle Fixationsort begriffen. Während der Ausführung verschiedener visueller Aufgaben – Lokalisation, Identifikation und Katego¬risierung – wird der subjektive Blickort als derjenige bezeichnet und untersucht, den Probanden bei einer plötzlichen Unterbrechung ihrer aktuellen Tätigkeit angeben können. In einer Serie von drei Experimenten wurde getestet, welcher Zusammen¬hang zwischen objektivem und subjektivem Maß vor dem Hinter¬grund der verschiedenen Aufgaben und dem Zeitpunkt innerhalb der aktuellen Fixation besteht. Dabei wurden den Probanden in jedem Durchgang sechs kreisförmig angeordnete Piktogramme präsentiert, die im Uhrzeigersinn nacheinander zu betrachten waren. Zu einem nicht vorhersehbaren Zeitpunkt wurde die Betrachtung unterbrochen, wobei der subjektive Blickort durch einen Mausklick auf das aktuell betrachtete Piktogramm angegeben werden sollte. In einem vierten Experiment wurde eine blickgesteuerte Schreibumgebung untersucht, bei der auf der Basis der Ergebnisse der Experimente 1 bis 3 die Rückmeldung der eigenen Blickposition und die Schwellzeit zum Auslösen einer Taste systematisch variiert wurden. Es wurde davon ausgegangen, dass die Rückmeldung weniger an den aktuellen tatsächlichen, als an den subjektiven Blickort gebunden sein sollte. Schreiben mit den Augen setzt voraus, dass Buchstaben auf der Tastatur lokalisiert, und danach identifiziert werden müssen, um eine Entscheidung treffen zu können, ob die Taste ausgelöst werden soll oder nicht. Die vorhergehenden Experimente zum subjektiven und objektiven Blickort bei der Identifikation haben gezeigt, dass der subjektive hinter dem objektiven Blickort eher zurückbleibt. Aus diesem Grund ist anzunehmen, dass eine Verzögerung der Rückmeldung gegenüber der objektiven Blickposition als angenehm empfunden werden müsste. Es zeigte sich, dass die besten Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Fehlerrate und Schreibgeschwindigkeit bei Schwellzeiten um die 500 ms erreicht werden. Die subjektiven Einschätzungen der Probanden ergab eine signifikante Präferenz der verzögerten Rückmeldung. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen subjektiven und objektiven Blickort nicht nur durch den Zeitpunkt innerhalb der aktuellen Fixation, sondern vor allem auch durch die momentan bearbeitete Aufgabe moduliert wird. Besonders letzteres wird in aktuellen Theorien der visuellen Aufmerksamkeit nur wenig beachtet. Für die vorliegenden Ergebnisse wird ein Erklärungsansatz entwickelt, der die Idee aufeinander aufbauender Ebenen der Informationsverarbeitung kognitiver Aufmerksamkeitsmodelle aufgreift. Besonders das von Velichkovsky (2002) vorgeschlagene Modell erweist sich dabei als fruchtbar, da es feiner differenziert, und darüber hinaus zwischen Hintergrundkoordination und Führungsebene unterscheidet. In diesem Sinne lassen sich die untersuchten Aufgaben mit einer zunehmenden Tiefe der Verarbeitung assoziieren. Damit einhergehend steigt die Komplexität der zu verarbeitenden Information und sinkt die Wahr¬scheinlichkeit, dass Informationen jenseits der aktuellen Fixation abgerufen werden können: Im Gegenteil, früh innerhalb einer Fixation werden bei tiefer Verarbeitung sogar noch Informationen aus der vorhergehenden Fixation berichtet. Diese Konzeptionalisierung der Ergebnisse gestattet es, vordergründig unterschiedliche Befunde aus ‚Fixieren und Springen’ Paradigmen und Studien in natürlicheren Umgebungen zu integrieren. Die Ergebnisse von Experiment 4 zeigen, dass dieser Erklärungsansatz auch praktische Ableitungen für die Gestaltung von blick¬gesteuerter Interaktion mit dem Computer geeignet ist. Die führende Aufgabe bei solchen intentionalen Fixationen bestimmt die Art und Weise, wie der subjektive Blickort dem Nutzer zurückgemeldet werden sollte.

