This study focuses on women managers in women-dominated organisations. They are leaders in organisations where the majority of the managers as well as the employees are women. In Sweden today most women and men of working age carry out paid work. Women’s salaried employment in Sweden, along with other Nordic countries, is well above the EU-average. The labour market is however divided both horizontally and vertically according to gender. Men and women tend to work in different sectors and industries, perform different tasks and hold different positions. In the public sector, 64 per cent of all managers are women. This means that quite a large proportion of women managers in Sweden work in the public sector. The empirical material consists of interviews with managers, employed in the public sector, working with care for the elderly and disabled. The results were also based on observations of the managers’ places of work as well as written material. The overall aim of the thesis is to: understand how gender power relations are produced, reproduced and changed through describing and analysing the working conditions of women managers, their room for manoeuvre, and how this (re)produces and changes in organisations dominated by women. The studied organizations are large organisations that supply a vast number of care services. The managers describe their job as compelling and stimulating and they enjoy having the power to shape the organization. Results of the analysis suggest that being in majority opens up for various ways of challenging male constructions of management. The managers do not have to relate to pre-existing notions of management. They are comfortable in the power position. They constitute the norm for management in the sense that it is what they do at work that defines management. Moreover, they do not perceive themselves as part of a gendered category as managers. The manager’s working conditions are characterized by large areas of responsibility. They are responsible for budget, staff, organizational development and day-to-day operations. Despite this, managers in woman-dominated operations are paid lower salaries than managers in both male-dominated municipality activities and in the private sector. How can it be that such highly qualified and challenging managerial practice is not rewarded high status and high salaries? In the analysis a misogyny discourse is identified which exists at the level of society and is passed on to the organisations studied. The misogyny discourse contributes to devaluing and making women’s work invisible. In parallel with misogyny, there is also a discourse glorifying men. The glorification of men gives men in minority a dominant status above the women in majority. Power relations are nevertheless not only reproduced. The results show that the women managers apply both individual and collective resistance strategies to alter subordination. The prevailing unequal conditions are thus both reproduced and challenged. / <p>QC 20131125</p>

Sowohl für Wissenswikis als auch Intranetwikis sind folgende Leitfragen zu klären: Wie und wer definiert die Inhaltsstruktur für das Enterprise Wiki? Wie kann der Nutzer selbst einen Überblick behalten und sicherstellen, dass die relevanten Informationen ankommen? Die Inhalte eines Wikis sind nicht unstrukturiert! Die Anwender bilden eine gewisse Struktur über Schlagworte und Seitenhierarchien. Zusätzlich bringt eine Gliederung in Wiki-Bereichen die notwendige Erststruktur und die erstellte Inhaltsübersichten die notwendige Transparenz.

Ce travail porte sur le développement d’une technique de structuration de surface pour le silicium. Celle-ci repose sur trois étapes essentielles : la lithographie, l’implantation ionique et le retrait par voie humide. Le motif formé par lithographie est transféré par homothétie dans la couche sous-jacente de silicium grâce à l’implantation ionique. Après le retrait du masque de résine, le substrat est traité par voie humide en vue de retirer des zones localement implantées. Le motif initial défini par la lithographie est ainsi révélé dans le silicium.La compréhension des modifications induites par l’implantation ionique dans le substrat nous a permis de réaliser avec succès un transfert dans le silicium. Nous avons principalement étudié les défauts générés par deux types d’ions : l’argon et l’hydrogène, à travers un certain nombre de techniques de caractérisation. Sur la base de cette étude, les différents traitements humides du silicium ont été investigués : gravure alcaline, gravure acide, dissolution par anodisation. L’optimisation des conditions d’implantation et des paramètres de retrait humide a permis l’obtention de structures 2D puis 3D.La faisabilité de cette technique de structuration a également été démontrée sur d’autres matériaux comme le SiOCH et le nitrure de silicium. / This thesis deals with the development of a patterning process for silicon substrates. Based on ion implantation through a resist pattern to locally modified the underneath layer. Wet etching processes have been developed to reveal the shapes transferred into the silicon substrate. Thanks to morphological, physical and chemical characterizations, modifications induced by ion implantation have been identified and understood.Two ion species (argon and hydrogen) were used in this thesis in order to assess either physical or chemical modifications in silicon substrate. Several wet chemistries: alkaline, acid and dissolution by anodization, were investigated to reveal the final shape. The optimization of the implantation and wet etching processes allowed to obtain 2D and 3D structures with silicon substrate.Moreover, our approach has been successfully implemented to pattern 2D shapes in SiOCH and silicon nitride.

