Regeringen överlämnade nyligen propositionen (prop. 2020/21:131) ”Privat initiativrätt – planintressentens medverkan vid detaljplaneläggning” till riksdagen med ambitionen att förenkla och förkorta planprocessen. Förslaget kommer från Januariöverenskommelsen där en av punkterna har detta som mål och förhoppning att bidra till snabbare och billigare byggande. Förslaget innebär att efter kommunen har lämnat ett positivt planbesked enligt plan- och bygglagen (SFS 2010:900) ska kommunen även redovisa vilket planeringsunderlag som sannolikt kan behövas vid detaljplaneläggningen, om planintressenten begär det. Effekterna av lagförslaget har undersökts genom metoderna multipel fallstudie samt dokument- och litteraturstudie. Projektutvecklare och kommuner har intervjuats för att höra marknadens åsikter och tankar om förslaget och hur de tror lagförslaget kommer påverka detaljplaneprocessen och arbetssättet. Som bakgrund till lagförslaget finns flera års arbete med utredningar där startpunkten handlade om översiktsplaner, som sedan vidareutvecklades till nya frågeställningar, bland annat om privat initiativrätt. Under utredningsarbetet valde utredaren att genomföra en omvärldsanalys för att se hur andra länder applicerar privat initiativrätt och utredaren kom fram till att Norges system var mest relevant för ett införande i svensk lagstiftning. Det slutliga lagförslaget från regeringen påminner lite om den norska modellen för privat initiativrätt, men det finns några väsentliga skillnader mellan ländernas lagstiftning. Det märktes att begreppet privat initiativrätt är vilseledande under intervjuerna då respondenterna hade olika uppfattning om vad begreppet betyder. Det syns också i utredningsarbeten att de haft svårt att sätta en exakt definition av begreppet. Det är många som tolkar begreppet ordagrant och då är det lätt att få uppfattningen att privat initiativrätt innebär en rätt för den enskilde att initiera ett planärende, men så är inte fallet med det lagförslag som regeringen lägger fram till riksdagen. Det handlar endast om att den enskilde har rätt att ta fram planeringsunderlag i form av utredningar till detaljplanen. Kommunen är fortfarande den som formellt initierar ett detaljplaneärende, driver processen framåt och har sista ordet om en detaljplan ska antas eller inte. Att de privata aktörerna bidrar med underlag kommer att underlätta arbetet för kommunen, däremot används detta arbetssätt hos de flesta kommuner och projektutvecklare redan idag, vilket innebär att lagförslaget blir ett förtydligande av gällande praxis. Resultatet av studien påvisar att lagförslaget om privat initiativrätt är ett förslag som inte räcker hela vägen - då det inte innebär någon direkt privat initiativrätt utan en möjlighet att bidra med planeringsunderlag och eventuellt snabba på processen en aning. I andra länder såsom Norge är privat initiativrätt betydligt mer långtgående då kommunerna är tvungna att ta ställning till ett framtaget material som förväntas antas om de uppfyller lagkraven. Någon garanti för en framtagen detaljplan med godkända utredningar finns inte, vilket kan anses få en hämmande effekt på lagförslaget. Lagförslaget är inte så ambitiöst, men är ett steg i rätt riktning. / The Government recently submitted the bill (prop. 2020/21:131) "Private initiative - the stakeholder's participation in detailed planning" to the riksdag with the ambition of simplifying and shortening the planning process. The proposal comes from the January agreement, where one of the points has this as a goal, and it is also hoped to make construction faster and cheaper. The proposal means that after the municipality has submitted a positive planning decision in accordance with the Planning and Building Act (SFS 2010: 900), the municipality must also report which planning documentation may probably be needed for the detailed planning, if the stakeholder so requests. The impact of the bill has been investigated through the methods of multiple case study and document and literature study. Project developers and municipalities have been interviewed to get the market's views and thoughts on the proposal and how they believe the proposal will affect the detailed planning process and working methods. As a background to the bill, there are several years of work with investigations where the starting point was about general plans, which then further developed into new issues, including private initiative. During the investigation, they chose to carry out an external analysis of the business environment to see how other countries apply private initiative and the investigator came to the conclusion that Norway's system was most relevant for its introduction into Swedish legislation. The final proposal from the government is somewhat reminiscent of the Norwegian model for