<p>Herbicide-resistant weed populations have become problematic throughout the Eastern Corn Belt, with 18 unique herbicide-resistant weed biotypes confirmed in Indiana alone. In response to these resistant populations, the agricultural chemical industry has responded by developing glyphosate-resistant crops paired with resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides such as dicamba and 2,4-D.</p><p>This research evaluates weed population shifts in cropping systems using row crops that are resistant to synthetic auxin herbicides. Identifying weed population shifts will allow future research to be targeted to weed species that would become more prevalent in cropping systems using synthetic auxin-resistant crops. The use of multiple sites of action will be needed in order to prevent weed shifts in both conventional and no-till corn-soybean production systems. Weed densities and species richness were reduced within field evaluations when six or more herbicide sites of action were implemented with residual herbicides in both corn and soybean years over a seven-year period. Additionally, soil seedbank weed densities and species richness were reduced within 2,4-D-resistant soybean production systems. Additional strategies other than the application of herbicides may be needed to manage weed populations in the future due to the high levels of herbicide-resistant weed populations in the Midwest.</p><p>Off-target movement of these synthetic auxin herbicides, has been a concern, and label-mandated buffer areas are required near sensitive areas. Investigation of whether cover crops can be an effective tactic in managing weeds in these label-mandated buffer areas was conducted. Cover crop utilization in buffer areas has not been investigated in Indiana. Additionally, termination timing is becoming more prominent as farm operators are increasingly terminating cover crops after planting. Our results demonstrate that using cover crops that utilize cereal rye and that are terminated at, or after the time of soybean planting will be beneficial in suppressing waterhemp, grasses, and sometimes horseweed within label-mandated buffer areas, but not for suppression of giant ragweed. However, delaying termination of cover crops can result in soybean yield reductions and caution should be used. Terminating cover crops with glyphosate and auxin and a residual herbicide was more effective than glyphosate alone, but would not be permitted within label-mandated buffer areas.L</p>

In the last decade, we have witnessed a new stage in the mainstreaming and normalization pro­cess of populist radical right policies and ideas in the Western world. This has resulted in in­creasing politicization of issues related to immigration. In Sweden, this politicization took off when the radical right-wing populist (RRP) party the Sweden Democrats (SD) was voted into the parliament in 2010. Even though the party was isolated by the mainstream parties, its presence in the parliament still contributed to the politi­cization for a long time. Additionally, increased “gang”-related shootings have pushed the po­liticization even further since the shootings in the public and political discourse have often been connected to immigration. Apart from this, certain mainstream right-wing parties, especially the Moderates (M) and the Christian Democrats (KD), have questioned the isolation of SD lately, which led to the presentation of a collaboration between the three parties in the fall of 2021. With this collaboration as a background, the aim of this study is to show the particular roles M and KD play in the process of mainstreaming and normalization of the RRP discourse, espe­cially related to immigration and its alleged connection to criminality. The study draws on crit­ical discourse analysis of political and public discourse in the context of RRP to analyze how M, KD, and SD construct themes and arguments around immigration, immigrants, and crimi­nality on their official Facebook pages. The study argues that there is an ongoing process of normalization of RRP policy and ideas in Swedish public and political discourse. Largely, SD is the strategical enacting actor in this pro­cess. How­ever, both M and KD take part in the process by contributing to gradually changing the existing discourse on immigration towards new forms and new norms. This is conducted by employing strategies, concepts, and rhetoric well-known from RRP discourse.

