Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5206.pdf: 2320341 bytes, checksum: be12ab247cc9e581e622458ccc72e019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This research aimed to discuss the theoretical and methodological foundations of Sociology of Childhood, trying to answer some methodological challenges that arise for research with babies, from a dialogue with English speakers scholars. This is a qualitative theoretical and bibliographic research, which some contributions of the genealogy as proposed by Foucault. From the analysis of the scientific production of Alison James, Chris Jenks, Alan Prout, Jens Qvortrup, Leena Alanen and William Corsaro, we question the value of concepts and methodologies proposed for the study of children (such as the concepts of childhood, generation, and peer cultures) in case of the studies of babies. We emphasize the necessity of constituting theoretically the baby inside Childhood Studies, as an independent analytical category. We already emphasize that babies should not be studied adopting the same concepts used for the study of children and even using the same methodologies. We put in a dialogue the ideas of Foucault, Deleuze and Simondon, presents the work of Jenks (2005) and Prout (2005), and using some concepts from these scholars, we defend the idea that there is a difference between babies and children that cannot be ignored. From the ideas of these authors, we argue that "babies" are beings immersed in the pre-individual condition. Are becomings, difference, pure potentiality not individuated; while children are individuals who have an identity (of age, gender, cultural belonging, ethnic-racial, etc..) that babies don t have. In terms of methodology, we point out that this singular condition of babies cannot be studied from any methodology. This way, we highlight the cartography proposed by Deleuze, the schizoanalysis , used by Guattari, the Transgressive Method of Bataille and the methodology of Actor-Network Theory , as some apparently promising methodologies for the study of babies. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo discutir os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Sociologia da Infância de língua inglesa, buscando responder a alguns desafios metodológicos que se colocam para as pesquisas com bebês. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter teórico, que utilizou alguns aportes da genealogia, tal como proposta por Michel Foucault. A partir da análise da produção bibliográfica de Alison James, Chris Jenks, Alan Prout, Jens Qvortrup, Leena Alanen e William Corsaro, problematizamos a utilização de conceitos e metodologias, para o estudo dos bebês, propostos para o estudo das crianças (tais como os conceitos de infância, geração, e culturas de pares) e ressaltamos a necessidade de constituirmos teoricamente o bebê no interior dos Estudos da Infância, como uma categoria analítica independente. Destacamos que os bebês não devem ser estudados a partir dos mesmos conceitos utilizados para o estudo das crianças e nem a partir das mesmas metodologias. Colocando em diálogo algumas ideias de Foucault, Deleuze e Simondon, presentes na obra de Jenks (2005) e Prout (2005), defendemos a ideia de que existe uma diferença entre os bebês e as crianças que não pode ser ignorada. A partir de conceitos desses autores, argumentamos que bebês são seres imersos numa condição pré-individual. São devires, diferença, pura potencialidade não individuada; enquanto as crianças são também indivíduos/sujeitos constituindo-se por meio de identidades (etária, de gênero, de pertencimento cultural, étnico-racial, etc.) que não estão presentes, ainda, nos bebês. Em termos metodológicos, apontamos que essa condição singular dos bebês não pode ser estudada a partir de metodologias já consagradas às crianças, e destacamos a cartografia de Deleuze, a esquizoanálise de Guattari, o método transgressivo de Bataille e a metodologia da Teoria do Ator-Rede como algumas possibilidades metodológicas aparentemente promissoras para o estudo dos bebês.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLODOALDO SCHUTEL FURTADO NETO.pdf: 8051100 bytes, checksum: 8087fda1ce7bcc1fb1f0f63da1457107 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina construiu um simulador de vôo de baseado robô paralelo axissimétrico com 6 DoF (graus de liberdade) que incorpora ambiente de realidade virtual de imersão. Este simulador de vôo apresenta cadeia cinemática 6-RUS que é a segunda arquitetura mais comum para esta aplicação. Robôs paralelos são mecanismos de cadeia fechada que apresentam bom desempenho em termos de precisão, rigidez e capacidade para manipular grandes cargas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo otimizar um robô paralelo 6- RUS para determinar os melhores localizações das juntas ativas ( posição e orientação ) para uma tarefa de simulação de vôo usando um algoritmo PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) para escapar de mínimos locais e um algoritmo de Ponto Interior para acelerar a procurar pelo ótimo na região indicada por PSO ou seja o algoritmo de Ponto Interior trabalha para encontrar fundo do vale indicado pelo PSO. / The Santa Catarina State University built a flight simulator based on 6-DoF axisymmetric parallel robot which incorporates virtual reality immersion environment. This flight simulator presents 6-RUS kinematic chain which is the second most common architecture for this application. Hunt proposed this chain architecture early in 1983. Parallel robots are closed-loop mechanisms that present good performance in terms of accuracy, rigidity and ability to manipulate large loads. This work aims to optimize a 6- RUS parallel robot to determine the optimal active joints locations (position and orientation) for a flight simulation task using a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm to escape from local minima and an Interior Point algorithm to accelerate the search for the optimum in the region indicated by PSO i.e. Interior Point algorithm work to find bottom of the valley indicated by PSO.