private initiative, but there are some significant differences between the countries' legislation. It was noticed that the term private initiative is misleading during the interviews as the respondents had different views on what the term means. It can also be seen in investigative work that it has been difficult to set an exact definition of the term. There are many who interpret the term verbatim and then it is easy to get the impression that private initiative means a right for the individual to initiate a detailed plan, but this is not the case with the bill that the government submits to the riksdag. It is only a matter of the individual having the right to produce planning documentation in the form of investigations into the detailed plan. The municipality is still the one that formally initiates a detailed plan, drives the process forward and has the last word on whether a detailed plan should be adopted or not. The fact that the private actors contribute with data will facilitate the work for the municipality, however, this way of working is used by most municipalities and project developers already today, which means that the bill will be a clarification of current practice. The results of the study show that the bill on private initiative is a proposal that is not far enough - as it does not involve any direct private initiative but an opportunity to contribute with planning documents and possibly speed up the process a bit. In other countries such as Norway, private initiative is much more far-reaching as the municipalities are forced to take a position on a material produced that is expected to be adopted if they meet the legal requirements. There is no guarantee for a detailed plan with approved investigations, which can be considered to have an inhibiting effect on the bill. The bill is not so ambitious, but is a step in the right direction

Submitted by Yasser Gabriel (yassergabriel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T15:17:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIEL, Yasser. Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1399445 bytes, checksum: 71fec44dd047afbc04f1758cce8d1386 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Yasser, Seu trabalho foge do padrão: 1.capa - nome da fundação e escola início da página; 2.contra capa - nome do aluno e título; 3.ficha catalográfica; 4.folha das assinaturas; entre outros, favor, verificar trabalhos dos colegas na biblioteca digital para modelo. Qualquer dúvida estou à disposição. Suzi - 3799-7876 on 2016-05-17T15:56:28Z (GMT) / Submitted by Yasser Gabriel (yassergabriel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T17:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1442034 bytes, checksum: 62e87bda0e040954e9f878b3629fc1be (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Yasser, Favor fazer as alterações recomendadas em seu trabalho: 1 - As seções 'Resumo' e 'Abstract' não devem conter título e autor. Favor retirar ambos e comparar com alguns dos trabalhos finalizados de seus colegas de curso. Atenciosamente, Letícia Monteiro 3799-3631 on 2016-05-17T17:47:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by Yasser Gabriel (yassergabriel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T19:32:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1440881 bytes, checksum: 2aa8ec641216917a7616df56594fd84c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2016-05-18T19:39:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1440881 bytes, checksum: 2aa8ec641216917a7616df56594fd84c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T19:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (fgv).pdf: 1440881 bytes, checksum: 2aa8ec641216917a7616df56594fd84c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-06 / Brazil’s economic development depends on the expansion of public infrastructure, which in the last decades has been done through concession programs. The study aims to understand why the government has constantly resorted to 'permit studies' trough the administrative authorization referred in art. 21 of law 8.987/95 for obtain private assistance in structuring infrastructure concession projects. The suspicion is that it does as a way to replace the hiring of consulting services and avoid limitations of public procurement’s general system: law 8.666/93. To achieve this goal, it proposes to understand how each concession structuring procedure occurs: the contracted structuring and the authorized structuring. And through this, understand its advantages and limitations. The study found out that, given the particularities of consulting services for the structuring of concession, law 8.666/93 does not have adequate arrangements to fit this kind of contract. It also found out that the administration repeatedly seeks