No description available.

Bacteria lack nucleus and any other membrane-bound organelles. Hence all the cellular components, including proteins, DNA, RNA and other components are located within the cytoplasm. The region of the cell which encompasses the bacterial genomic DNA is termed ‘Nucleoid’. The nucleoid is composed largely of DNA and small amounts of proteins and RNA. The genomic DNA is organized in ways that are compatible with all the major DNA-related processes like replication, transcription and chromosome segregation. Proteins that play important role(s) in the structuring of DNA and having the potential to influence gene expression have been explored in all kingdoms of life. The organization of bacterial chromosome is influenced by several important factors. These factors include molecular crowding, negative supercoiling of DNA and NAPs (nucleoid-associated proteins) and transcription. Nucleoid-associated proteins are abundant and relatively low-molecular mass proteins which can bind DNA and function as architectural constituents in the nucleoid. Additionally, NAPs are involved in all the major cellular processes like replication, repair and gene transcription. At least a dozen distinct NAPs are known to be present in E. coli. HU, IHF (integration host factor), H-NS (histone-like nucleoid-structuring), Fis (Factor for inversion stimulation), Dps (DNA protection from starvation) are some of the abundant NAPs in E. coli. Most of these proteins bind DNA and show either DNA bending, bridging or wrapping which are directly relevant to their physiological role(s). As most of these proteins are involved in the regulation of transcription of many genes, they act as factors unifying gene regulation with nucleoid architecture and environment. Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to grow and colonize different environments and thus need to adapt to constantly changing conditions within the host. H-NS and IHF, being able to link environmental cues to the regulation of gene expression, play an important role in the bacterial pathogenesis. H-NS is one of the well studied NAPs in enterobacteria, and is known as a global gene silencer. It is also an important DNA structuring protein, involved in chromosome packaging. H-NS protein is a small (~15 kDa) protein, which is present at approximately 20000 copies/ cell. The most striking feature of H-NS is that although it binds DNA in a relatively sequence-independent fashion but is known to preferentially recognize and bind intrinsically curved DNA. It also constrains DNA supercoils in vitro, thereby affects DNA topology. H-NS also influences replication, recombination and genomic stability. In addition, it functions as a global regulator by regulating the expression of various genes which are linked to environmental adaptation. Various studies have shown the association of H-NS to AT-rich regions of the genome. About 5% of E. coli genes are regulated by H-NS, bulk of which are (~80%) negatively regulated. H-NS is involved in the silencing of horizontally-acquired genes, many of which are involved in pathogenesis, in a process known as xenogeneic silencing. H-NS is known to regulate the expression of various virulence factors like cytotoxins, fimbriae and siderophores in several pathogenic bacteria. Several studies have revealed that hns mutants show increased frequency of illegitimate recombination and reduction in intra-chromosomal recombination, indicating the involvement of H-NS in DNA repair/recombination. H-NS is known to act in several transposition systems, which it does so due to its ability to interact with other proteins involved and due to its DNA structure-specific binding activity. The prototypical IHF (Integration Host Factor) was originally discovered in E. coli as an essential co-factor for the site-specific recombination of phage λ. E. coli IHF belongs to DNABII structural family, along with HU and other proteins and consists of two subunits, IHFα and IHFβ. Thesubunits are ~10 kDa each and are essential for full IHF activity. Apart from its role in bacteriophage integration/excision, IHF also has roles in various processes such as DNA replication, transcription and also in several site-specific recombination systems. In most of these processes, IHF acts as an architectural component by facilitating the formation of nucleoprotein complexes by bending DNA at specific