Syftet med studien är att undersöka medarbetares upplevelse av en introduktionsprocess hos en given organisation. Studien utfördes vid ett logistikföretag i södra Sverige med flertalet hundra anställda. Empirin samlades in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer och respondentantalet var sex. Analysen av empirin inspirerades av fenomenologisk ansats, med intentionen att finna överensstämmelser i respondenternas upplevelser. I resultatet framkom både likheter samt åtskillnader. Genomgående var att samtliga respondenter upplevde sig vara tillfreds med deras introduktioner överlag, även om det fanns en stor variation mellan vilka aspekter som framhölls mer positivt kontra negativt. De varierade upplevelserna var en konsekvens av skillnader i de introduktionsprocesser respondenterna hade genomgått. Detta var i sin tur en följd av vem som varit ansvarig för respektive introduktion, snarare än ett medvetet val för individuell anpassning. Sammantaget leder resultatet författarna till slutsatsen att organisationen med fördel kunnat standardisera introduktionsprocessen, detta för att garantera en likabehandling mellan medarbetarna. / The purpose with this bachelor thesis is to examine employees’ experiences of an onboarding process at a given organization. The study was conducted at a logistics company in southern Sweden with several hundred employees. The empirics was collected using semi structured interviews and the number of respondents were six. The empirical analysis was inspired by the phenomenological approach, with the intention of finding correspondence in the respondents' experiences. The results revealed both similarities and differences. Overall, all respondents were satisfied with their onboarding, although there was a large variation between which aspects were more positive versus negative. The varied experiences were a consequence of differences in the onboarding processes the respondents had undergone. This was in turn an effect of who had been responsible for each introduction, rather than a conscious choice for individual adaptation. Overall, the authors of the study conclude that the organization could advantageously standardize the onboarding process, this to ensure equal treatment between employees.

This dissertation examines mealtime conversations between parents and children in eight Swedish and eight Italian middle class, dual-earner households, exploring the ways in which children are engaged in the cooperative construction of social order. The study is part of an international project (cf. Aronsson & Pontecorvo, 2002), coordinated with prior work in the US (cf. Ochs & Kremer-Sadlik, 2013). Study I explores how children’s accounts work during family dinner conversations. So called proto-accounts (laments, multiple repeats, want-statements) and varied verbal accounts are analyzed in relation to age class or prior language socialization experiences. Study II focuses on the use of endearment terms in directive sequences between parents and children. The findings show an asymmetrical distribution of endearment terms, in that only parents make use of them when interactional problems – children’s non-compliance with parental requests in particular – arise.   Study III examines the ways in which Italian parents deploy the discourse marker dai (‘come on’) in directive sequences. This is a flexible linguistic resource that is employed by parents as a cajoling token when children fail to comply with parental requests, hindering the advancement of the in-progress activity. This thesis describes family mealtimes as parent-directed activities where sociality, morality and local understandings of the world (Ochs & Shohet, 2006) are collaboratively re-created and enacted. This confirms the crucial role of everyday family meals as rich cultural sites (Ochs & Shohet, 2006) for reasserting moral attitudes of the family: participants learn moment by moment how to be competent actors that are able to choose between alternative courses of action and that can therefore be held accountable for their actions (Bergmann, 1998: 284). From this point of view, a dinner is paradigmatic of the deep moral sense that permeates the making of a family.

Organizations invest in technology to help achieve strategic goals and to disseminate knowledge in order to enhance employee productivity. This study draws upon social cognitive theory as the theoretical basis for an explanation of the limited acceptance of information systems (IS), which undermines organizations' efforts to achieve greater productivity. This empirical study investigated the use of IS in the workplace by examining the antecedents of computer self-efficacy (CSE). Among such antecedents, this study examined the effect on CSE of employees' knowledge sharing, including collegial and technical support, and encouragement by others such as top management, supervisors, and peers to share knowledge. Additionally, it assessed the differences that the control variable, use of social networking tools (SNT), has on CSE and use of IS in the workplace. This research explored the use of SNT as a way individuals share knowledge and encourage computer abilities in the workplace. This causal modeling study investigated the human-assisted CSE dimension, which focuses on one's ability to use IS resulting from the support of another individual. This study solicited 755 participants from five different organizations, with 256 responses (33.9% response rate). The Cronbach Alpha analysis results showed that all constructs were highly reliable. The structural equation model analysis showed that some, but not all, of the hypotheses were supported in this model. This study provided evidence of how the antecedents, knowledge sharing and encouragement by others, affected the constructs of CSE and the use of IS in the workplace. Important contributions of this study include not only the conceptual model itself but also the implication that encouragement by top management, supervisors, and colleagues plays an important part in knowledge-sharing behaviors. Additionally, the study makes a theoretical contribution to the growing body of research on SNT as a way to share knowledge. This study revealed that use of SNT had no significant effect on the constructs measured.

