Orientador: Roberto Luiz do Carmo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manetta_Alex_D.pdf: 2981876 bytes, checksum: 019aa85583b582456fe17d20407542ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Há décadas o homicídio juvenil masculino tem sido vislumbrado como um fenômeno em expansão no Brasil. A demografia, como campo por excelência dos estudos da população, contribui nesse debate não somente através do reconhecimento das unidades espaciais, dos períodos e dos segmentos da população particularmente afetados por esse tipo específico de violência. Partindo das concepções teóricas que associaram - em décadas passadas - o processo de transição da estrutura etária ao agravo nas condições de ocupação laboral e às tendências de elevação das taxas de homicídio para a população juvenil masculina, procura-se avaliar se o momento atual da dinâmica sócio-demográfica poderia ainda hoje estar potencializando contextos propícios à disseminação de formas não convencionais de inserção socioeconômica, o que inclui a integração de homens jovens na criminalidade urbana violenta. A diversidade de fatores reconhecidos no debate atual sobre a expansão da criminalidade e da violência juvenil homicida no Brasil sugeriu uma análise multiescalar através da qual a população juvenil masculina e os sub-espaços urbanos relativamente desassistidos pelo poder público estariam servindo como recursos úteis à expansão de economias transnacionais do ilícito. Dentro dessa perspectiva vislumbra-se a disseminação da violência letal entre homens jovens em Brasília (DF)/Entorno de Brasília (GO) como manifestação essencialmente ligada à disseminação de oportunidades de reprodução social e econômica através da integração à circuitos transnacionais do crime, visto que a elevação recente (2000/2010) das taxas de homicídio juvenil masculino não corresponde aos períodos caracterizados pelo crescimento proporcional e absoluto da população jovem e nem mesmo pelo agravo nas condições de ocupação laboral formal e remunerada. Com o intuito de melhor vislumbrar a relevância dos aspectos sócio-demográficos nesse processo, utiliza-se uma contraposição entre as dinâmicas recentemente observadas em Brasília/Entorno de Brasília e em Parecis/Alto Teles Pires (MT), sub-região mato-grossense marcada pelo crescimento absoluto e proporcional da população de homens jovens, onde o homicídio juvenil masculino não aparece como tendência contemporânea predominante / Abstract: For decades the male juvenile homicide has been envisioned as a booming phenomenon in Brazil. The demography, as a field of study par excellence of the population, contributes to this debate not only through recognition of spatial units, periods and segments of the population particularly affected by this particular type of violence. Based on the theoretical concepts associated with that - in past decades - the transition in age structure to the offense in terms of occupation and employment trends of rising homicide rates for young male population, attempts to assess whether the current time dynamics socio-demographic could still be leveraging contexts conducive to the spread of unconventional ways of socioeconomic status, which includes the integration of young men in violent urban crime. A variety of factors recognized in the current debate over the expansion of crime and youth violence homicide in Brazil suggested a multiscale analysis whereby the male youth population and sub-urban areas relatively underserved by the government would serve as useful resources for expansion transnational illicit economies. Within this perspective glimpses the spread of lethal violence among young men in Brasília (DF)/Entorno de Brasília (GO) as a manifestation essentially linked to the spread of opportunities for social and economic reproduction through integrating the circuits transnational crime, since the recent high (2000/2010) of male juvenile homicide rates does not correspond to periods characterized by absolute and proportional growth of the youth population and even by worsening conditions in formal employment and gainful occupation. In order to better discern the relevance of socio-demographic aspects in this process uses up a contrast between the dynamics recently observed in Brasilia/Entorno de Brasilia and Parecis/Alto Teles Pires (MT), sub-region of Mato Grosso marked by the absolute and proportional growth of the young men population, where the male juvenile homicide does not appear as an dominant contemporary trend / Doutorado / Demografia / Doutor em Demografia

Orientador: Sonia Giubilei / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_CarlosRobertoPereirade_M.pdf: 640762 bytes, checksum: 324f1d40ffc0614367dfc54b49142a80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo reconstruir a trajetória educacional dos educandos do Projeto Educativo de Integração Social - PEIS. A pesquisa investigou os educandos que frequentavam o curso superior e que, ao mesmo tempo, continuavam a frequentar o PEIS. Para isso, recorremos à Metodologia da História Oral, método qualitativo fundamentado nos testemunhos dos educandos envolvidos, pois essa metodologia tem como lema "dar vozes aos atores sociais envolvidos na investigação". A dissertação concentra-se em dois eixos de reflexão: o primeiro objetiva compreender o passado recente, a manutenção da longevidade do Projeto e seu papel sócio-político e pedagógico; e o segundo eixo refere-se à pesquisa, ao procurarmos compreender as origens (regionais, sociais, educacionais), a trajetória educacional dos educandos do PEIS e as contribuições das práticas pedagógicas do Projeto em suas vidas e atividades profissionais. Através da Metodologia da História Oral, este trabalho conseguiu descrever a trajetória educacional dos educandos que retornaram ao PEIS mesmo após alcançarem o ensino superior, relacionando as suas falas com as práticas pedagógicas do Projeto. / Abstract: This work presents a reconstruction of students' trajectory of Educational Project for Social Integration - PEIS. The research investigated the students were enrolled in a university course and continued to attend the PEIS. To this end, we chose Oral History Methodology, a qualitative method based on testimonies of the students involved. This methodology has as a motto: "giving voice to the social actors involved in research". This work focuses on two axes of reflection: first, the compression of the recent past, the maintenance and the role socio-political and educational of the Educational Project for Social Integration. Second, the research to understand the origins (regional, social, educational), the educational trajectory of the PEIS students and the contributions of the teaching practices in their lives and professional activities. Through Oral History Methodology, this work was able to describe the trajectory of education of the students who returned to PEIS even after they reach a university course, relating their speeches with the teaching practices used in PEIS. / Mestrado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Mestre em Educação

