Product placement has been intensely studied in almost every mass communications medium. One notable exception is in children's picture books where scholarship on the placement of products and brands has been severely underserved despite a steady presence in a medium integral to socialization and society. The present study recognizes the unique characteristics of the shared reading that takes place in this medium and explores its effects on memory for and attitudes toward product placements within children's picture books. Using a laboratory experiment, quantitative statistical analysis of resulting data, and qualitative exploration of themes resulting from subjects' responses, the present study demonstrates that the practice of shared reading positively affects both recollection and attitudes toward product placement in children's picture books. It also discusses the results in the context of their ethical and practical applications and implications.

Notre recherche vise à élaborer des propositions pédagogiques et des outils de formation continue, pour des enseignants de FLE dont le public suit une formation scientifique et technique dans une école d’ingénieurs. Dans un cadre épistémologique de didactique des langues et des cultures, nous nous positionnons dans la continuité des travaux actuels. Nous montrons aussi comment des outils ethnographiques peuvent enrichir une analyse des besoins pour ces publics « spécifiques » et favoriser une approche de l’analyste et de l’enseignant de FLE décentrée. A partir de cette approche par tâche située, des contenus langagiers ont été identifiés et des propositions pédagogiques pour le français émises. Issue de la pratique de terrain, notre recherche-action propose, pour finir, des pistes de formation continue pour les enseignants de FLE qui forment des publics interagissant dans des contextes spécifiques. / This research aims to develop educational proposals and tools for on-going training for teachers of French as a foreign language (FLE) having an audience of non-French speaking learners undertaking scientific and technical training in a french graduate engineering school. Part of an epistemological and didactical framework, the research is in the continuity of current studies. It shows also how ethnographic tools can enrich an analysis of the needs of these « specific » audiences and privilege an approach of the analyst and the FLE teachers, which move away from their perceptions on language, scientific and technical studies, and the industry of energy and transport.From this approach by social task, linguistic contents were identified and educational proposals for the FLE were put forward. Another outcome of the field work is that this action-research offers on-going training options for FLE teachers having to teach to audiences interacting in specific contexts.

Globally, in low and middle-income countries 4 out of every 10 pregnancies is reported to be unintended. Having an unintended pregnancy increases the risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, preterm birth, low birth weight, and decreases rates of breast-feeding. The United States (U.S.) consistently has some of the highest rates of preterm birth, infant and maternal mortality of all high-income countries and 45% of all pregnancies in the U.S. are reported to be unintended. The etiology of these outcomes and their relationship to pregnancy intention are complex and multifactorial, but we know this disproportionately effects women living in poverty both in the U.S. and globally. When couples have the knowledge, access, and power to decide when and whether to become pregnant they are more likely to seek preconception care, thus increasing the likelihood of planned pregnancies leading to improved maternal and child health outcomes. Primary prevention strategies to improve maternal/child health outcomes in the U.S. include sexual and reproductive health considerations such as increasing access to birth control. Globally, strategies include expanding access, as well as focusing on the empowerment of women and improving gender social norms. Focusing on community level norms and individual empowerment can lead to greater reproductive autonomy, which in turn leads to an increase in the uptake of birth control and family planning. This broader consideration of multiple levels of power or autonomy is often lacking in approaches taken in the U.S. More information is needed about the social context and determinants of pregnancy intention in our communities, particularly of women living in poverty. The purposes of this dissertation were to 1) to describe reproductive autonomy and family planning challenges in a population of marginalized Ecuadorian women; 2) develop a conceptual framework of reproductive autonomy from the global literature; 3) to validate a shortened form of an interpersonal violence scale used in a study of low-income pregnant women in Kentucky; and finally 4) to investigate the association between pregnancy intention and individual, interpersonal and community factors of impoverished women living in Kentucky. The qualitative study of women in Ecuador identified barriers and facilitators to family planning in a low-resource community. The major themes that emerged were that women’s autonomy was limited by men, shame was ‘keeping women quiet’, systems failed women, and as women aged they were able to build resilience in spite of these challenges. Many reported reproductive coercion, gender-based violence, and regret. Those who could leave unsupportive partners and found social support were more effective at planning their pregnancies. Evidence supports these themes are relatively common in the global literature, particularly of women living in poverty. The comprehensive review of these findings was used to develop a conceptual framework of reproductive autonomy. The Socio-Ecological Model was used to organize the data based on individual, interpersonal or community level determinants of pregnancy intention and reproductive autonomy. This new conceptual model, called the Power and Reproductive Autonomy (PARA) model, was used