In this study of preschool children and parents (N=64), we examined relations between two facets of parents' emotion socialization: direct and indirect socialization; three facets of children's emotional competence: emotion expression, regulation, and understanding; and their relations with children's social and emotional adjustment. Few associations were observed between indicators of parents' emotion socialization and among indicators of children's emotional competence, suggesting that these constructs are better understood as multi-faceted, rather than unitary processes. Additionally, aspects of children's emotional competence linked--both directly and indirectly--parents' emotion socialization behaviors and children's social and emotional adjustment. Results are discussed with regard to the role of parents' emotion socialization and children's emotional competence, especially emotion regulation, in children's adjustment during preschool.

Abstract The culture of law enforcement is an all or nothing proposition with no gray area where membership into this society is concerned. You are either “on the job” or you are not. Even references among officers to “the job” indicate there is only one job. Likened to a secret handshake, that initial phrase if answered correctly opens the door to instant fraternal acceptance, get out of violation passes, and the many other assumed privileges of brotherhood. Manning (1980) describes the powerful mystification of policing as the “sacred canopy”. He further asserts that “the police role conveys a sense of sacredness or awesome power that lies at the root of political order, and authority, the claims a state makes upon its people for deference to rules, laws and norms” (Manning, 1980, p. 21). These elements make policing unique to all other American occupations. The sacredness of the profession creates social autonomy protected by the officers’ code of silence. Operating in this vacuum apart from public accountability fosters an environment for behavior outside of laws the institution is charged with enforcing. My research shows the process of occupational socialization ushers officers into a state of becoming blue, or the enculturation of expectant behavior and actions. I confirm that assignments into the Special Operations Group (SOG) facilitate a subculture separate and apart from the institutional ideals (Librett, 2006) and encourage a darkening of the shade of blue identifying officers with a labeling of deviance. While previous research identifies the code of silence as a by-product of the policing culture, my research identifies it as fundamental for maintaining the covenant of the dark blue fraternity.

This case study sheds light on successful matriculation practices which emerge from the combination of institutional efforts and student needs. In order to discern successful matriculation data was collected in the form of interviews, observations, and documents at a less selective college with a high rate of retention. Mortimer Adler College possesses unique qualities with respect to curriculum, student population, teaching styles, and student life which affect retention in both positive and negative ways. The institution utilizes a highly structured Great Books curriculum and does not utilize traditional grading and assessment methods. The methods of student socialization are also explored through interviews with faculty and administrators. The findings of this study reveal the qualities of Mortimer Adler College which both support and hinder student success. The study also gives insight to the views of students within this unique institutional setting, focusing on their needs and goals and how their perceptions of the institution impact retention. The review of practices at this institution combined with the perception of the student body allows for the examination of programs and practices employed by Mortimer Adler College which aid in improving and supporting high retention that may also be used at other institutions of higher education. Higher Education, Retention, Persistence, Great Books, Socialization, Faculty Student Relationships

A travers l'étude de l'engagement étudiant au sein d'un parti politique libanais, le Courant patriotique Libre (CPL), ce travail explore les dynamiques de production de l'attachement et de constitution des groupes sociaux au sein d'une société plurielle. Un groupe peut être heuristiquement défini dans une perspective cognitive et performative: le sentiment d'appartenance serait construit par et manifesté dans un double processus d'allocation de signification et d'incarnation d'un rôle dans les interactions. A cet égard, la narrativité, parce qu’elle est à la fois action de mise en représentation et assignation de sens, constitue un des modes de construction et de réalisation privilégiés du lien social. Dans la société plurielle libanaise, appartenir à un groupe partisan signifie rejoindre une communauté d'interprétation, au sein de laquelle il est possible de distinguer analytiquement trois dimensions du processus de socialisation, recourant chacune à un ressort narratif: la médiation, l'incorporation, et l'intégration. Le détour par l'analyse de la narration de l’attachement permet ainsi de dégager les caractéristiques du lien partisan dans le Liban pluriel contemporain, fondé sur l'affactivité et l'activation de frontières identitaires produites dans et par l'interaction. / "A Recited Community: Figures of an Identity Foretold" looks at the processes of social identification among the youth in plural Lebanon. Ravaged by a fifteen year civil war between 1975 and 1990, this small Middle-Eastern country has become the symbol of divided societies. Through the exploration of student activism in a political party, the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM), the book questions the dynamics of attachment, conflict, and reconciliation in a shattered country. Using original material collected during several years of fieldwork conducted in three of Beirut’s main universities, the author examines the importance of narratives inherited from the past to make sense of social world and sustain one’s sense of belonging. The focus on this narrative construction of group attachment allows portraying of three main features of affiliation in a plural society like Lebanon. First, the mobilization of conflicting storylines that create boundaries and mediate the relation of the individual with the others in the time and space of social interactions. Then, the incorporation of institutionalized collective tales and practices as modes of representation of reality. And finally, the integration of the self in the horizon of a collective memory that allows the insertion within a common emplotment of the multiplicity of members’ biographical experiences into a shared depiction of the past conflicts. Mediation, incorporation, and integration all emerge from and actualize the duality between ipseity and alterity, reminding us that the other is the condition of recognition, thus of existence, of the self.