[pt] O Santa Clara foi uma instituição de acolhimento infantil que funcionou de 1987 até 2010 e construiu, ao longo desses anos, uma forma particular de funcionamento, pois rompia com os modelos legalmente previstos. Seus membros se intitulavam como Família Santa Clara, e se organizavam como tal, tendo irmãos mais velhos e novos, tios e tias e um casal como pais. Eles abriram mão de suas atividades profissionais para acolher o desafio de estar à frente de uma instituição de acolhimento realmente singular. Iniciamos esta pesquisa visando a explorar as características que diferenciava o Santa Clara das demais instituições, entender o que era família para eles e como se organizavam. Para alcançar esses objetivos, tomamos por referência o ponto de vista do casal Cícero e Eliete, fundadores do projeto. Através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisamos seus conteúdos para melhor entender a proposta. Com isso, emergiram categorias como: liberdade, menorismo, educação, capacidade de sonhar e, claro, família. Essas categorias ampliaram para nós as discussões sobre o acolhimento e o cuidado com crianças que permanecem por muito tempo em instituições, além de nos mostrar como é importante ouvir e dar espaço para que as crianças e adolescentes sejam livres e responsáveis. Diante disso, discutimos brevemente os modelos de acolhimentos legais, problematizando o conceito de família. / [en] Santa Clara was a residential home for children that was open from 1987 to 2010 and built, over the course of those years, a particular way of working, as it broke with the legally established models. Its members called themselves the Santa Clara Family, and organized themselves as older brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, and a couple as parents. They quit their professional activities in order to meet the challenge of being at the forefront of a truly unique institution. We started this research seeking to explore the characteristics that differentiated Santa Clara from other institutions and to understand what the concept of family was for them as well as how they organized themselves. In order to achieve these goals, we take as a reference the point of view of Cícero and Eliete, the founders of the project. Through semi-structured interviews, we analyze the information provided by them to better understand their proposal. Thereby, some categories emerged: freedom, minorism, education, ability to dream and, of course, family. These categories have broadened our discussions about fostering and caring for children in institutions for a long time, and have also shown us how important it is to listen and give space for children and adolescents to be free and responsible. Given this, we briefly discuss the legal fostering models, problematizing the concept of family.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5616.pdf: 1508785 bytes, checksum: 8acab0472b6c2fd5a1f8198609215bef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In The interpretation of dreams, Freud presents a rich material of dream analyses, which is articulated with the establishment of general theses about the dream, leading into the metapsychological formulations about the psychic apparatus carried out in the seventh and last chapter. With the purpose of investigating the relations between singularity and universality that are characterized in the book, we have distinguished, among these three epistemic planes, two moments where it is constituted, in which one of them, a relation between two of those planes. In the first moment, we have analyzed the relation that finds itself in the domain between one dream and all dreams, i.e., between the detailed analysis of a singular dream and the general theses about the dream. We have identified that in the articulation between these two terms Freud makes use of the profound analysis of singular cases, taken as exemplar cases that present more clearly a determinate general characteristic of dream, but he also extends himself in brief analyses of various dreams, dwelling on the plurality of experience that articulates itself to a general thesis. In a second moment we have analyzed the relations that are at stake when we take the dream as one psychic formation among others, establishing epistemic relations with the psychopathological formations and with the psychic apparatus, which should be responsible for all psychic formations. While Freud initially intends to base the explication of psychopathological formations in the explication of dream, this