I adopt an interpretive methodology through which I investigate the becoming of Muslim identities in three national integration discourses. I analyse the meanings of integration in abstract, in context and through texts across contexts, and working within a broadly critical constructivist approach, I seek to show how integration discourses have an underlying security complex which explains how they come to be framed with Muslims in mind. To analyse integration I outline a new generic concept of settlement which I refer to as habilitation and which means enabling or endowing with ability or fitness. I then argue for an analytical separation of habilitative strategies, models and approaches, and thus remove integration from its generic descriptive status to one of strategy, model or approach. This I argue is justified in the discursive distinctions made in every-day language and meaning. I then investigate three broad habilitative models: multiculturalism, integration and assimilation. My primary data has been gathered in interviews with individuals acting as representatives of Muslim communities - Imams, organisation leaders, political activists and factory workers – corporate and societal actors such as Trade Unionists, Church representatives and state elites – policy advisers and integration officers. Muslim interviewees emphasised widespread use of distortion and mis-identification. I have defined such distortions as synecdoche. This is a two way process in which the individual is held responsible for the whole and in reverse direction, the whole being held responsible for individual action. The power of synecdoche to compress or expand Muslim identities is distortive and serves to reinforce the alterity of Muslims. In addition I identify another layer of othering which I call ulteriorisation. This involves placing identities under suspicion and is accomplished through a range of aspersive renderings – ambiguous loyalties, secularity, enclaving, underclass formation, and anti-integrationism. Ulteriorisation is understood to feed into broader securitisation of communities, society and polity. In conclusion I look at possible research directions and finish by emphasising that the integrity of Integration will be judged by the willingness of parties to negotiate and the quality of voluntarism and solidarity these processes produce.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette recherche ancrée principalement sur une approche systémique, propose d’évaluer l’impact de la déficience intellectuelle d’un enfant sur son environnement familial et en particulier sur ses frères et sœurs. Le handicap d’un enfant ne touche pas uniquement celui qui en est atteint, mais constitue une information signifiante pour le système familial qui va modifier ses interactions en fonction d’elle. Nous nous intéressons, dans cette étude, au vécu subjectif des frères et sœurs, âgés entre 6 et 12 ans, d’enfants porteurs de déficience intellectuelle. Nous avons réalisé une étude comparative entre un groupe expérimental composé de 27 familles et 34 frères et sœurs confrontés à la déficience intellectuelle et un groupe témoin composé de 19 familles et de 24 frères et sœurs sur la nature de la relation fraternelle (proximité, conflits, rivalité), la fonctionnalité de la typologie familiale (« équilibrée », « moyennement équilibrée » ou « extrême »), le sentiment d’intégration sociale (en famille, dans les collectivités et parmi les pairs) et le degré de dépression. La variable indépendante est la présence ou non d’un enfant porteur d’une déficience intellectuelle dans la famille. Nous souhaitons ainsi montrer l’impact de la présence d’un enfant porteur d’une déficience intellectuelle dans la famille. Nous avons également procédé à une étude corrélationnelle entre les variables retenues (nature de la relation fraternelle, fonctionnalité de la typologie familiale, sentiment d’intégration sociale et degré de dépression) afin d’identifier les facteurs de risques et de protection pour ces fratries. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que peu de différences existent entre ces familles sur les variables retenues. Seules deux modalités de la relation fraternelle sont significativement différentes entre les deux groupes. Les frères et sœurs d’enfants atteints de déficience intellectuelle évaluent leurs relations comme moins proches et également moins conflictuelles avec l’enfant déficient intellectuel .D’autre part, l’étude corrélationnelle montre que la typologie familiale et la proximité fraternelle ne sont corrélées à aucune autre variable. Le sentiment d’intégration sociale dans les trois domaines de la collectivité, de la famille et des pairs est, quant à lui, corrélé négativement, pour les deux groupes, à la rivalité dans la relation fraternelle ainsi qu’au degré de dépression. Une corrélation positive significative est établie uniquement pour le groupe témoin entre le degré de dépression et les conflits dans la fratrie. Ainsi, l’étude comparative permet de montrer que les fratries et les familles confrontées à la déficience intellectuelle ne sont pas différentes des autres sauf sur la nature de la relation fraternelle. D’autre part, le modèle explicatif établi par l’étude corrélationnelle permet d’identifier l’importance de la rivalité fraternelle et du sentiment d’intégration sociale pour le bien-être des frères et sœurs. Enfin, ces constats permettent de contribuer à une réflexion sur les applications cliniques de cette recherche. / The present study, predominantly using a family systems approach, aimed to estimate the impact of a child's intellectual disability on the family environment, and specifically on brothers and sisters. A child's disability does not simply affect himself, but is also a significant factor for the family system, where interactions will be altered in response to this information.This study explored the subjective experience of brothers and sisters, aged between 6 and 12 years old, of intellectually disabled children.A comparative study was conducted of an experimental group made up of 27 families and 34 brothers and sisters faced with the intellectual disability of a sibling, and a control group made up of 19 families and 24 brothers and sisters, on the kind of sibling relationships (closeness, conflict, rivalry), typology of family functioning, (« balanced », « moderate » or « extreme »), feeling of social integration (in the family, in the community and within peer groups) and degree of depression. The independant variable was the presence or absence of an intellectually disabled child in the family. This study, therefore, sought to illustrate the impact of having a intellectually disabled child in the family. A correlational study was conjointly carried out on the different variables (kind of sibling relationships, typology of family functioning, feeling of social integration, degree of depression) in order to pinpoint risk and protection factors for siblings. Results indicated little difference between the families on these variables. Only two kinds of sibling relationships were significantly different in the two groups. Brothers and sisters of intellectually disabled children evaluated their relationships as being less close and also less conflictual with their intellectually disabled sibling. Furthermore, the correlational study also showed that family typology and sibling closeness were not correlated with any other variable. As for children's feeling of social integration for the three areas of community, family and peers, this was found to be negatively correlated for both groups with rivalry in sibling relationships as well as with the degree of depression. A significant positive correlation was established only for the control group, between the degree of depression and sibling conflicts. Thus, the comparative study illustrates that siblings and families faced with the intellectual disability of a child are no different from others except for the kind of sibling relationships. Furthermore the explicative model established by the correlational study illustrates the importance of sibling rivalry and of the feeling of social integration for the psychological well-being of brothers and sisters. These findings help to generate further discussion of the clinical applications of this research.