[pt] Analisam-se os processos de socialização, e seus contínuos reforços, a que ficam permanentemente submetidos os integrantes do Exército Brasileiro por meio das relações intersubjetivas que se desenvolvem no dia-a-dia da vida na caserna. O referencial teórico adotado foi o poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu, os corpos dóceis de Michel Foucault e as instituições totais de Erving Goffman. O instrumento metodológico escolhido, as relações intersubjetivas, diz respeito às relações interpessoais ou relações pessoais mais triviais desenvolvidas na rotina de vida do militar comum. O universo prioritário observado na pesquisa foi o grupo composto pelos oficiais formados pela Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras – AMAN. As pessoas, suas relações e seus sentimentos, são os aspectos centrais da pesquisa, aspectos sobre os quais se procurou inferir acerca dos valores, das crenças, das atitudes, dos comportamentos e das opiniões considerados pelo grupo social como fundamentais ou tidos como essenciais para o campo. Analisam-se, sobretudo, as formas através das quais são interiorizadas e mantidas no integrante do campo militar, normalmente de maneira imperceptível, suas características mais fundamentais, por meio do desenvolvimento das suas relações diárias mais comuns e triviais. / [en] It examines the processes of socialization, and their continuous reinforcements, which are permanently submitted members of the Brazilian Army through inter-subjective relations that are developed in the day-to-day life in the barracks. The theoretical approach is the symbolic power of Pierre Bourdieu, the docile bodies of Michel Foucault and the total institutions of Erving Goffman. The methodological instrument chosen, inter-subjective relationships, regards to interpersonal relationships or the most trivial personal relationships developed in everyday life of common military. The universe especially observed in the research is the group composed of officers trained by the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras - AMAN. People and their relationships, their feelings, are the central aspects of research, aspects of which we tried to infer the values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors and opinions that are fundamental to the social group, or regarded as essential for field of study. It examines in particular the ways in which they are internalized and maintained in the member of the military group, often imperceptibly, its most fundamental features, through the development of their daily relationships more common and trivial.

Ce travail est le résultat d’une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2007 et 2012 auprès de migrants bamakois et diplômés résidant à Paris. En mêlant récits d’observation et entretiens, j’ai cherché à saisir la manière dont mes interlocuteurs organisent et se représentent leur expérience migratoire. La migration marque une scission entre le passé bamakois des enquêtés et leur présent parisien, un changement de condition sociale et économique qui leur impose un intense travail d’adaptation. Quelle est la nature de ce travail ? Quelles ressources développent-ils pour faire face aux contraintes qui sont les leurs ? À quelle catégorie de l'entendement font-ils appel pour expliquer et s'expliquer qui ils sont et ce qu'ils font ? À travers cette série de questions, je me suis intéressé aux mécanismes par lesquels mes interlocuteurs prennent place dans l’espace social parisien. Pour en rendre compte, j’ai suivi trois axes de recherche qui ont structuré l’investigation : le capital pré-migratoire, les conditions d’immigration et la relation des bamakois diplômés aux «accueillants». « Le capital pré-migratoire » désigne l’ensemble des ressources dont dispose un individu et qui sont le résultat de sa socialisation avant son émigration. Pour le définir, plusieurs critères peuvent être pris en considération : l’origine sociale et familiale, l’origine géographique, le genre, l’origine ethnique, le degré de scolarité ou encore la religion. Et c'est parce que les enquêtés partagent des dispositions sociales similaires que j'ai choisi de les nommer « bamakois diplômés » : ils sont très majoritairement des hommes issus de la petite bourgeoisie urbaine, ils maîtrisent le français (tant à l’écrit qu’à l’oral) et tous ont obtenu leurs diplômes au Mali (du baccalauréat au doctorat). Par ailleurs, je précise que l’étude du capital pré-migratoire - et de son impact en situation d’immigration - a rapidement révélé la nécessité d’un travail de terrain à Bamako. Effectué entre octobre 2007 et janvier 2008, le séjour au Mali a été motivé par trois objectifs : déterminer avec plus de précision les origines sociales de mes interlocuteurs, appréhender les mécanismes de socialisation familiale et scolaire en milieu urbain (Bamako), mieux comprendre les raisons de leur immigration en France. « Les conditions d’immigration » qu’offrent Paris et sa banlieue aux étrangers demeurent marginales : occupations d'emplois peu ou pas qualifiés dans des secteurs d'activité souvent marginaux, ségrégation résidentielle durable, précarité du statut économique et juridique. Fragilisés dans des domaines essentiels de l’existence, il leur faut malgré tout « tenir ». Ici, je me suis intéressé aux conditions socioéconomiques de vie des enquêtés et aux moyens qu’ils mettent pour agir sur ces conditions. J’ai donc mené l’investigation à l’intérieur des lieux effectifs de leurs activités familiales, professionnelles et de loisirs. Ces lieux forment le cadre global au sein duquel l’expérience d’immigration est vécue et interprétée par mes interlocuteurs. C’est donc dans ce cadre que peuvent être compris les modes d’être et de pensée des bamakois diplômés rencontrés durant l’enquête. « La relation “aux accueillants“ » vise à analyser les façons dont les enquêtés construisent le réel à partir des relations sociales de leur vie quotidienne à Paris. En effet, l’étude du capital pré-migratoire et des conditions d’immigration ne doit pas faire oublier que mes interlocuteurs sont pris dans un réseau de relations sociales. C’est dans et par l’interaction avec les autres qu’ils se forgent leur vision du monde et s’approprient les normes et les valeurs de la société française. Capital pré-migratoire, conditions d’immigration et relation aux « accueillants », ces trois axes de recherche sont considérés comme interdépendants. Ils forment le système d’interprétation construit durant l’enquête pour appréhender l’expérience migratoire des bamakois diplômés de Paris. / Pas de résumé en anglais