sites. IHF acts as a transcriptional regulator, influencing the global gene expression in E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Gene regulation by IHF requires its DNA architectural role, facilitating interactions between RNA polymerase and regulatory protein. The high intracellular concentration of IHF indicates that it might associate with DNA in a non-specific manner and contribute to chromatin organization. The binding of E. coli IHF causes the DNA to adopt U-turn and brings the non-adjacent sequences into close juxtaposition. IHF is also involved in gene regulation in several pathogenic organisms and is shown to regulate expression of many virulence factors. Despite extensive literature on NAPs, very little is known about NAPs and nucleoid architecture in M. tuberculosis. In the light of significant physiological roles played by NAPs in adaptation to environmental changes and in growth and virulence of bacteria, elucidation of their roles in M. tuberculosis is of paramount importance for a better understanding of its pathogen city. M. tuberculosis Rv3852 (hns) gene is predicted to encode a 134 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 13.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence alignment revealed that M. tuberculosis H-NS and E. coli H-NS showed very low degree of sequence identity (6%). To explore the biochemical properties of M. tuberculosis H-NS, the sequence corresponding to Rv3852 was amplified via PCR, cloned and plasmid expressing M. tuberculosis hns was constructed. M. tuberculosis H-NS was over expressed and purified to homogeneity. E. coli H-NS was also over expressed and purified. Comparison of experimentally determined secondary structure showed considerable differences between M. tuberculosis and E. coli H-NS proteins. Chemical cross linking suggested that M. tuberculosis H-NS protein exists in both monomeric and dimeric forms in solution, consistent with the diametric nature of E. coli H-NS protein. Our studies have revealed that M. tuberculosis H-NS binds in a more structure-specific manner to DNA replication and repair intermediates, but displays lower affinity for double stranded DNA with relatively higher GC content. It bound to the Holliday junction (HJ), the central recombination intermediate, with high affinity. Furthermore, similar to M. tuberculosis H-NS, E. coli H-NS was able to bind to replication and recombination intermediates, but at a lower affinity than M. tuberculosis H-NS. To gain insights into homologous recombination in the context of nucleoid, we investigated the ability of M. tuberculosis RecA to catalyze DNA strand exchange between single-strand DNA and linear duplex DNA in the presence of increasing amounts of H-NS. We found that M. tuberculosis H-NS inhibited strand exchange mediated by its cognate RecA in a concentration dependent manner. Similar effect was seen in the case of E. coli H-NS, where it was able to suppress DNA strand exchange promoted by E. coli RecA, but at relatively higher concentrations, suggesting that H-NS proteins act as ‘roadblocks’ to strand exchange promoted by their cognate RecA proteins. H-NS and members of H-NS-family of NAPs are known to form rigid nucleoprotein filament structures on binding to DNA, which results in gene-silencing and is also implicated in chromosomal organization. Studies have also shown that H-NS mutants defective in gene silencing also lack the ability to form rigid nucleoprotein filament structure and that nucleoprotein filament structure is responsive to environmental factors. Our studies employing ligase-mediated DNA circularization assays reveal that both E. coli and M. tuberculosis H-NS proteins abrogate the circularization of linear DNA substrate by rigidifying the DNA backbone. These results suggest that M. tuberculosis H-NS could form nucleoprotein filament-like structures upon binding to DNA and these structures might be involved in transcriptional repression, chromosomal organization and protection of genomic DNA. In summary, these findings provide insights into the role of M. tuberculosis H-NS in homologous and/or homeologous recombination as well as transcriptional regulation and nucleoid organization. The second part of the thesis concerns the characterization of M. tuberculosis integration host factor (mIHF). The annotation of whole-genome sequence of M. tuberculosis H37Rv showed