Cette thèse traite, d’un point de vue interculturel, de la construction de l’identité à l’adolescence dans une Afrique en mutation. À partir d’une enquête sur le rapport psychisme/culture et l’étude des effets de l’intrication des cultures africaine et occidentale, nous avons dans ce travail démontré que la représentation de soi de l’adolescent Camerounais se trouve modifiée, car désormais coupée du référent fondateur. Par l’enculturation, la famille africaine élargie avait entre autres pour fonction d’accompagner l’adolescent à l’âge adulte en lui conférant une place, une identité. La culture, dans ce rôle de tiers, régulatrice de l’attachement, de la séparation et de la jouissance dans l’interaction fantasmatique entre l’adolescent et sa famille, et même entre l’adolescent et son environnement est sous-tendu par le référent fondateur ; c’est-à-dire par la croyance en un père imaginaire, le père ancêtre. L’ignorance, le refus ou l’oubli du référent fondateur (rupture de transmission, auto engendrement) fait obstacle à la construction identitaire, laissant ainsi l’adolescent Camerounais dans l’impasse. Dans une perspective de culture humaine, nous avons conclu que la façon dont les mélanges de cultures prennent place dans une société en constante évolution, est à entendre comme une atteinte à l’identité subjective, dans la mesure où elle entrave la fonction du père ancêtre, produisant ainsi, à la fois des effets de rupture, d’impasse, mais aussi d’ouverture dans la structuration du sujet. Ces effets, inévitablement, impliquent l’émergence de nouvelles pathologies et donc de nouveaux modes de prise en charge dans la clinique des adolescents. / This thesis deals, from an intercultural point of view, with the construction of identity in adolescence in a changing Cameroon. Based on an investigation on the relationship between psyche and culture and the study of the effects of the entanglement of traditional African and Western cultures, we have demonstrated in this work that the self-representation of the adolescent Cameroonian is modified, because it is now disconnected from the founding referent. Through enculturation, the extended African family had among other functions, to guide the adolescent towards adulthood, by providing him shelter and an identity. Culture, acting as a third party role that controls attachment, separation and joy in the fantasmatic interaction between the adolescent and his family, and even between the adolescent and his environment, is underpinned by the founding referent, meaning by the belief in an imaginary father, the ancestral father. Ignoring, refusing to accept or forgetting the founding referent (due to a failure in transmission or self-generation) is an obstacle to the construction of identity, thus leading the Cameroonian adolescent to a dead end. From a human culture perspective, we have concluded that the way in which a cultural mix occurs within a constantly evolving society is to be understood as an attack on subjective identity, insofar as it hinders the function of the ancestral father thus producing both the effects of separation and deadlock, which also allows a new perspective on the structuring of the subject. These effects, inevitably, imply the emergence of new pathologies and thus new modes of management in the adolescent clinic.

No description available.