as a guide to analyze multiple levels of data in a secondary analysis of pregnant women living in poverty in Kentucky. Prior to this secondary analysis study, a measure used in the parent study needed to be validated. A short form of the Women’s Experience with Battering (WEB) scale was found to be psychometrically valid to measure of the impact of intimate partner violence for this population. Findings from the secondary analysis included high rates of unintended pregnancy (66%), and women with unintended pregnancy were more likely to report exposure to interpersonal violence, poor social support, and anxiety at the bivariate level. At the community (county) level those with an unintended pregnancy were more likely to live in counties with fewer social associations, and in rural communities. None of the access, gender equity, income inequality, or violence variables were correlated to pregnancy intention. In the final multilevel model, controlling for demographic variables, only being unmarried and answering the question in English were significant predictors of unintended pregnancy. The rate of social associations in a county was marginally significant with pregnancy intention, in that the presence of social associations appeared to decrease the likelihood of unintended pregnancy. Operationalizing the PARA framework to examine predictors of unintended pregnancy in Kentucky proved to not yield expected results; county level variables related to access, gender equity, and violence were not found to be significantly correlated. Women answering the question in Spanish had significantly higher rates of planned pregnancy, which is a new finding. Having opportunities for social engagement also seemed to be a protective factor in preventing unintended pregnancies. Limitations of cross-sectional data also make it a challenge to capture cumulative life stressors which could contribute to poor reproductive autonomy. Future studies may yield a greater understanding of the social context of pregnancy intention if more interpersonal data related specifically to reproductive autonomy are in the model, such as reproductive coercion, relationship power, communication, and contraceptive decision making. Additionally, further examination of structures or systems that provide economic opportunities in the community is a promising area of reproductive autonomy and pregnancy intention research.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-24T14:26:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100683.pdf: 1872840 bytes, checksum: 2bd37cd9209f5335da85a17a5be67de1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-24T14:33:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100683.pdf: 1872840 bytes, checksum: 2bd37cd9209f5335da85a17a5be67de1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-24T14:37:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100683.pdf: 1872840 bytes, checksum: 2bd37cd9209f5335da85a17a5be67de1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-24T15:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100683.pdf: 1872840 bytes, checksum: 2bd37cd9209f5335da85a17a5be67de1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-04 / Este trabalho teve o principal objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento do contexto social que circunda empreendedores inovadores brasileiros e espanhóis que emergem em seus próprios países de origem, procurando mapear e entender relações sociais relevantes estabelecidas durante o delicado período de emergência de seus empreendimentos no final do século XX e começo do XXI. Autores alinhados com o pensamento da sociologia econômica foram utilizados como referência para a determinação das perguntas de pesquisa, que provocaram a realização de um estudo comparativo entre empreendedores finalistas de um mesmo prêmio atribuído a empreendedores inovadores brasileiros e espanhóis. No total, 19 empreendedores oriundos de setores emparelhados em ambos os países foram entrevistados e documentos sobre eles e seus empreendimentos foram levantados, possibilitando verificar, entre outras coisas, a influência relativamente homogênea do contexto social de ambos os países no período de emergência de empreendimentos fundados por empreendedores advindos de classes sociais mais elevadas destas sociedades, com especial ênfase nas complicadas características do padrão de financiamento dos empreendimentos, no aumento consistente do apoio social e público ao empreendedorismo, no elevado envolvimento emocional que os empreendedores estabelecem com seus empreendimentos e no peculiar papel das relações de confiança construídos entre os empreendedores, seus sócios e funcionários. / This study had the main objective to contribute to the understanding of the social context that surrounded the innovative Brazilian and Spanish entrepreneurs that emerged in their own countries of origin, seeking to map and understand relevant social relations established during the delicate period of emergence of their ventures in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, focusing specifically on the role that organizations and social norms had over this period. Authors aligned with the thinking of economic sociology were used as reference for the determination of research questions, which led to the execution of a comparative study between entrepreneur finalists of the same award given to innovative Brazilian and Spanish entrepreneurs. A total of 19 entrepreneurs coming from sectors paired in the countries were interviewed and documents about them and their ventures were studied, making it possible to verify, among other things, the relatively homogeneous influence of the social context of both countries during the emergence of ventures founded by entrepreneurs coming from higher social classes, with particular emphasis on the complicated standards of financing options, on the consistent increase in social and public support to entrepreneurship, in the high emotional involvement that entrepreneurs establish with their ventures and in the peculiar role that trust play among entrepreneurs, their partners and employees.