the presence of Mtihf gene (Rv1388) which codes for a putative 20-kDa integration host factor (mIHF). Amino acid sequence alignment revealed very low degree of sequence identity between mIHF and E. coli IHFαβ subunits. Unlike E. coli IHF, mIHF is essential for the viability of M. tuberculosis. The three-dimensional molecular modeling of mIHF based upon co crystal structure of Streptomycin coelicolor IHF (sIHF) duplex DNA, showed the presence of conserved Arg170, Arg171, Arg173, which were predicted to be involved in DNA binding and a conserved Pro150, in the tight turn. The coding sequence corresponding to the M. tuberculosis H37Rv ihf gene (Rv1388) was amplified, cloned and plasmid over expressing M. tuberculosis ihf (pMtihf) was constructed. Using pMtihf as a template and using specific primers, mutant ihf encoding plasmids were constructed in which, the arginine at position 170, 171, or 173 was replaced with alanine or aspartate and proline at position 150 was substituted with alanine. To explore the role of mIHF in cell viability, we investigated the ability of M. tuberculosis ihf to complement E. coli ΔihfA or ΔihfB strains against genotoxic stress. Despite low sequence identity between Mtihf and E. coli ihfA and ihfB, wild type Mtihf was able to rescue the UV and MMS sensitive phenotypes of E. coli ΔihfAand ΔihfBstrains, whereas Mtihf alleles bearing mutations in the DNA-binding residues failed to confer resistance against DNA-damaging agents. To further characterize the functions of mIHF, wild type and mutant versions of mIHF proteins were over expressed and purified to near homogeneity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of wild type mIHF and mIHF mutant proteins revealed that they have similar secondary structures. By employing size-exclusion chromatography and blue-native PAGE, we determined that mIHF exists as a dimmer in solution. To understand the mechanistic basis of mIHF functions, we carried out electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In these assays, we found that wild-type mIHF showed high affinity and stable binding to DNA containing attB and attP sites and also to curved DNA, but not those mIHF mutants bearing mutations in DNA-binding residues. Because wild type mIHF was able to rescue the UV and MMS sensitive phenotypes of E. coli ΔihfA and ΔihfB strains, we ascertained the effect of overexpression of mIHF proteins on the bacterial nucleoid. Our results revealed that wild type mIHF was also able to cause significant nucleoid compaction upon its overexpression, but mutant mIHF proteins were unable to cause compaction of E. coli nucleoid structure. M. smegmatis IHF is known to stimulate L5 phage integrase mediated site-specific recombination, we investigated the ability of mIHF to promote site-specific recombination. In vitro recombination assays showed that M. tuberculosis IHF effectively stimulated the L5 integrase mediated site-specific recombination. Since DNA-bending activity of E. coli IHF is necessary for its functions in various processes like initiation of replication, site-specific recombination, transcriptional regulation and chromosomal organization, we asked whether mIHF possesses DNA bending activity. We employed ligase mediated DNA circularization assays, which revealed that like E. coli IHF, mIHF was able to bend DNA resulting in the covalent closure of DNA to yield circular DNA molecules. Interestingly mIHF also resulted in the formation of slower migrating linear DNA multimers, albeit to a lesser extent, which suggest that both E. coli IHF and mIHF show DNA-bending, but the mechanism is distinct. Further studies using atomic force microscopy showed that depending upon the placement of preferred binding site (curved-DNA sequence) mIHF promotes DNA compaction into nucleoid-like or higher order filamentous structures. Together, these findings provide insights into functions of mIHF in the organization of bacterial nucleoid and formation of higher-order nucleoprotein structures. Importantly, our studies revealed that the DNA-binding residues, the DNA bending mechanism and mechanism of action of mIHF during site-specific recombination were different from E. coli IHF protein. Together with extensive biochemical and in vitro data of bacterial growth, the findings presented in this thesis provide novel insights into the biological roles of H-NS and mIHF in M. tuberculosis.