A research report submitted to the Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Masters of Arts in the Demography and Population Studies / Although life expectancy has increased in South Africa (RSA), compared with other middle-income countries, health status is poor most especially among the black majority. Coupled with this are the burdens of infectious and non-communicable diseases. RSA has also shown evidence of weak social cohesion through prevalent racial and gender discrimination, income inequalities, and violence. While previous studies on the health status of adults in RSA has only examined its association with other social determinants, the relationship of adult health status and social cohesion, unlike in developed countries, remains under researched in South Africa and other African countries. Using the collective efficacy theory by Sampson and colleagues (1997), this study adds the ‘African perspective’ to the ongoing debate about the health importance of social cohesion. It examined the relationship between social cohesion and the health status of adults in South Africa. The levels and patterns of health across social cohesion and other socio-demographic characteristics were also examined. DATA AND METHODS: Data was drawn from the 2012 South African Social Attitudes Survey, a survey implemented annually by the Human Sciences Research Council. Social cohesion was assessed by drawing from the five measurable items from the work of Sampson and colleagues (1997) which encompass trust, a sense of belonging, shared values and helpless in both cash and kind. These items were subjected to principal component factor analysis with Promax rotation. Cronbach’s alpha (α) for this scale is 0.84. Scores were divided into tertiles of low, medium and high social cohesion. A cumulative stepwise logistic regression model was fitted on a weighted sample of 22,605,550 adults in South Africa aged 18 years or older to examine the nexus between social cohesion and self-rated health status. Sub-group analysis examined if the observed relationship differed by race. The data was analysed using STATA software version 14. All model diagnostics showed that the model fits reasonably for the data. The interpretation of results was made using odds ratios (ORs), and a 95% confidence was used. RESULTS: More than half of adults (54%) in South Africa reported themselves to be in good health while only about 17% reported that they were in poor health. The percentage of adults reporting good health is higher among adults in the highest tertile of social cohesion (59%), compared to 53% among those in the lowest tertile. Controlling for other characteristics, regression analysis showed that adults in lowest tertile [OR:0.70, CI:0.516 - 0.965] and moderate tertile [OR:0.79, CI:0.589 - 1.055] of social cohesion were less likely to report moderate or good health compared to adults in the highest tertile of social cohesion, but the relationship was only statistically significant among adults in the lowest tertile of social cohesion. Sub-group analysis by race showed that among all the racial groups (excluding Indian or Asian adults), black African [OR:0.68, CI:0.472-0.989], coloured [OR:0.63, CI:0.305-1.309], and white [OR:0.67, CI:0.293 1.545] adults residing in the lowest tertile of social cohesion were less likely to be in moderate or good health compared to those in the highest tertile of social cohesion, but the relationship was only statistically significant among black Africans. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The findings from this study demonstrate that social cohesion among adults in South Africa, particularly among black Africans, is important for improvement in health. It is therefore important that the government of South Africa intensifies efforts aimed at increasing social cohesion among adults, particularly among black Africans. This could be achieved through public awareness on the health importance of social cohesion and the need for neighbours to share similar values, trust one another and be willing to help. This is especially important if significant progress is to be made in achieving the sustainable development goals to improve the health of adults in the country by 2030. / XL2018