This work focuses on the analysis of plasma irregularities generated during two active space experiments: the injection of an artificial dust layer, and high-power radio waves. The objective of the "first experiment is to examine the effects of artificially created dust layers on the scatter of radars from plasma irregularities embedded in dusty plasma in space. This is an alternate approach for understanding the mechanisms of enhanced radar scatter from plasma irregularities embedded in Noctilucent Clouds and Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes. The second experiment involves a transmission of high power electromagnetic waves into the ionospheric plasma from the ground, which can excite stimulated electromagnetic emissions offset from the transmitter frequency. These stimulated electromagnetic emissions provide diagnostic information of the ionosphere and thus can be used to investigate fundamental physical principles which govern the earth\'s ionosphere, so that present and future transmission technologies may take into account the complexities of the ionosphere. The interaction altitude of the artificial dust layer and high power radio waves is approximately 250 km and 160 km respectively, thus dealing with uniquely different regions of the ionosphere. Each experiment is discussed separately using theoretical, observational and advanced computational methodologies. The study first investigates plasma turbulence associated with the creation of an artificial dust layer in the earth's ionosphere. Two scenarios are considered for plasma irregularity generation as dust is injected at an oblique angle across the geomagnetic field. The first is a shear-driven plasma instability due to inhomogeneities in the boundary layer between the injected charged dust layer and the background plasma. This begins to appear at very early times once the dust is released into the space plasma, which is of the order or less than the dust charging time period. The second mechanism is free streaming of the charged dust relative to the background plasma. This produces irregularities at times much longer than the dust charging period and also longer than the dust plasma period. Although both mechanisms are shown to produce turbulence in the lower hybrid frequency range, the resulting irregularities have important differences in their physical characteristics. A comparison between the processes is made to determine the consequences for upcoming observations. Both processes are shown to have the possibility of generating turbulence after the release of dust for the regimes of upcoming space experiments over a range of timescales. This work also presents the first observations of unique narrowband emissions ordered near the Hydrogen ion (H+) gyro-frequency (fcH) in the Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) spectrum when the transmitter is tuned near the second electron gyro-harmonic frequency (2fce), during ionospheric modification experiments. The frequency structuring of these newly discovered emission lines is quite unexpected since H+ is known to be a minor constituent in the interaction region which is near 160 km altitude. The spectral lines are typically shifted from the pump wave frequency by harmonics of a frequency about 10% less than fcH (" 800 Hz) and have a bandwidth of less than 50 Hz which is near the O+ gyro-frequency fcO. A theory is proposed to explain these emissions in terms of a Parametric Decay Instability (PDI) in a multi-ion species plasma due to possible proton precipitation associated with the disturbed conditions during the heating experiment. The observations can be explained by including several percent H+ ions into the background plasma. The implications are new possibilities for characterizing proton precipitation events during ionospheric heating experiments. / Ph. D.

Smartphones, schnell faltbar für die Hosentasche, ein Laptop, dünn wie Papier mit gestochen scharfem Kontrast, transparente Displays in Windschutzscheiben von Fahrzeugen, oder Fensterscheiben - Diese Technologien werden zunehmend als reale Szenarien diskutiert und haben Eines gemeinsam. Ihre Verwirklichung wird erst durch den Einsatz organischer Leuchtdioden (engl. organic light emitting diode, OLED) ermöglicht. Vor allem in internetbasierten Technologien, sowie neuartiger Displaytechniken und modernem Lichtmanagement wurde das Potential der OLEDs von der Industrie erkannt. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Leuchtmitteln zeichnen sich OLEDs durch eine hohe Energieeffizienz aus. Ihre herausragende Eigenschaft als einzige Lichtquelle, direkt flächiges Licht abzugeben und zudem die Möglichkeit des Aufbaus aus flexiblen, transparenten Dünnschichten geben den OLEDs eine Sonderstellung für diese zukünftigen Anwendungen. Auch die steigende Anzahl an OLED-gestützten Produkten wie Bildschirmen, Smartphones und anderen Displaybauteilen zeigt diesen Trend deutlich. Dabei besteht für die industrielle Nutzung jedoch noch Forschungsbedarf. Diese Maßnahme wird mit Mitteln aus dem Europäischen Sozialfond gefördert und mitfinanziert durch Steuermittel auf Grundlage des von den Abgeordneten des Sächsischen Landtags beschlossenen Haushaltes.