epistemic order is inverted, in so far as it is based on the psychology of neurosis that he is going to justify the universality of the presence of the infantile desire on dream. In the same way, while a first reading that tried to understand the schema of the psychic apparatus only based on the interpretation of dreams would find its limit, it is necessary to recognize that there is a reciprocal subordination between the interpretation and the metapsychological explanation, as asserted by Monzani. / Em A interpretação dos sonhos, Freud apresenta um rico material de análises de sonhos, que se articula ao estabelecimento de teses gerais sobre o sonho, vindo a desembocar, no sétimo e último capítulo, nas formulações metapsicológicas acerca do aparelho psíquico. Com o propósito de investigar as relações entre singularidade e universalidade que se configuram na obra, distinguimos, entre estes três planos epistêmicos, dois momentos onde se constitui, em cada um deles, uma relação entre dois daqueles planos. Em um primeiro momento, analisamos a relação que se situa no domínio entre um sonho e todos os sonhos, isto é, entre a análise pormenorizada de um sonho singular e as teses gerais sobre o sonho. Identificamos que, na articulação entre estes dois termos, Freud lança mão da análise em profundidade de casos singulares, tomados como casos exemplares que apresentam mais claramente certa característica geral do sonho, mas também se prolonga em análises breves de diversos sonhos, estendendo-se na pluralidade da experiência que se articula a uma tese geral. Em um segundo momento, analisamos as relações postas em jogo quando se toma o sonho em geral como uma formação psíquica singular, entre outras, estabelecendo relações epistêmicas com as formações psicopatológicas e com o aparelho psíquico, este que deveria ser, no limite, responsável por todas as formações psíquicas. Enquanto Freud se propõe, inicialmente, a fundamentar a explicação das formações psicopatológicas na explicação do sonho, essa ordem epistêmica é invertida, na medida em que é a partir da psicologia das neuroses que ele vai justificar a universalidade da presença do desejo infantil no sonho. Do mesmo modo, enquanto uma primeira leitura que tentasse derivar o esquema do aparelho psíquico apenas da interpretação de sonhos encontraria o seu limite, é preciso reconhecer que há uma subordinação recíproca entre a interpretação e a explicação metapsicológica, como afirma Monzani.

Submitted by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-12-12T16:45:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RALA_Rebeca_2017.pdf: 1585335 bytes, checksum: a62534629af27f60aaae3bcf73d8f2cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-12-12T16:46:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RALA_Rebeca_2017.pdf: 1585335 bytes, checksum: a62534629af27f60aaae3bcf73d8f2cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-12-12T16:46:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RALA_Rebeca_2017.pdf: 1585335 bytes, checksum: a62534629af27f60aaae3bcf73d8f2cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-12T16:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RALA_Rebeca_2017.pdf: 1585335 bytes, checksum: a62534629af27f60aaae3bcf73d8f2cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14 / Não recebi financiamento / This research is a feminine writing that seeks to map the path of an educator and researcher involved in the search for an understanding of the politics of subjectivation that cross us, relating them to the education's territory. From a perspective of the chronogenetics (ROLNIK, 1993), memories were recovered that contained in themselves elements representative of the restlessness that moved the research and the composition of its intentions. The methodological question was constructed from the dialogue between the concepts of rhizome (DELEUZE & GUATARRI, 1995), plurality of reasons (PETERS, 2000) and cartography (KASTRUP, STEPS, SCOTLAND, 2012; ROLNIK, 2013). We sought to make the research an experience of the thought exercise, acceptance "feeling" and creation of ways and lines of escape in favor of expanding the potency of life in the territory of education and in the construction of other ways of being in the world that contemplate our needs and affections. / Este trabalho é uma escrita feminina que procura cartografar o percurso de uma educadora e pesquisadora implicada na busca pela compreensão das políticas de subjetivação que nos atravessam, relacionando-as com o território da