International students have become major role players in international education across the globe. Their enrollment in different universities has increased in the past few decades worldwide. Most of these students bring rich cultural diversity and skills to their various host institutions and countries. These trends signal the need to examine and understand international students within the South African context. Against this background, this study explores the factors that influence academic choices of international students, academic and social challenges they face and the role of social capital in influencing international student integration at the Universities of Fort Hare and Rhodes in South Africa. A qualitative research design was employed in this study. Thirty international students were selected (and interviewed) using purposive sampling and snowballing. The study found that some of the main factors that influence the academic choices of international students include availability of scholarships and funding, recommendations of the institution by family and friends, availability of preferred course and the reputation of the institution. Some of the main challenges faced by international students in these two institutions include language barriers, financial difficulty, expensive but improperly maintained accommodation and culture shock. These challenges impede the smooth integration of international students into their new academic and social environment. However, the students employ several strategies in attempt to address the challenges they face. These include joining a student or community social organization, community engagement and making friends. These social networks and organizations serve as a support system and connection hub for the students. The study recommends that it is pertinent for the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University to meet the needs and expectations of its international students through regular surveys that give them room to speak about their experiences. The need for efficient International Offices at both institutions is crucial as well as the employment of open‐minded multicultural trained staff in these offices. The study also suggests the need for the both institutions to provide affordable and comfortable accommodation for its international students.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to determine how the lack of social support can contribute to the recidivism rate of youthful offenders once they are released back into the community.

No description available.

The aim of the diploma thesis entitled Compensatory mechanisms in adults with Asperger's syndrome is to answer the main research question: What compensatory mechanisms do adults with Asperger's syndrome use during integration into society and what social consequences do they face? The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and research. The theoretical part presents readers with expertise from Czech and foreign publications. The introductory part deals with the characteristic of Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Asperger's syndromem (AS), etiology and interesting myths about the development of autism spectrum disorders. The following chapters provide information on the integration of adults with AS into society, possible barriers to social integration and social skills training that can be supported by social workers. The next chapters present a long-term prognosis, compensation mechanisms and their possible social consequences. The research part of the thesis focuses mainly on the collection and analysis of data oriented according to some elements of constructivist grounded theory (GTM). Interpretative qualitative research of the diploma thesis is realized through semi-structured interviews with adults with Asperger's syndrome and also with social workers from one organization,...