legal alternatives for contracting such services. It verified that the referred administrative authorization is currently used as one of these legal alternatives, despite not being created for this purpose. But still it does not meet the needs of public administration in the pursuit of getting infrastructure concession projects. Finally, it concludes that, ideally, the Brazilian legal system needs to establish a different regime to hire consultants to assist the administration in structuring infrastructure concession. / O desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro depende da expansão da infraestrutura pública, que, nas últimas décadas, se vem procurando fazer por meio de programas de concessão. O trabalho objetiva compreender porque a administração pública tem constantemente recorrido à autorização de estudos, prevista no art. 21 da lei 8.987/95, para obter auxílio de particulares na estruturação de projetos de concessão de infraestrutura. A desconfiança é que o faz como forma de substituir a contratação de serviços de consultoria para evitar percalços do regime geral das contratações públicas: a lei 8.666/93. Para alcançar tal objetivo, o trabalho propõe entender como ocorre cada procedimento de estruturação de concessão: a estruturação contratada e a estruturação autorizada. A partir disso, compreender suas vantagens e limitações. Constato que, dadas as particularidades do serviço de consultoria para estruturação de concessão, a lei 8.666/93 não possui regime adequado a essa contratação. A pesquisa constatou também que a administração, recorrentemente, busca vias legais alternativas para obter tal serviço. Verifico que a autorização de estudos é atualmente usada como mais uma dessas vias alternativas — em que pese não tenha sido criada para esse fim — e que não supre as necessidades da administração pública na obtenção de projetos de concessão de infraestrutura. Por fim, concluí que, idealmente, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro precisa instituir regime jurídico diferente do modelo da lei 8.666/93 para contratar consultorias para auxiliar a administração a estruturar concessão de infraestrutura.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisio.pdf: 3959165 bytes, checksum: 4ec0ca923cd2632303d908bad9804b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-13 / The transformations and changes in the market, in politics and in the economy of Brazil have had a historical and often an unknown path which is little publicized by the responsible media. The management partnership between public and private has been increasingly present in societies where the State has adopted policies of moderate intervention. The liberal economic policies, the insistent encouragement to entrepreneurship and free enterprise, deregulating processes, partnerships and political agreements implemented, constitute and shape the main support bases of the contemporary economic scenario. Allied to this, the economy under the aegis of continuous strategic expansion of wealth has produced in Brazil the probing and exploitation of niche markets, formerly unnoticed. As a result of these facts, it is observed that in recent decades a progressive factual growth in the leisure and entertainment sector, from the planning and creation of dozens of organizations and companies aiming at the exploitation of such activities. The contextualization of the subject partnership management will be based on the study and analysis of a practical experience in management permission model implemented at Cidade da Criança s Park in São Bernardo do Campo, the Great ABC region. In the meantime there is the chance to identify patterns of managerial actions and forms of organizational planning that sign some aspects, features and capabilities that underlie the functional feasibility or not of this practical scenario and real partnership. / As transformações e modificações ocorridas no mercado, nas políticas e na economia do Brasil possuem um histórico e um trajeto muitas vezes desconhecidos e pouco divulgados pelos meios responsáveis a este fim. A parceria em gestão entre o público e o privado tem estado cada vez mais presente nas sociedades onde o Estado tem adotado políticas de intervenção moderada. As políticas econômicas liberais, o insistente incentivo ao empreendedorismo e à livre iniciativa, os processos de desburocratização, as parcerias e acordos políticos levados à prática, constituem e formam as principais bases de sustentação do cenário econômico contemporâneo. Aliado a isto, a economia sob a égide estratégica da expansão contínua de riquezas tem produzido no Brasil a sondagem e aproveitamento de nichos de mercado, outrora despercebidos. Em decorrência destes fatos, observa-se nas últimas décadas um crescimento progressivo factual no setor de lazer e entretenimento, a partir do planejamento e criação de dezenas de organizações e empresas objetivando a exploração destas atividades. A contextualização do tema gestão em parceria se dará a partir do estudo e análise de uma experiência prática de gerenciamento em modelo de Permissão implementada no parque Cidade da Criança em São Bernardo do Campo, região do Grande ABC Paulista. Neste meio tempo, surge a chance de identificar padrões de ações gerenciais e formas de planejamento organizacional que sinalizem aspectos, características e capacidades que fundamentem a viabilidade funcional ou não desta parceria em cenário prático e real.