A través del presente estudio queremos demostrar los beneficios de la aplicación combinada de los métodos Earned Value Management (EVM) y Last Planner® System (LPS) en la programación semanal de proyectos de construcción que involucren muros de contención para sótanos; para lo cual, hemos utilizado como base el estudio de “Combined Application of Earned Value Management and Last Planner® System in Construction Projects” Novinsky et al (2018), que consiste en una combinación en materia de Project Management y Lean Construction, aplicando el estudio en la construcción de muros anclados con el método pachamanca para un proyecto denominado “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri” ubicado en el distrito de Pueblo Libre, en el que se desarrollarán conjuntamente los métodos antes mencionados. En el primer capítulo desarrollamos los aspectos generales del trabajo de investigación, tales como el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos generales y específicos del presente estudio, el alcance de la ejecución del proyecto, así como la descripción de la metodología empleada para el desarrollo de mismo. En el segundo capítulo detallamos el marco teórico de los métodos señalados en el párrafo precedente; asimismo, los procedimientos del sistema constructivo para muros anclados, encofrados “pachamanca”, detallando algunos conceptos complementarios al desarrollo de la presente investigación. En el tercer capítulo, delimitamos algunos alcances referidos al Proyecto “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri”, tales como su ubicación, estructura de desglose de trabajo, programación de obra, hitos de control, cronograma valorizado, así como información adicional relacionada al proyecto. En el cuarto capítulo, desarrollamos el cuerpo del presente estudio, demostrando la aplicación combinada de los métodos Earned Value Management (EVM) y Last Planner® System (LPS); así como el modelo de implementación. En el quinto capítulo, presentamos los resultados obtenidos, así como el detalle del análisis de datos realizados. Finalmente, en el capítulo sexto, describimos las conclusiones y recomendaciones formuladas luego de haber realizado el presente estudio, las mismas que esperamos sean de utilidad e interés para la industria de la construcción. / By means of the current study we want to demonstrate the benefits of the combined application of the Earned Value Management (EVM) and Last Planner® System (LPS) methods in the weekly scheduling of construction projects that involve retaining walls for basements; because of this we have used as a basis the study of “Combined Application of Earned Value Management and Last Planner® System in Construction Projects”, Novinsky et al (2018), that consists in a combination in terms of the Project Management and Lean Construction, applicating the study in the construction of anchored walls with the pachamanca method for a project called “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri” located in the district of Pueblo Libre, in which they develop together the methods previously mentioned. In the first chapter, we develop the general aspects of the research study, such as the problem statement, the general and specific objectives of the current study, the scope of the Project implementation, as well of the description of the methodology used for its development. In the second chapter we detail the theoretical framework of the methods indicated in the previous paragraph. Likewise, the procedures of the construction system for anchored walls, formwork “pachamanca”, detailing some complementary concepts to the development of the current research. In the third chapter, we delimit some statements referred to the Project “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri”, as its location, work breakdown structure, work schedule, control milestones, valued schedule, as well as additional information related to the project. In the fourth chapter, the body of the present research, demonstrating the combined application of the Earned Value Management (EVM) and Last Planner® System (LPS) methods; as well as the implementation model. In the fifth chapter, we present the results obtained, as well as the detail of the data analysis performed. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we describe the conclusions and recommendations formulated after being carried out the current study, the ones that we hope that are useful and interesting for the construction industry. / Trabajo de investigación

Les polyuréthanes segmentés thermoplastiques (TPUs) sont des matériaux élastomères thermoplastiques qui couvrent une large gamme d’applications. Ces matériaux possèdent intrinsèquement une aptitude à la nano-structuration car ils présentent dans leur structure macromoléculaire une alternance de segments rigides et de segments souples thermodynamiquement immiscibles en dessous d’une certaine température (température de micro-mélange). Ainsi, en refroidissant à partir de l’état fondu, une micro-séparation de phase, dont la cinétique dépend de la température, se produit. De plus, l’application d’une déformation avant cette structuration modifie sa cinétique. Ainsi, en vue d’appréhender l’effet de la mise en oeuvre sur certaines propriétés de ces matériaux, il s’avère intéressant d’étudier l’influence de l’histoire thermomécanique sur la structuration. Cette étude repose sur l’observation du comportement de cristallisation et/ou de séparation de phase de cinq polyuréthanes commerciaux de nature chimique différente, en fonction de différentes conditions thermiques et mécaniques appliquées en milieu modèle ou en conditions de mise en oeuvre réelles. Les techniques utilisées sont principalement rhéologiques, rhéo-optiques et par diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS). Ces différentes analyses permettent d’affirmer que les contraintes appliquées dans le fondu des matériaux avant leur solidification modifient de façon drastique la cinétique de structuration mais aussi leur morphologie résultante. En effet, une orientation particulière des entités structurées au sein des matériaux peut être engendrée par des contraintes appliquées en fonction de leur intensité. Cette morphologie résultante particulière joue également un rôle sur les propriétés mécaniques finales des matériaux. / Thermoplastic segmented polyurethanes are an important class of thermoplastic elastomers which cover a wide range of applications. These materials are multi-block copolymers composed of alternating “hard” and “soft” segments which are respectively below and above their glass transition temperature under ambient conditions. TPUs exhibit a twophase microstructure which arises from the thermodynamic incompatibility between the hard and soft segments. This microphase separation is often combined with the crystallization of either or both segments. The mechanical properties of these polymers will depend upon the overall multiblock length and the hard block sequence length and how they affect the material morphology. Our goal is to understand how the polyurethane final properties can be affected by the processing stresses (extrusion, injection…). In this scope, experiments were performed using a rheometer or an optical microscope coupled with a shearing hot stage. A preshear controlled treatment was applied and its effect on the material structuration was followed. These characterizations highlighted the enhancement of phase separation kinetics by the shear. For instance, for presheared samples, phase separation and/or crystallization of the hard segments occur ten times faster than for non-sheared ones. Moreover, SAXS experiments carried out on samples structured from several conditions illustrated perpendicular arrangements of crystalline domains perpendicularly to the flow direction. Finally, this particular morphology induced by shear modifies the materials final mechanical properties