educação. A partir de uma perspectiva da cronogenética (ROLNIK, 1993), foram resgatadas memórias que continham em si elementos representativos das inquietações que movimentaram a pesquisa e a composição de suas intenções. A questão metodológica foi construída a partir do diálogo entre os conceitos de rizoma (DELEUZE & GUATARRI, 1995), pluralidade de razões (PETERS, 2000) e cartografia (KASTRUP, PASSOS, ESCÓCIA, 2012; ROLNIK, 2013). Procurou-se fazer da pesquisa uma experiência de exercício do pensamento, acolhimento do “sentir” e criação de caminhos e linhas de fuga em favor da expansão da potência de vida no território da educação e na construção de outros modos de ser e estar no mundo que contemplem nossas necessidades e afetos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6734.pdf: 1320765 bytes, checksum: e8301fa78fad06ab036c2f3ff316f41e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / That bibliographic theoretical-characterized survey has been as its beginning the following question: How is an individual constituted? By searching the solution for this question, we have mainly based on the thesis of Gilbert Simondon, a French philosopher, The Individuation under the Light of Notions about Shape and Information (1958), which along with the comprehension about his concepts, sought in natural sciences like inequality, meta stability and transduction. That permitted not only to understand the individual from his individuation process, but also to realize an occurring reality that antecedes it a reality that Simondon himself called pre individual. Moreover, since Simondon show us that the being is never to individuate himself, that pre-individual reality both coexists with the individual and will be his genesis. This point in Simondon s philosophy will make possible for us to answer our own questions. Would the individuation processes not be distinguishing processes, too? In case affirmative, would these singularization processes not be a deindividuation, too? In order to answer our own questions, we have performed, face to Simondon s proposal surveys about the philosophy of difference proposed by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the psychoanalyst Felis Guattari, and by Deleuze s comments about Simondon s philosophy. We have permitted ourselves, therefore, to perform an approach to education, which led us, not only to propose a new manner of understanding education, but also rethinking its practices. For that, we have had to delimitate a theoretical field made up by so many other surveys and texts, which could approximate to what we have performed, that is, which worked out with Simondon, the philosophy of difference and education. / Esta pesquisa de caráter teórico bibliográfico teve como ponto de partida o seguinte questionamento: Como o indivíduo se constitui? Na busca de resolver esta questão, encontramo-nos em Gilbert Simondon, filósofo francês, mais especificamente com sua tese A Individuação à Luz das Noções de Forma e se Informação (1958), que juntamente com a compreensão de seus conceitos, os quais ele vai buscar nas ciências naturais como disparação, metaestabilidade, e transdução permitiu não apenas compreender o indivíduo a partir do seu processo de individuação, mas de perceber a existência de uma realidade que antecede não só o indivíduo, mas o próprio processo de individuação, uma realidade que o próprio Simondon chamou de pré-individual. E como o Simondon nos demonstra, que o ser nunca para de se individuar, essa realidade pré-individual além de coexistir com o indivíduo será também sua gênese. É esse ponto na filosofia de Simondon que nos possibilitará também responder as nossas próprias questões. Se os processos de individuações também não são processos de singularizações? E sendo que sim, esses processos de singularizações não seriam também uma desindividuação? Para responder as nossas próprias perguntas, realizamos, frente a proposta de Simondon, aportes da filosofia da diferença proposta pelo filosofo francês Gilles Deleuze e pelo psicanalista Felix Guattari e nos comentários que Deleuze faz a filosofia de Simondon. Permitindo-nos assim, realizar uma aproximação com a educação, o que nos levou a não só propor uma nova maneira de compreender a educação, mas também, de repensar as suas práticas. Para tal, foi preciso delimitar um campo teórico composto por tantas outras pesquisas e tantos outros textos que aproximassem com o que realizamos, isto é, que trabalhassem com o Simondon, com a filosofia da diferença e com a educação.