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how women experience midlife. Social constructionism, which fits within the postmodern tradition, was the epistemological framework informing this study. Participants were asked to provide their life stories in text form. Texts were interpreted using the hermeneutic method of analysis. The researcher attempted to understand the midlife experience from the perspective of each participant whose meaning, attitudes and ideas have developed within a social context, keeping in mind that the researcher's own social context, ideas and values affected the interpretation of the texts. The research results add a new perspective to the `grand narrative' of midlife as a `crisis'. The new `voice' speaks of the possibility of positive development - of overcoming adversity; taking control; re-assessing life; breaking old patterns; discovering peace; putting down roots; confronting reality; gaining independence and finding new meaning. / Psychology / MA (Clinical Psychology)

This research comprised an investigation into the relationship between transformational leadership and organisational creativity. The overall aim of the research was to determine whether creativity in organisations can be linked to transformational leadership behaviours. A literature review was done to conceptualise transformational leadership and organisational creativity and to identify the theoretical relationship between these concepts. During the investigation it was found that a relationship does exist between transformational leadership and organisational creativity. A one-way ANOVA analysis and post hoc analysis were performed to address the empirical research questions. The descriptive statistics were analysed in terms of senior management and middle management, and their raters. The data analysis revealed that the research results were largely supportive of the theoretical research findings on the relationship between transformational leadership and organisational creativity. With regard to senior management, it was found that most raters rated their teams as creative, despite the fact that a relationship between transformational leadership and organisational creativity could not be determined due to the small sample size. With regard to middle management, it was found that a correlation existed between inspirational motivation, idealised influence (attributes and behaviour) and organisational creativity. It was further found that there was a correlation between senior management’s perceptions of their transformational leadership attributes and their direct reportees’ perceptions. There were significant differences between middle managers’ perceptions of certain elements of transformational leadership and that of their direct reportees. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Text in English / The purpose of this study is to tell the story around the roles of relationships in the world of depressed women. The epistemological framework of this study is constructivism. This study involved a series of in-depth interviews with three depressed women who had young children. Hermeneutics was the method used to analyse the data. The stories of the participants were recounted through the researcher's lens in the form of themes that emerged. The specific ways each participant tried to cope, and the emerging processes from the researcher's perspective as to what she believed was helpful or unhelpful to the participants, in addition to what the participants themselves regarded as helpful, was discussed. Recurring themes evident in the stories of all three participants were elucidated in the story of the stories. The information gained could serve as guidelines to those working with depressed people from a Western and an African context. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

I denna studie har vi med ett kvantitativt tillvägagångsätt analyserat hur den självskattade hälsan hos en sjukdomspopulation förhåller sig till socioekonomiska faktorer, social kontext och de tre inkomsthypoteserna. De tre inkomsthypoteserna avser absolutinkomsthypotesen, relativinkomsthypotesen och inkomstskillnadshypotesen. Datamaterialet som ligger till grund för denna studie baseras på registerdata över cirka 7700 patienter över 18 år från Stockholms län som genomgått ryggkirurgi under åren 2006–2016. Den självskattade hälsan analyserades både vid inskrivningstillfället i samband med ryggkirurgi samt som förändringen i den självskattade hälsan från inskrivningstillfället till ett år efter operationen. Till vår vetskap har tidigare forskning inte i någon större utsträckning analyserat sambandet mellan socioekonomiska faktorer och förändringen i självskattad hälsa i samband med vårdinsats, vilket är en del av vårt forskningsbidrag. Resultaten indikerar att social kontext inte har ett statistiskt signifikant samband med förändringen i självskattad hälsa. Vid analys av den initiala hälsonivån finner vi dock tvetydiga resultat för inkomstskillnadshypotesen