A model for stress and strain accumulation in strike slip earthquake faults is presented in which a finite width cuboidal fault region is embedded between two cuboidal tectonic plates. Elasto-plastic continuum constitutive equations model the gouge in the fault and the tectonic plates are linear elastic solids obeying the generalised Hooke's law. The model predicts a velocity field which is comparable to surface deformations. The plastic behaviour of the fault material allows the velocities in the tectonic plate to increase to values which are independent of the distance from the fault. Both of the non-trivial stress and strain components accumulate most significantly in the vicinity of the fault. The release of these strains during a dynamic earthquake event would produce the most severe deformations at the fault which is consistent with observations and the notion of an epicenter. The accumulations in the model, however, are at depths larger than would be expected. Plastic strains build up most significantly at the base of the fault which is in yield for the longest length of time but additionally is subject to larger temperatures which makes the material more ductile. The speed of propagation of the elasto-plastic boundary is calculated and its acceleration towards the surface of the fault may be indicative of a dynamic earthquake type event.

The goal of this thesis is to study of the evolution of 3D electrically charged liquid droplets of fluid evolving under the influence of surface tension and electrostatic forces. In the first part of the thesis, an appropriate mathematical model of the problem is introduced and the linear stability analysis is developed by perturbing a sphere with spherical harmonics. In the second part, the numerical solution of the problem is described with the use of the boundary elements method (BEM) on an adaptive mesh of triangular elements. The numerical method is validated by comparison with exact solutions. Finally, various numerical results are presented. These include neck formation in droplets, the evolution of surfaces with holes, singularity formation on droplets with various symmetries and numerical evidence that oblate spheroids are unstable.

Singularity, opening and autonomy are essential elements considered fundamental in «Personalized Education». The article delves into the consequences of the singularity of every day practice of teaching and learning in the current context characterized, among other features, by increasing digitization. In the light of the outcome, it follows that the unique and unreapetable being of the person must be considered in relation to the teaching and educational reality from planning, execution and assessment.Every training process has to adapt to each specific situation and the features andinterests of the student encouraging his/her research capacity and creativity. Theteacher adopts, among others, a role of trainee and assessment becomes a source of learning, improving in this way the quality of academic training. / La singularidad, la apertura y la autonomía son elementos esenciales de lapersona considerados fundamentales en la «educación personalizada». El artículoprofundiza en las consecuencias de la singularidad en la práctica cotidiana de laenseñanza y el aprendizaje en el contexto actual caracterizado, entre otros aspectos, por una creciente digitalización. Se concluye que el ser único e irrepetible de la persona debe ser considerado en relación con la realidad docente y educativa desde la planificación, ejecución y evaluación. Todo proceso formativo ha de adaptarse a cada situación concreta y a las características e intereses del estudiante, fomentando su capacidad investigadora y su creatividad. El docente adopta, entre otros, un rol de aprendiz y la evaluación se convierte en una fuente de aprendizaje, mejorando así la calidad de la formación. / A singularidade, a abertura e a autonomia são elementos essenciais da pessoa efundamentais na «educação personalizada». O artigo aprofunda as consequenciasda singularidade na prática cotidiana do ensino e da aprendizagem no contextoatual caracterizando-se, entre outras coisas, por meio do aumento da digitalização.Conclui-se que o ser único e irrepetível da pessoa deve ser considerado na relaçãocom a realidade docente e educativa desde o planejamento, a execução e a avaliação.Todo o processo formativo deve se adaptar a cada situação concreta e às características e interesses do estudante, estimulando a sua capacidade investigativa e criativa. O docente adota, entre outras questões, um papel de aprendiz e a avaliação se torna uma fonte de aprendizagem, melhorando assim a qualidade da formação.