El presente trabajo de investigación busca indagar acerca del tratamiento tributario de las comisiones de estructuración y su impacto en la determinación del Impuesto a la Renta en las empresas del sector industrial de alimentos y bebidas de Lima Metropolitana en el 2018. A lo largo de los años, se ha generado una controversia acerca del momento en que deben reconocerse ciertos gastos e ingresos, pues tanto la Administración Tributaria como el Tribunal Fiscal emitieron diversas opiniones mediante el cuál el concepto de devengo ha sido sujeto de diversas interpretaciones para su aplicación tributaria. A partir de ello, se ha llevado a cabo el análisis de diferentes jurisprudencias que tratan sobre la deducibilidad de dichos gastos, así como las opiniones de gerentes y socios del área tributaria. El objetivo principal de nuestra investigación es determinar el impacto tributario de las comisiones de estructuración en la determinación del impuesto a la Renta en las empresas del sector industrial de bebidas y elaboración de productos de molinería de Lima Metropolitana en el 2018, específicamente, determinar el momento en el cual devenga. A partir de ello, el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en cinco capítulos, en el Capítulo I: Marco teórico, se definieron los conceptos principales que se encuentran relacionados con la investigación. Asimismo, se brinda un panorama general respecto a la normativa contable y tributaria aplicable; luego en el Capítulo II: Plan de tesis, se desarrolló la problemática y se determinaron los objetivos e hipótesis generales y específicas; posteriormente, en el Capítulo III: Metodología de Investigación, se determinó el tipo de investigación que se llevaría a cabo, además, se determinó el universo, la población y el tamaño de la muestra a fin de aplicar un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. En adición a ello, en el Capítulo IV: Desarrollo de la investigación, se realizó la aplicación de los instrumentos tales como entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas; y a su vez, se desarrolló un caso práctico; por último, en el Capítulo V: Análisis de Resultados, se llevó a cabo el análisis de las respuestas que se recolectaron mediante la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación, a partir de las cuales se brindaron las conclusiones y recomendaciones. / This research work seeks to inquire about the tax treatment of structuring commissions and their impact on the determination of Income Tax in companies of the industrial food and beverage sector of Metropolitan Lima in 2018. Over the years, there has been a controversy about when certain expenses and income should be recognized since both the Tax Administration and the Tax Court issued diverse opinions for which accruals have been subject to various interpretations for their tax application. Based on this, the analysis of different jurisprudence dealing with the deductibility of these expenses, as well as the opinions of managers and partners in the tax area, has been carried out. The main objective of our investigation is to determine the tax impact of the structuring commissions on the determination of the Income Tax in the companies of the industrial sector of beverages and production of milling products of Metropolitan Lima in 2018, specifically, determine the moment at which it accrues. From this, the research work was developed in five chapters, in Chapter I: Theoretical framework, the main concepts related to research were defined. Likewise, an overview is provided regarding the applicable accounting and tax regulations; then in Chapter II: Thesis plan, the problem was described and the general and specific objectives and hypotheses were determined subsequently, in Chapter III: Research Methodology, the type of research that would be carried out was defined, in addition, the universe, population and sample size were determined in order to apply a quantitative and qualitative analysis.In addition to this, in Chapter IV: Research development, the application of instruments such as in-depth interviews and surveys was carried out; and in turn, a case study was developed. Finally, in Chapter V: Analysis of Results, the analysis of the responses obtained through the application of the research instruments was carried out, from which the conclusions and recommendations were provided. / Tesis