Submitted by Yasser Gabriel (yassergabriel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T15:17:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIEL, Yasser. Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1399445 bytes, checksum: 71fec44dd047afbc04f1758cce8d1386 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Yasser, Seu trabalho foge do padrão: 1.capa - nome da fundação e escola início da página; 2.contra capa - nome do aluno e título; 3.ficha catalográfica; 4.folha das assinaturas; entre outros, favor, verificar trabalhos dos colegas na biblioteca digital para modelo. Qualquer dúvida estou à disposição. Suzi - 3799-7876 on 2016-05-17T15:56:28Z (GMT) / Submitted by Yasser Gabriel (yassergabriel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T17:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1442034 bytes, checksum: 62e87bda0e040954e9f878b3629fc1be (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Yasser, Favor fazer as alterações recomendadas em seu trabalho: 1 - As seções 'Resumo' e 'Abstract' não devem conter título e autor. Favor retirar ambos e comparar com alguns dos trabalhos finalizados de seus colegas de curso. Atenciosamente, Letícia Monteiro 3799-3631 on 2016-05-17T17:47:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by Yasser Gabriel (yassergabriel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T19:32:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1440881 bytes, checksum: 2aa8ec641216917a7616df56594fd84c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2016-05-18T19:39:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1440881 bytes, checksum: 2aa8ec641216917a7616df56594fd84c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T19:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1440881 bytes, checksum: 2aa8ec641216917a7616df56594fd84c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-06 / Brazil’s economic development depends on the expansion of public infrastructure, which in the last decades has been done through concession programs. The study aims to understand why the government has constantly resorted to 'permit studies' trough the administrative authorization referred in art. 21 of law 8.987/95 for obtain private assistance in structuring infrastructure concession projects. The suspicion is that it does as a way to replace the hiring of consulting services and avoid limitations of public procurement’s general system: law 8.666/93. To achieve this goal, it proposes to understand how each concession structuring procedure occurs: the contracted structuring and the authorized structuring. And through this, understand its advantages and limitations. The study found out that, given the particularities of consulting services for the structuring of concession, law 8.666/93 does not have adequate arrangements to fit this kind of contract. It also found out that the administration repeatedly seeks legal alternatives for contracting such services. It verified that the referred administrative authorization is currently used as one of these legal alternatives, despite not being created for this purpose. But still it does not meet the needs of public administration in the pursuit of getting infrastructure concession projects. Finally, it concludes that, ideally, the Brazilian legal system needs to establish a different regime to hire consultants to assist the administration in structuring infrastructure concession. / O desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro depende da expansão da infraestrutura pública, que, nas últimas décadas, se vem procurando fazer por meio de programas de concessão. O trabalho objetiva compreender porque a administração pública tem constantemente recorrido à autorização de estudos, prevista no art. 21 da lei 8.987/95, para obter auxílio de particulares na estruturação de projetos de concessão de infraestrutura. A desconfiança é que o faz como forma de substituir a contratação de serviços de consultoria para evitar percalços do regime geral das contratações públicas: a lei 8.666/93. Para alcançar tal objetivo, o trabalho propõe entender como ocorre cada procedimento de estruturação de concessão: a estruturação contratada e a estruturação autorizada. A partir disso, compreender suas vantagens e limitações. Constato que, dadas as particularidades do serviço de consultoria para estruturação de concessão, a lei 8.666/93 não possui regime adequado a essa contratação. A pesquisa constatou também que a administração, recorrentemente, busca vias legais alternativas para obter tal serviço. Verifico que a autorização de estudos é atualmente usada como mais uma dessas vias alternativas — em que pese não tenha sido criada para esse fim — e que não supre as necessidades da administração pública na obtenção de projetos de concessão de infraestrutura. Por fim, concluí que, idealmente, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro precisa instituir regime jurídico diferente do modelo da lei 8.666/93 para contratar consultorias para auxiliar a administração a estruturar concessão de infraestrutura.