De la mondialisation à la globalisation, de la modernité à la postmodernité, de l"humain au transhumain : - la révolution numérique et technologique fait émerger des enjeux qui imprègnent notre quotidien au-delà même de ce que le sens commun peut imaginer. La massification des données, analysée comme la résultante d'une hyper-connectivité, liée à une convergence « big data-intelligence artificielle » pose la question de sa juste utilisation et répartition entre des acteurs privés très volontaristes (GAFA) et des institutions publics pour le moins dépassées, quant aux principes d'efficacité rationnelle représentant l'une des caractéristiques des datas. Une caractéristique prédictive qui correspond donc à un besoin vital des états. Une société humaine qui disposerait des connaissances précises de sa situation, pourrait faire des choix rationnels en fonction de scénarios prédictifs et n'agirait plus de la même façon et ne se normaliserait plus de la même façon. Si nous rejetons le transhumanisme dans sa dimension idéologique, nous prenons pour acquises les dimensions conceptuelles de la théorie dite de la singularité que nous problématisons dans ce travail par une analyse de l'information propre à une démarche d'intelligence économique, au-delà même de la pensée commune et d'un consensus hérité d'une école de pensée déductive qui s'est affirmée par la démonstration et imposée par une forme d'idéologie qui existe partout, si ce n'est dans les sciences sociales. La pensée inductive, dont la caractéristique première est la corrélation à vocation prédictive, verrait l'élaboration de scénarios probabilistes multidisciplinaires, audacieux et propres à la science politique, dont l'idée principale serait de détecter et d'anticiper, à l'instar de la médecine prédictive (c'est ce que nous dit la singularité), les grandes tendances sociétales et politiques futures. Cependant, la nature de ces travaux devra faire l'objet d'une indépendance totale. Le processus d'exploitation du big data par le biais d'algorithmes, hors processus traditionnels de validation scientifique, prendra appui sur un modèle nouveau, dans lequel la démonstration de la cause prendra sans doute une dimension quantique ou synaptique dans un futur proche, analysé ainsi, comme singulier. / From past world to globalization, from modernity to postmodernity, from the human to the transhuman: - the digital and technological revolution brings out issues that permeate our daily lives beyond even what common sense can imagine. The massification of data, analyzed as the result of a hyper-connectivity, linked to a convergence "big data-artificial intelligence" raises the question of its fair use and distribution between highly voluntary private actors (GAFA) and public institutions for the least outdated, as to the principles of rational efficiency representing one of the characteristics of datas. A predictive characteristic that corresponds to a vital need of states. A human society with specific knowledge of its situation could make rational choices based on predictive scenarios and would no longer behave in the same way and no longer normalize in the same way. If we reject transhumanism in its ideological dimension, we take for granted the conceptual dimensions of the theory of singularity that we problematize in this work by an analysis of information specific to an approach of economic intelligence, even beyond of common thought and consensus inherited from a deductive school of thought that has been affirmed by demonstration and imposed by a form of ideology that exists everywhere, if not in social sciences. Inductive thinking, whose primary characteristic is predictive correlation, would see the development of probabilistic, multidisciplinary, bold and peculiar political science scenarios, the main idea of which would be to detect and anticipate, as predictive medicine (this is what singularity tells us), major societal and political future trends. However, the nature of this work will have to be fully independent. The process of exploiting big data by means of algorithms, outside traditional processes of scientific validation, will be based on a new model, in which the proof of the cause will undoubtedly take on a quantum or synaptic dimension in a near future, analyzed thus, as singular.

Although band theory is about a century old, it remains relevant today as a tool for the treatment of electrons in solids. The confluence of mathematical ideas like geometry and topology with band theory has proven to be a ripe avenue for research in the past few decades. The importance of Fermi surface geometry, especially in conjunction with electronic correlation, has been well recognized. One particular thread in this direction is probing the occurrence of non-trivial Fermi surface geometry, and its influence on macroscopic properties of materials. A notable example of exotic Fermi surface geometry arises from singular points of the dispersion, and these have been known since 1953. The investigation into these was reignited recently, culminating in the work presented in this thesis. In this dissertation, I investigate two broad categories of singular points in bands. At a singular point, either the dispersion or the Fermi surface fail to be smooth. This may cause distinct signatures in transport and spectroscopic properties when the singular point occurs close to the Fermi level. In the two dimensional setting, I classify using catastrophe theory, the point singularities arising from higher order saddles of the dispersion. These are the more exclusive cousins of the regular van Hove saddle that cause, among other things, a power law divergence in the density of states. The role of lattice symmetries in aiding or preventing the occurrence of these singularities is also carefully explored. In the case of three dimensional bands, I investigate the spectroscopic properties of the nodal point singularity, arising from a linear band crossing. In particular, I determine the distinct signature of nodal points in the analytic, momentum resolved, joint density of states (JDOS) and the numerically calculated resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum, within the fast collision approximation that ignores core hole effects. The results presented here will be the stepping stone towards a careful future calculation, incorporating the potential edge singularity effects through core hole potential. Such a calculation may be directly comparable with ongoing experiments.

<p>Unexplained signals emanating from the pervasive Venusian clouds have intrigued scien- tists for more than half a century. Efforts to account for a myriad of perplexing measurements have motivated the development of new atmospheric missions to Venus. Fulfillment of science objectives in the inhospitable Venusian environment necessitates a range of mission archi- tectures, each of which poses significant design challenges which guide the development of new technologies. Missions of greater scope require increasingly intricate sample collection and measurement techniques, leading inevitably to the demand for long-duration science operations within the clouds. Sustained flight in the Venusian atmosphere may be afforded by high-altitude balloons. As such platforms have been studied extensively for terrestrial applications, it is prudent to consider which designs are most suitable for a given set of science goals. We present four balloon design options to accommodate Venus atmospheric science missions. We discuss system masses, envelope volumes, material characteristics, and mechanisms for altitude control as determined by the science objectives and cloud condi- tions. We consider three variations of a baseline mission architecture and corresponding gondola designs accommodating their distinct science instrument suites. The scientific value of long-duration in situ atmospheric sampling is surpassed only by the return of Venusian cloud material to Earth for investigation in a laboratory setting. Sample capture, orbit ac- quisition, and subsequent return to Earth may be accommodated by a high-altitude balloon, rocket, and rendezvous vehicle. Precise understanding of the balloon-rocket dynamics inside the clouds is required for launch attitude acquisition and may inform sample capture strat- egy. We present a generalized dynamical model for a balloon-gondola system. We model the system as a triple-spherical-floating-compound pendulum (TSFCP). Dynamical analyses of pendular motion frequently rely on the use of Eulerian angles as generalized coordinates, in- evitably resulting in the residence of trigonometric functions in the denominator. We present nonsingular equations of motion in terms of Euler parameters. We characterize a notional Venus sample return platform and simulate its motion in the Venusian atmosphere. We discuss the behavior of the system in response to wind gusts and initial perturbation. We consider limitations of the model as well as opportunities for its extension into future work.</p>