Tackling grand challenges such as anthropogenic climate change, urgently requires an increase in bio-based resource utilization in regard to offsetting fossil dependencies within industrial sectors, also known as bioeconomic shifts. Bioeconomic shifts can be achieved by implementing Mission-oriented innovation (MOI), which concerns facilitating and directing resources towards achieving predetermined missions. Public actors within Uppsala region have proposed a regional mission which communicates their approach towards achieving a bioeconomic shift. Therefore, this study explores the empirical and contextual barriers to MOI- implementation towards increasing local bio-based rest flow utilization, enabling an expansion biochar within Uppsala region. To satisfy the purpose and research question, an inductive qualitative interview-based case study was performed. This allowed for an understanding of contextual barriers regarding an implementation of MOI from the perceptions of the purposefully sampled interviewees. Thematic analysis was then applied to uncover codes and themes within the gathered data. Noteworthy, and a valuable takeaway for future studies regarding MOI-implementations, is that many of the observed barriers could be mitigated through further developing abilities that enable codification of tacit knowledge. Difficulties in facilitating necessary cooptation, uncertainty associated with innovation, and lengthy payback horizons contribute to MOI-implementation barriers within Uppsala region. A lack of structures that enable the synchronization of, and cooperation between, public and private actors has resulted in barriers for public actors to incentivize and facilitate activities towards achieving a regional expansion of biochar. Also, a lack of resource allocation to enable an MOI-implementation, results in barriers towards exploiting/counteracting contextual advantages/disadvantages towards achieving the regional mission. Contextual advantages include mobility of knowledgeable individuals, universities, and waste management facilities. Contextual disadvantages regard insufficient resource allocations, lack of public actor involvement, and policy which is currently unable of facilitating necessary activities. The results and associated theory support the notion that innovation policy should communicate routes and directions, and better organize actors and activities towards specific missions. Increasing the ability to assess previous and future MOI-implementations, while incentivizing cooperation through shared risks and rewards. Increased communication and assessments of MOI-implementations could also increase the ability to further develop contextual advantages. Contributing and expanding upon existing MOI-literature, this study emphasizes codification of knowledge as to increase the transferability of MOI-related policies and activities between, and within domains. Increased transferability could entail positive spillover effects, regarding the ability of actors to learn from successful, and non-successful MOI-related activities. This knowledge could increase the success rate of MOI-implementations, thus increasing the ability to further develop MOI-implementation frameworks.

The European Union, viewing itself as a normative actor, employs various means to disseminate its normative power within its member states, candidate countries, and the global context. The ERASMUS+ program comprises one of the tools designed to enhance the EU's international presence by facilitating cross-cultural interactions among participants and fostering group affiliations. This study aims to explore this impact on ERASMUS+ participants from EU candidate countries like Albania, employing constructivist concepts. By conducting interviews with both mobile and non-mobile Albanian exchange students, leading a comparative analysis, this research seeks to offer deeper insights into the extent to which the normative power of the EU influences these participants and their European identity formation. The guiding hypothesis, that participating in an ERASMUS+ program successfully shifts the identities of the students towards a more pro-European stance, has been verified through the discourse analysis of the interviewees answers. Hence, the normative power of the European Union is present and strengthened through this tool in the candidate countries.

No / We describe the Δlog P method for the assessment of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHBs), and show that it is not a very general method of distinguishing between molecules in which there is an IMHB and molecules in which there is no IMHB. The ‘double’ Δlog P method of Shalaeva et al. is a much more reliable method for the assessment of IMHB but requires the synthesis of a model compound and the determination of no less than four water-solvent partition coefficients. In addition, it is difficult to apply to compounds that contain more than one hydrogen bond acidic group capable of IMHB. We then describe our NMR method of assessing IMHB, based on 1H NMR chemical shifts in solvents DMSO and CDCl3. We have determined 1H NMR chemical shifts for a number of ortho-substituted anilines and show that the only compound we have studied that forms an IMHB is methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate though there is no IMHB present in methyl 2-aminobenzoate. This apparently anomalous result is supported by both MM and ab initio calculations. The NMR method is much simpler and less time consuming than other methods for the assessment of IMHB. It provides a quantitative assessment of IMHB and can be applied to molecules with more than one hydrogen bond acidic group.