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KLEBER MAZZIERO DE SOUZA.pdf: 2010131 bytes, checksum: 7a6f3a4eabba5db3bd3e79bd18e159d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / The paper discusses the role of the musical element, the Jingle, within the framework of the advertising piece commonly called "commercial". In an attempt to investigate the premise that the Jingle lost significant importance in Digital Media s Age in comparison to advertising messages conveyed on twentieth century´s end by Radio and Television, the methodological techniques were applied Content Analysis, in search of measure and point out the significant decrease in the mean time for the Jingle in Digital Media s Age advertising pieces and Discourse Analysis, which allowed measuring the depletion in the use of language features structuring the musical-literary discourse of Jingle throughout the first decade twenty-first century Brazilian advertising. After the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the production of Jingle in Digital Media s Age, the paper concludes that there was, in fact, waste of space and importance, and the Jingle, who has held the starring role, is now an supporting role within the communicational process with the market. / O trabalho aborda o papel desempenhado pelo elemento musical, o Jingle, dentro da estrutura da peça publicitária comumente chamada de comercial . Para averiguar a premissa de que o Jingle perdeu importância expressiva pela chegada da Era dos Meios Digitais em relação às mensagens publicitárias veiculadas até o final do século XX pelo Rádio e pela Televisão, as técnicas metodológicas aplicadas foram a Análise de Conteúdo, com a proposta de mensurar e apontar a significativa diminuição no tempo médio destinado ao Jingle nas peças publicitárias na Era dos Meios Digitais e a Análise do Discurso, que possibilitou aferir o empobrecimento no uso dos recursos de linguagem na estruturação do discurso músico-literário do Jingle ao longo da primeira década do século XXI na publicidade brasileira. Após a avaliação dos parâmetros quantitativo e qualitativo da produção do Jingle na Era dos Meios Digitais, o trabalho conclui que houve, de fato, perda de espaço e importância e que o Jingle, que já ocupou o papel de protagonista, hoje é um coadjuvante dentro do processo comunicacional com o mercado.

La thèse s’appuie sur un recueil de 48 productions narratives, orales puis écrites, recueillies auprès d’élèves scolarisés en classe de CM2, dans deux écoles de Metz et de Libreville. La consigne – identique dans les deux situations – a consisté à demander aux élèves qu’ils racontent une histoire qui leur était arrivée et qui les avait frappés. Nous cherchions, à partir de ce recueil empirique, à évaluer « qualitativement » la compétence narrative des élèves telle que plusieurs comparaisons nous aidaient à le faire (les deux productions d’un même élève, les productions écrites de la classe française, etc.). Après une première partie qui procède à différents cadrages – théoriques et méthodologiques – les analyses des productions recueillies sont envisagées du point de vue de la temporalité interne des procès (l’avancée, la simultanéité et la régression des faits rapportés) ainsi que le suggèrent les analyse de Bres (2001). Quant à l’évaluation de la cohésion des discours produits, nous nous sommes inspirée des études sur la cohérence et la cohésion (Adam, 2011 ; Charolles 1988) pour envisager les productions d’un point de vue d’abord global – le niveau supérieur de la narrativité – sur ce qu’elles semblent indiquer comme intention signifiante. Nous avons ensuite envisagé le niveau intermédiaire des plans de texte et de leur cohésion, c’est-à-dire de l’enchaînement des énoncés et des phénomènes de liaison (ou de rupture) qui, non strictement syntaxiques, qui fondent cette cohésion. Il s’est agi, tout au long de ce travail d’éviter une conception trop étroitement normative et micro-structurelle des erreurs rencontrées. À l’issue d’une deuxième partie consacrée aux analyses des productions recueillies, la dernière partie s’efforce de reconfigurer les activités langagières dans le cadre de la didactique du français et de sérier les domaines de compétence dans lesquels s’exerce la pratique narrative d’élèves âgés d’une dizaine d’années, comme le sont ceux que nous avons soumis à notre investigation / The thesis is based on a collection of 48 narrative productions, oral and written, collected from pupils enrolled in the CM2 class at two schools in Metz and Libreville. The instruction - identical in both situations - consisted in asking the students