och relativinkomsthypotesen. Vi finner att absolutinkomsten har en positiv korrelation med den självskattade hälsan både vid inskrivningstillfället och vid förändringen. Vi finner även att universitetsutbildning har ett statiskt signifikant och positivt samband med förändringen i självskattad hälsa dock gäller inte detta för den självskattade hälsan vid inskrivningstillfället. Våra resultat indikerar även att vara född utanför Europa har en statistiskt signifikant negativ korrelation med den självskattade hälsan vid inskrivningstillfället samt vid förändringen i självskattad hälsa. Våra resultat ger en djupare förståelse för vilka faktorer som kan ligga till grund för skillnader i självskattad hälsa hos en sjukdomspopulation. Vidare ger studien underlag för utformning av policyrekommendationer som riktar sig mot en jämnare fördelning av hälsa i samhället genom implementering av tolk och individuellt anpassad information / In this study, we analyzed the correlation between differences in self-reported health, socioeconomic status, social context and the three income hypotheses. The three income hypotheses refer to the absolute income hypothesis, the relative income hypothesis and the income inequality hypothesis. The sample of our study consists of about 7700 individuals age 18 and above from Stockholm county who have gone through surgery due to back pain in the years 2006-2016. With a quantitative approach, we analyzed the correlations between socioeconomic status, social context and health at two times in conjunction to a health care input. To our knowledge has previous research not to a greater extent analyzed the connection between socioeconomic status and the change in health in connection to a health care input, which is part of the contribution of this study. The results indicate that social context does not have a statistically significant correlation with the change in health after a health care input, although we find ambiguous results for the income inequality hypothesis and the relative income hypothesis when analyzing the initial health status. We find that absolute income has a statistically significant and positive correlation with both the initial self-rated health and the change in self rated health over time. An education at university has a statistically significant and positive correlation with the change in self-rated health between the two-time periods, however we do not find this result for the initial health status. Our results indicate that to be born outside of Europe correlates negatively and statistically significant with the change in selfreported health and the initial health status. Our results give a deeper understanding and knowledge to which factors that could explain differences in health for a population with a defined disease. Furthermore, based on our results we give policy recommendations targeted at a more even distribution of health in Sweden through implementing the use of translators and individually customized information.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:49:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 3532094 bytes, checksum: c8e7eaeec2118e1284f0f7866c1fd2e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study is to analyse the role of learning in the development process of collective competencies at the Human Resources Department of the Federal University of Campina Grande. With this in mind, we outlined the following objectives: (a) to describe the process of including civil servants in the professional action context; (b) to describe the learning process at the Human Resources Department; (c) to characterize the factors which facilitate and jeopardise the development of collective competencies at the SRH. The theoretical background covered the following aspects: the contextualization of staff management in Brazilian public administration; the fundamentals of learning; the social learning context; social learning: concepts and characteristics; the development of competency logics; and the development of collective competencies in the realm of social learning. The methodology used producing this study was based on the interpretative paradigm. The study corresponds to basic exploratory and qualitative research. The method used was case study. The context was the Federal University of Campina Grande, whereas the analysis unit was the Human Resources Department. For data collection we used semistructured interviews with the coordinators and the secretary of human resources, as well as two focal groups with six civil servants each. In both ways, the interviews were recorded, transcribed literally and transformed into a protocol, out of which the theme categorization was taken. For the analysis of data we used a comprehensive/interpretative analysis. The results indicate that the civil servants inclusion takes place without a determined pattern and it is conclusive in their behavior in the institution. Learning is individual and related to the management of