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:01:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 738.pdf: 8869091 bytes, checksum: cc5bd531c963cc72ceac03c8147bdb9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-21 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The present study deals with the analysis and interpretation of changes that have occurred in the context of medium sized urbanizations in the state of São Paulo, specifically those that have been part physically and economically of the Administrative Region of Campinas, one of the areas that has shown dynamic processes of territorial and populational expansion, during the period of political, economical and social transformations in Brazil, taking as a time reference the period from 1960 to 2000. As a local reference, we have the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, considered to be the third largest industrial center in the country, right after the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The city of Limeira was chosen as the central object of this study, a medium sized urbanization inserted in the regional context and influenced by the processes thereby derived which has shown a record of transformations connected to the expansion of urban networks and population growth in the last 40 years. The social-spatial dynamism of the city was analyzed here, observing the relations of the federal, state and regional economy with the conformation and configuration of the occupation of the spaces that are part of its urban tissue. In the same way, relations were observed between the increase of the city urban population and the issue of appropriation of urbanized land as an inducing element of spatial growth. Historical, economical and social happenings were also focused on in these interpretations, seeking to assess the expansion dynamism of the city along with the dividing up of the land, in this case as a forming element of the process and connected to regional formation. In relation to actions and agents that implemented the occupation of the city land, the performance of public authority and private initiative was observed in these scenarios, demonstrating some of the features of the way space is utilized in Limeira. / Trata o presente estudo da análise e interpretação de modificações ocorridas no contexto das urbanizações de porte médio do Estado de São Paulo, mais especificamente aquelas constituintes tanto física quanto economicamente da Região Administrativa de Campinas, uma das áreas que apresentou processos dinâmicos de expansão territorial e populacional, quando das transformações de ordem política, econômica e social no Brasil tomando-se como base cronológica o período compreendido entre 1960 e 2000. Como referência local está a Região Metropolitana de Campinas, considerada o terceiro parque industrial do país estando posicionada após as áreas metropolitanas de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Tomou-se como objeto central deste estudo a cidade de Limeira, urbanização de porte médio que inserida no conjunto regional e influenciada pelos processos ali decorrentes apresentou histórico de transformações ligadas a expansão da malha urbana e crescimento populacional nos últimos 40 anos. Analisouse aqui, a dinâmica sócio-espacial da cidade observando relações da economia federal, estadual e regional com a conformação e configuração da ocupação dos espaços constituintes de seu tecido urbano. Do mesmo modo foram observadas as relações entre o aumento da população urbana do município e a questão da apropriação da terra urbanizada enquanto elemento indutor do crescimento espacial. Focou-se ainda nestas interpretações, ocorrências históricas, econômicas e sociais visando formatar a dinâmica de expansão da cidade em conjunto com o parcelamento do solo, este enquanto elemento formador do processo e ligado à formação regional. Com relação às ações e agentes que implementaram a ocupação do solo na cidade foram observadas as atuações do poder público e da iniciativa privada nestes cenários, demonstrando algumas características dos modos de utilização do espaço em Limeira.