to tell a story that had happened to them and that had struck them. From this empirical collection, we sought to evaluate the narrative competence of the pupils as "qualitatively" as several comparisons helped us to do (the two productions of the same pupil, the written productions of the French class, etc.) After a first part which proceeds to different frames - theoretical andMethodologies - the analyzes of the collected productions are considered from the point of view of the internal temporality of the processes (the progress, the simultaneity and the regression of the reported facts) as suggested by the analyzes of Bres (2001). As for the evaluation of the cohesion of the discourse produced, we based our studies on coherence and cohesion (Adam, 2011, Charolles 1988) to consider production from a global point of view - Of narrativity - on what they seem to indicate as meaningful intention. We then considered the intermediate level of the textplanes and their cohesion, that is to say, the chaining of utterances and the phenomena of bonding (or rupture) which, not strictly syntactic, underlie this cohesion. Throughout this work, we have avoided an overly normative and micro-structural conception of the errors encountered. After a second part devoted to the analyzes of the collected productions, the last part attempts to reconfigure the linguistic activities within the framework of the didactics of French and to set out the areas of competence in which the narrative practice is practiced Of students aged about ten years, as are those we have submitted to our investigation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimentojunior_af_dr_bauru.pdf: 2460497 bytes, checksum: 549f45d882c87fc34611cdfbd0645976 (MD5) / A tese foi desenvolvida buscando identificar os elementos necessários para uma compreensão da visão biológica sobre a natureza, numa perspectiva histórica e filosófica. Foi realizado um estudo teórico fundamentado no pensamento materialista dialético, visando identificar as principais questões que sustentam a biologia, considerando a sua história de construção e o olhar da filosofia da ciência sobre ela. Fez-se um levantamento documental principalmente nas fontes secundárias sobre a história e filosofia da biologia, também em algumas fontes primárias. Tendo realizada esta etapa, fez-se uma análise do conteúdo disciplinar dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (PCNEM), PCNEM+ e as Orientações Curriculares. O estudo foi direcionado por três questões: Quais são os elementos que caracterizam a biologia como tal ao longo da sua construção? Como estes elementos se caracterizam e se articulam? Os documentos curriculares oficiais consideram estes elementos na sua formulação? Como resultado, é trazida a história das ideias sobre os seres vivos na Antiguidade à Idade Média, sendo possível identificar algumas das questões que a biologia veio a se debruçar nos séculos seguintes. Em seguida, enfatiza-se a mudança ocorrida na visão de mundo na Idade Moderna que se opôs a Escolástica e suas implicações na organizaçãoda ciência que culminou na Revolução Científica. O século XIX marca o surgimento da biologia enquanto ciência. No início do século alguns ramos já se configuravam, porém ainda vinculados com a filosofia da natureza. Constitui-se a partir daí um olhar específico sobre a natureza considerando-se três teorias principais: teoria celular, teoria do equilíbrio interno e a teoria da seleção natural e origens das espécies. Duas perspectivas centrais se estruturaram, uma Mecanicista e outra Histórica, as quais sustentaram... / The thesis was developed in order to identify the elements necessary for an understanding of biological vision about the nature, historical and philosophical perspective. We conducted a theoretical study based on dialectical materialist thought, to identify the key issues underpinning biology, considering its history of construction and look at the philosophy of science about it. There was a documentary survey mainly on secondary sources on the history and philosophy of biology, also in some primary sources. Having performed this step, there was a review of disciplinary content of National Curriculum of Secondary Education (PCNEM) PCNEM + and Curriculum guidelines. The study walked directed by three questions: What are the elements that characterize the biology as such throughout its construction? How these elements are characterized and articulate? Documents of curriculum consider these elements in its formulation? As a result, it brought the history of ideas on living in antiquity to the Middle Ages, it is possibile to identify some of the questions that biology came to look over the following centuries. Then, we seek to emphasize the change in worldview in the modern era who opposed scholasticism and its implications to the science that