Le travail mené dans cette thèse est une contribution au développement mécatronique d'interfaces haptiques pour un système de télé-opération dédié aux applications médicales du type chirurgie mini-invasive. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mené une évaluation d'une interface « maître » existante, ayant une architecture parallèle sphérique et développée au sein de l'équipe robotique de l'Institut PPRIME. Cette évaluation a montré la présence de singularités, en particulier des singularités parallèles, à l'intérieur de l'espace du travail de l'interface. La présence de singularités altère le comportement cinématique en amplifiant les erreurs de résolution du modèle géométrique direct d'une part et les couples actionneurs lors du retour d'effort d'autre part. Dans un deuxième temps, différentes approches ont été proposées pour résoudre les problèmes liés à la présence des singularités. La première approche a consisté à utiliser la redondance de capteurs et la redondance d'actionneurs pour palier à ces effets dans la structure existante. Dans la seconde approche, nous avons proposé une nouvelle architecture mécanique optimale qui élimine les singularités présentent dans l'espace de travail. Les résultats obtenus, avec cette nouvelle structure à travers les essais expérimentaux réalisés sur le prototype, sont conformes aux objectifs fixés. Les deux interfaces haptiques ont été utilisées pour contrôler avec succès un robot dédié à la chirurgie mini-invasive. Le comportement du système global « robot esclave interface haptique » ouvre des perspectives prometteuses aussi bien pour de futures études scientifiques que pour un transfert industriel. / A contribution for a development of haptic devices for tele-operation system is presented in this thesis. This device is dedicated for medical applications such as minimally invasive surgery tasks. In one first step, an evaluation of the existing master device is carried out. This device has a spherical parallel architecture and has been developed within the robotics team of PPRIME Institute. The evaluation of this device has shown the presence of parallel singularities located in its workspace. This singularity alters the kinematic behavior of the structure by amplifying the errors in solving the forward kinematics and amplifying the actuator torques for the haptic feedback. In a second step, different approaches have been proposed to solve the problems related to the presence of the singularities. The first approach consists in using redundancy of sensors and actuators for the existing structure in order to overcome the effects of singularities. In the second approach, we have proposed a new optimal mechanical architecture that eliminates the singularity. The results obtained with this new structure through the experimental testing of the prototype, are in accordance with the expected ones. The two haptic devices have been used to successfully control a robot dedicated to minimally invasive surgery. The behavior of the overall system "robot and haptic device" opens up promising prospects for future studies as well as for industrial transfer.

No description available.

L'Éthique de Spinoza est traversée par une tension entre la centralité reconnue au corps sur le plan théorique et sa relative marginalisation sur le plan textuel. D'un côté, l'Éthique affirme explicitement l'impossibilité de séparer la connaissance que nous avons de l'esprit de celle que nous avons du corps. C'est pour cette raison que la deuxième partie de cette œuvre − dédiée à la nature et à l'origine de l'esprit − confère au corps le rôle de protagoniste dans la longue section textuelle que l’on a coutume d'appeler "Abrégé de physique". D'un autre côté, la volonté d'indiquer au lecteur la voie qui peut le conduire à la liberté et au bonheur « de l'esprit » impose à tout l'exposé spinozien une perspective tendanciellement mentale, dans laquelle la présence du corps se dissipe pour devenir plus disséminée et feutrée. Le but de ma thèse est d’aborder le défi interprétatif induit par ce jeu de présences et d’absences, de dits et de non-dits, et de restaurer la centralité du corps dans le système spinozien en reconstruisant les usages et les significations des références à la corporéité qui sont éparpillées tout le long du texte. À cette fin, mon enquête commence par l'éclaircissement de la tâche assignée à l'Abrégé de physique (Introduction). Elle se poursuit le long de trois itinéraires qui serpentent autour des notions de « individuum » (Section I), « motus spontaneus corporis » (Section II), « fabrica » et « constitutio » (Section III). Elle s’achève sur l'analyse de la fonction cachée du corps et de sa durée dans l'« amour intellectuel de Dieu ». / Scattered throughout the Ethics of Spinoza is the tension between the centrality