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En se penchant sur L’homme révolté d’Albert Camus, ce mémoire entend évaluer la pertinence de la révolte camusienne à l’aube du troisième millénaire. Du constat de l’absurde quant à la condition existentielle de l’homme, Camus a esquissé une révolte affranchie de toute idéologie en démontant, entre autres, les mécanismes propres à la philosophie de l’histoire et au nihilisme. À partir de la critique des pensées hégélienne, nietzschéenne et marxienne, il a tenté de définir les caractéristiques inhérentes à la révolte. Rédigé au milieu du XXe siècle, L’homme révolté est marqué par les séquelles d’une histoire chaotique déjà plus que cinquantenaire. Pour autant, son propos semble être encore d’actualité. Avec la complicité de philosophes contemporains tels que Cornélius Castoriadis, Pierre Rosanvallon et Bernard Stiegler, c’est autant la pertinence de la révolte camusienne qui est ici considérée qu’une corrélation entre cette révolte et la dignité humaine. L’homme révolté a-t-il encore sa place en ce début du troisième millénaire et dans l’affirmative : quelle est cette place? / By examining Albert Camus’ L’homme révolté (The Rebel), this dissertation intends to assess the relevance of Camusian revolt at the dawn of the third millennium. From an acknowledgement of the absurd as regards the existential condition of man, Camus outlined a revolt free of any ideology by demonstrating, for example, the mechanisms innate to the philosophy of history and nihilism. Starting with a critique of Hegelian, Nietzschean and Marxist thought, he attempted to define the characteristics inherent to rebellion. Written in the mid-20th century, L’homme révolté is marked by the aftermath of chaos and destruction of that era, yet now more than five decades on, his words appear to remain relevant today. With the complicity of contemporary philosophers such as Cornélius Castoriadis, Pierre Rosanvallon and Bernard Stiegler, this paper will focus not only on the pertinence of Camusian rebellion, but also on a correlation between revolt and human dignity. Does L’homme révolté still have his place as the third millennium begins and, if so, what is that place?

Thoughts on magic, spectacle, arena, material, materiality, marrow, invincibility, repetition, performance, sculpture, time, decay, temporality, tools, marks, gestures, writing, coaxing, site, stage, architecture, and movement.

L’effondrement des repères artistiques (que plusieurs associent aux premiers ready-made de Marcel Duchamp) dévoile les symptômes d’une crise de l’art. Comme l’histoire de l’art est en quelque sorte la représentation de ce que nous sommes, on peut raisonnablement penser que la crise s’étend bien au-delà de l’art. Toutefois, l’art possède un éclairage puissant, car il illustre, littéralement, plusieurs problèmes notamment au niveau du jugement et de la raison. Faute de repères, le monde contemporain manquerait-il de discernement ? Cette question est tout à fait légitime dans le contexte actuel où tout et n’importe quoi semblent pouvoir être élevés au rang de l’Art. Le culte que l’on voue à l’individu paraît être l’une des causes du problème. On observe qu’en régime de singularité (pour reprendre l’expression de la sociologue de l’art, Nathalie Heinich) les relations du monde de l’art sont de plus en plus conflictuelles : lorsqu’on demande à un artiste de justifier son propre travail, la rationalité devient nécessairement instrumentale ; on rend également caduc le rôle du critique et des institutions. Ce mémoire s’intéresse à analyser, dans une perspective philosophique, les différentes manifestations de la crise de l’art et ses enjeux dans le monde actuel. / The decline of artistic reference points (which several people associate with the first readymade of Marcel Duchamp) reveals the symptoms of a crisis in art. As the history of art is a representation of what we are, we can infer that the crisis extends far beyond art. However, art has the power to enlighten because it literally illustrates several problems, especially in terms of judgment and reasoning. Without references or common knowledge, could it be that our world is lacking in discernment ? This question is legitimate insofar as everything and anything seem to be elevated into Art in our present context. The cult of individualism seems to be one of the causes of the problem. As observed in the régime de singularité (in the words of art sociologist, Nathalie Heinich) relations in the world of art are becoming more and more conflicted : when asking an artist to justify his own work, rationality necessarily becomes instrumental; it also renders the role of critics and institutions obsolete. This thesis focuses on analyzing, from a philosophical perspective, the various manifestations of the crisis in art and its issues in the world today.