culminated in the Scientific Revolution. The nineteenth century marks the emergence of biology as a science. At the beginning of the century there were already some branches, but still tied to the philosophy of nature. It consists from there a specific look on nature by considering three main theories: cell theory, theory of internal equilibrium and the theory of natural selection and origin of species. Two central perspectives are structured, a Mechanistic and another Historic, which ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2680.pdf: 6485015 bytes, checksum: 80308a62623a9b81cad38c987461252a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-24 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The present work studied populations of Ardea alba egretta (Great Egret) family Ardeidae (Aves), sampled from four Brazilian regions situated at different latitudes (Rio Grande do Sul, Pantanal, São Paulo and Amapá). Species-specific primers developed in this study allowed the sequencing of 194 individuals in the Domain I of mitochondrial DNA control region (fragment of 586 bp). Fifty-eight polymorphic sites were found, defining 74 haplotypes. Haplotype Hap9 was the most frequent and the majority of the remaining haplotypes occurred in low frequencies. Average nucleotide diversity was 0.006 and average haplotype diversity 0.908. Distribution of nucleotide diversity followed a descending order: Amapá> Pantanal> São Paulo> Rio Grande do Sul, and the differences between Amapá and the other populations were statistically significant. Results of AMOVA analysis indicated that there is genetic differentiation among populations of the four regions (Fct = 0.02145, p = 0.03324). Values of the pairwise F-statistics showed low genetic structuring among the colonies within each region, but significant structuring among the four regions. It was evident by the analysis of structuring that the genetic composition of Amapá is different from other regions. Significant differences revealed by the tests of Fu's Fs, Tajima's D, R2 and analyses of mismatch distribution, together with star-shaped haplotype networks, indicated signals of demographic expansion in the populations of Rio Grande do Sul and Pantanal. For the Amapá population only biases of Fu's Fs were significant and the curves of "mismatch distribution" can be explained by the unimodal standard distribution. The estimated time of expansion (&#964;) for Rio Grande do Sul population was 7,195 years before present, for Pantanal population was 32,009 and for Amapá population was 68,674. Obtained results are consistent with the hypothesis that the equatorial region likely was a refuge for populations of this species during the Pleistocene glaciations. / Foram estudadas populações de Ardea alba egretta (garça-branca-grande) da família Ardeidae (Aves), amostradas em quatro regiões brasileiras, com latitudes diferentes (Rio Grande do Sul, Pantanal, São Paulo e Amapá). Oligonucleotídeos espécie-específicos desenvolvidos nesse estudo possibilitaram o seqüenciamento de um fragmento de 586 pb do Domínio I da região controladora do DNA mitocondrial em 194 individuos. Cinqüenta e oito sítios polimórficos foram encontrados, definindo 74 haplótipos. O haplótipo de maior freqüência foi o Hap9 e a maioria dos demais haplótipos apresentaram freqüências baixas. A diversidade nucleotídica média foi de 0,006 e a diversidade haplotípica média 0,908. A distribuição da diversidade nucleotídica seguiu ordem decrescente do Amapá > Pantanal > São Paulo > Rio Grande do Sul e as diferenças entre Amapá e as demais populações foram estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados da análise AMOVA indicaram que há diferenciação genética entre as populações das quatro regiões (Fct = 0,02145; p = 0,03324). Valores de Fst par-a-par revelaram baixa estruturação entre as colônias dentro de cada região, mas estruturação entre as quatro regiões foi detectada. Ficou evidente pelas análises de estruturação que a composição genética do Amapá difere das demais regiões estudadas. Significantes desvios nos testes de Fs de Fu, D de Tajima, R2 e as análises da distribuição das diferenças par-a-par ( mismatch distribution ) e redes haplotípicas em formato de estrela apontam para sinais de expansão demográfica nas populações do Rio Grande do Sul e do Pantanal. Para o Amapá apenas os desvios de Fs de Fu foram significativos e as curvas de mismatch distribution podem ser explicadas pelo padrão unimodal. A estimativa do tempo de expansão (&#964;) para o Rio Grande do Sul foi de 7.195 anos antes do presente, para o Pantanal foi de 32.009 e para o Amapá foi de 68.674, anos antes do presente. Os resultados obtidos foram concordantes com a hipótese de que a região equatorial possivelmente foi o refúgio para as populações dessa espécie durante glaciações ocorridas no Pleistoceno.