In Sweden, electricity is purchased on a so-called day-ahead spot market (Nordpool). The electricity is based on a predicted hourly need for the upcoming day [4, 5]. Production and consumption of electricity need to be balanced since it is hard to store electricity [25]. Today, electricity companies struggle to uphold this balance using currently available tools. A potential solution would be to support bidders by visualizing time-series. Then they could identify time-series lacking data crucial to the prediction phase and resolve them. In this thesis, a prototype was implemented consisting of different views/use-cases, aimed at simplifying the bidding process for balance responsible parties (BRPs). The prototype consisted of structured time-series and presents predicted data in a way that makes the decision making easier when placing bids. Results from a study using the prototype with BRPs and professionals showed that the use-cases/views are useful in terms of 1) getting a better structure, 2) identifying incomplete time series, 3) better quality assurance of the time-series and 4) lowering the time-consumption. Additionally, the bidders suggested that the addition of references, in terms of other prediction methods than the one that was used could improve their decision making. / I Sverige köps el på en så kallad day-ahead marknad (Nordpool). Elen är baserad på ett förutsagt timbehov för den kommande dagen [4, 5]. Produktion och konsumtion av el måste balanseras, eftersom det är svårt att lagra el [25]. Idag har elföretag problem med att upprätthålla denna balans med hjälp av nuvarande verktyg. En potentiell lösning skulle vara att stödja budgivare genom att visualisera tidsserier. Då kunde de identifiera tidsserier som saknar data som är avgörande för prediktionsfasen och förse dem med korrekt data. I denna avhandling implementerades en prototyp bestående av olika vyer/användningsfall, som syftar till att förenkla budprocessen för balansansvariga parter (BRP). Prototypen bestod av strukturerade tidsserier och presenterar predikterat data på ett sätt som gör beslutet enklare när de placerar bud. Resultat från en studie med prototypen tillsammans med BRP och yrkesverksamma visade att vyerna/användningsfallen är användbara när det gäller 1) att få en bättre struktur, 2) identifiera ofullständiga tidsserier, 3) bättre kvalitetssäkring av tidsserier och 4) minska tidsförbrukningen. Dessutom föreslog budgivarna att en tillsats av referenser när det kommer till andra prediktioners metoder än den som användas kan förbättra deras beslutsfattande.

Visiting a museum is a popular activity for many people. Be it to find out about certain museum objects or to feel entertained. An important contribution to a satisfying museum experience is the information about the objects. On the one hand, the provided information should be about them, but at the same time reflect the interests of the visitor. Since the information presented on information labels is often only rudimentary, visitors can follow human guides or use digital tools that display additional information. The problem, however, that exists despite a wide range of offers, is that the information is designed for the general public and cannot be customized by the visitor. In this way, information is presented that is either not of interest to the visitor or, in the worst case, that the visitor does not understand because prior knowledge is lacking. Even if existing research deals with the presentation of information and the preparation of digital applications, the customizing aspect is often missing. This master thesis shows to what extent information and functions embedded in an app can be customized. A prototype of an app was constructed that, based on an example museum, presents filter options too utput customized information about a museum object. The prototype was tested in a user study by six participants. The participants tested the prototype by processing test tasks and answered an evaluation questionnaire. Three of the six participants also completed a group interview. The goal was to find out to what extent the filters offered reflect the needs of the participants and which functions and aspects are important for customization. The results show that despite the current lack of focus on prior knowledge, filtering based on it is not very effective. In addition, suggestions were made as to how groups could benefit from the more individual use of the app. Future research can build on the achieved results by integrating the proposed functions and testing them in further studies to expand the customization step by step.

No description available.