afforded to the theoretical recognition of the body and its relative textual marginalization. On the one hand, the Ethics explicitly asserts the impossibility of separating our knowledge of the mind from that of the body. For that reason, the second part of theEthics – dedicated to the nature and the origin of the mind – confers on the body the role of a protagonist in the long textual section. On the other hand, the desire to lead readers toward freedom and happiness “of the mind” imposes on all Spinozian philosophy a tendential mental perspective in which the presence of the body becomes more dispersed and blurred. The purpose of my dissertation is to approach the interpretative challenge inferred by this duality of presences and absences, of the said and the unsaid, and to restore the centrality of the body in the Spinozian system by reconstructing the argumentative functions and the rethoric strategies through which the references to corporeity appear in the text.To this end, my inquiry begins with the clarification of the task assigned to the so-called 'Summary of Physics' (Introduction). It then takes up three independent but intertwining directions around the notions of “individuum” (Section I) “motus spontaneous corporis” (Section II), “fabrica” and “constitutio” (Section III) to terminate with an analysis of the hidden role of the body and its duration in the “intellectual love of God.” Each of these routes addresses certain hitherto little studied details that form part of the “minor lexicon” of Spinozian philosophy, to restore the conceptual network to which they belong and to enlighten their systematic meaning.

Les organisations sont aujourd’hui confrontées à des exigences croissantes en matière de performance et de qualité. Leur survie dépend de leur faculté d’adaptation permanente à un environnement changeant et de leur capacité à développer leur efficience pour rester concurrentielles. Cette évolution laisse de moins en moins de place à l’improvisation et à « l’à peu près » et incite à plus de professionnalisme pour plus d’efficience.Pour réussir ce challenge, elles disposent d’une « ressource » essentielle, le potentiel humain. La très grande majorité des auteurs s’accorde pour reconnaître l’importance des acteurs, de leur talent et de leur créativité dans la performance des organisations. On constate cependant que, même si, progressivement, l’individu et ses besoins d’individuation et de réalisation personnelle sont de mieux en mieux reconnus et pris en compte dans la société, peu d’entreprises les considèrent comme un levier essentiel de leur efficience.Les organisations entretiennent, en effet, avec leurs ressources humaines, des rapports complexes, à géométrie variable, qui influencent leurs modes de management.Dès lors, l’objet de notre recherche vise à définir les modalités de management les plus favorables à l’instauration d’une coopération efficace des acteurs, considérés dans leur singularité, pour une démarche de changement organisationnel efficiente.Pour ce faire, nous étudions :– les systèmes d’interactions managériales ;– la place laissée dans ces systèmes aux acteurs dans leur singularité ;– l’impact de la prise en compte de la singularité des acteurs sur l’efficience de l’organisation, notamment en phase de changement organisationnel. / Nowadays, companies have to face greater expectations in terms of performance and quality. Their survival depends on their ability to constantly adapt to a changing environment and increase their efficiency in order to remain competitive. With such a change, improvisation and approximation are less welcome and professionalism is the key that will lead to greater effectiveness.To meet the challenge, they can rely on the crucial asset that is their human potential. Most authors agree on the fact that the actors with their skills and creativity are essential to the success of a company. Yet, even though society seems to be getting better at taking people’s needs of individualisation and personal fulfilment into account, very few companies see these needs as an essential lever to their efficiency.To various degrees, companies tend to have complex relationships with their human resources which end up having an impact on their management methods.From then on, our research will focus on defining the most suitable management methods that will help establish an effective cooperation with the individualized actors, and lead to a different and more efficient organization.And doing so, we will look at:- the different systems we find in terms of management interaction;- the importance given to the actors in their individuality in such systems;- the impact that taking the actors’ singularity into account can have on the company’s; efficiency, especially during the transitional phase of the reorganization.