activities. The learner context does not favour either the integration or the social learning. We also identified determining factors which enhance or make difficult the process of developing collective competencies, such as: group dynamics in the professional context; the staff; individual characteristics and dispositions motivation for learning and teaching; team integration; communication; physical structure; manager s role and Career Planning and National Policy for Staff Development. The study also showed that the development of collective competencies at the SRH is made difficult because there is no team cooperation and, consequently, no single team identity. Thus the SRH needs to re-think its learning process and the integration of its members, as well as to focus on the importance of creating an action plan which could favour social learning and the development of collective competencies. / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o papel da aprendizagem no processo de desenvolvimento das competências coletivas na Secretaria de Recursos Humanos da UFCG. Neste sentido, foram delineados os seguintes objetivos: (a) descrever o processo de inserção do servidor no contexto da ação profissional; (b) descrever o processo de aprendizagem da Secretaria de Recursos Humanos; (c) caracterizar os fatores que facilitam e dificultam o desenvolvimento das competências coletivas na SRH. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa tratou dos seguintes aspectos: contextualização da gestão de pessoas na administração pública brasileira; fundamentos da aprendizagem; o contexto social da aprendizagem; aprendizagem social: conceitos e características; desenvolvimento da lógica das competências; e desenvolvimento das competências coletivas à luz da aprendizagem social. A metodologia utilizada na realização da pesquisa foi balizada pelo paradigma interpretativo. O estudo corresponde a uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa básica. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso. O contexto foi a Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, sendo a Secretaria de Recursos Humanos a unidade de análise. Para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores e secretário de recursos humanos e dois grupos focais com seis servidores cada. Em ambas as formas, as entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas literalmente e transformadas em protocolo, do qual se extraiu a categorização temática. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise compreensiva interpretativa. Os resultados indicam que a inserção do servidor acontece sem padronização e é determinante em seu comportamento na instituição. A aprendizagem é individualizada e está relacionada a operacionalização de atividades. O contexto do aprendizado não favorece a integração e nem a aprendizagem social. Foram identificados fatores determinantes, que facilitam e dificultam o processo de desenvolvimento das competências coletivas, são eles: dinâmica das atividades no contexto profissional; quadro de pessoal; características e disposições individuais motivação para aprender e ensinar; integração da equipe; comunicação; estrutura física; papel do gestor e Plano de Carreia e Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal. O estudo revelou ainda que o desenvolvimento das competências coletivas na SRH é prejudicado porque não existe unicidade na equipe e, consequentemente, uma identidade coletiva. A SRH precisa, portanto, repensar seus processos de aprendizagem e integração de seus membros, bem como a importância da elaboração de planos de ação que favoreçam a aprendizagem social e o desenvolvimento de competências coletivas.

This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a political newspaper article from Spanish into Swedish. The identified issues are strongly related to cultural differences between the culture of the source text and the culture of the target text. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify and explore how cultural references, political concepts and metaphors are translated in the following newspaper article, “Adiós clase media, adiós”. The study is partly based on a quantitative method, which shows that the four most common translation techniques in the present translation are the following: transposition, direct translation, couplet and established equivalent. However, the qualitative analysis, focusing on the social context and the cognitive processes of the translations, proves that several other strategies are useful when translating political concepts. Furthermore, the study verifies that it is necessary that the translator bears in mind that by using one strategy or another, he or she can influence the way the target text will be perceived by the receptor. Some translations are more faithful to the source text while others are more closely related to the target culture. Likewise, some are strongly influenced by the author or publisher and others by the translator’s own ideological purposes.