Fram till år 2025 beräknas mellan 51 000 och 93 000 bostäder behöva byggas i Sverige varje år. Idag byggs inte ens i närheten av så många. Konjunktur är mycket betydande för bostadsbyggande men även detaljplaneprocessens effektivitet och hur fort detaljplaner kan tas fram påverkar hur mycket som byggs. Byggprocessutredningen och Plangenomförandeutredningen är två tidigare utredningar som försökt förbättra planprocessen. Utifrån dessa utredningar har frågan om privat initiativrätt aktualiserats. 2019 har en ny utredning gjorts för att se över behovet och förutsättningarna för detta. Samtidigt gäller kommunalt planmonopol som innebär att den fysiska planeringen av mark och vatten är en kommunal angelägenhet.Syftet med denna uppsats är därav att först jämföra planprocesserna i Sverige, Norge och England särskilt i fråga om den privat initiativrättens utformning. Därefter fokuserar frågorna på hur den svenska planprocessen kan utvecklas tillsammans med en utökad privat initiativrätt, vilka för- och nackdelar som kan finnas och hur intresset ser ut för ett införande från kommuner och byggaktörer. Delar i systemen i Norge och England som har en utmärkande del privata initiativ har studerats speciellt, rättare sagt planeringsunderlag och samråd. Uppsatsen omfattar en fallstudie för plansystemen i Norge och England med syfte att jämföras med den svenska planprocessen. Syftet med två jämförande länder var att kunna använda verkliga fungerande förslag på utvecklingsområden till den svenska processen. Både en dokument- och litteraturstudie har utförts. Detta för att sätta sig in ämnet och förstå grundläggande lagstiftning, bakgrunden till dessa och identifierade konsekvenser av detta idag. Den kvalitativa studien har inneburit 14 intervjuer med kommuner, byggaktörer och branschorganisationer.  Det svenska plansystemet på kommunal nivå innefattar en icke bindande översiktsplan och en bindande detaljplan utifrån vilken bygglov söks. Kommunen har planmonopol och bestämmer när ett planarbete ska påbörjas. För att försöka göra processen snabbare kan byggaktörer sedan 2011 begära planbesked och kommuner sedan 2017 begära planeringsbesked. I Norge har alla kommuner en kommuneplan som innefattar två delar, varav arealdelen är bindande. Områdesregulering och detaljregulering motsvarar den svenska detaljplanen, där detaljreguleringen får utformas av privata planintressenter. I England ansöks byggtillstånd utan detaljplan direkt på en icke bindande översiktlig plan.Intervjuer visade att samarbetet skiljer sig åt beroende på vilka kommuner eller byggaktörer som är inblandade. Utredningar, resurser, kompetens, finansiering och lagstiftning påverkar tidsåtgången. Utvecklingsmöjligheter anses finnas i detaljplanens detaljeringsgrad, samarbetet med bygglovsenheten, avvägningen av riksintressen och avtalsvillkor. Byggaktörerna anger att de vill ta mer ansvar i processen för att kunna påverka tidsåtgången. De delar i processen som utgör myndighetsutövning anses istället inte intressant att lägga på det enskilda. Transparensen, tydlighet och samverkan behöver bli bättre utifrån ett konkurrenssyfte. Hur privat initiativrätt ska fungera i praktiken, och om det är bra, finns det delade meningar om.Tidsfrister för hela planprocessen kan tillsammans med ytterligare utredningsansvar stärka byggaktörens kontroll över tiden. Resursbristen i kommunen bör underlättas när mer ansvar läggs på byggaktören. Mer betydande översiktsplaner anses öka transparensen och minska risken för förgävesplanering. En del av risken bör övergå till kommunen som utövar mest kontroll. Privat initiativrätt ställer högre krav på samarbete mellan kommun och byggaktör. Kunskaper och erfarenheter används bäst när de delas med varandra.Samarbetet och transparensen är viktiga faktorer som måste förbättras för att förbättra planprocessen. Det finns ett behov att privat initiativrätt om det bidrar till att processen går fortare. Det är dock svårt att se hur det ska fungera i praktiken, mycket pga. det kommunala planmonopolet. Fördelarna med privat initiativrätt är högre effektivitet, bättre samarbete, större rådighet över marken samt kontroll över risken för byggaktören. Nackdelarna är att konkurrensen blir sämre, visst merarbete uppstår för kommunen, risken ökar i tidigt skede för byggaktören och det görs intrång i planmonopolet. Privat initiativrätt kan framförallt utökas i utredningsskedet men även vad gäller utformandet av detaljplaner. / Between 51,000 and 93,000 homes need to be built in Sweden every year up until 2025. Today, we’re not even close to that. The business cycle is very important for housing construction, but so are also the efficiency of the detailed planning process and how quickly detailed plans can be developed, which then affect how much is being built. Byggprocessutredningen and Plangenomförandeutredningen are two previous investigations that previously attempted to improve the planning process. Based on these investigations, the issue of private initiative has been raised. In 2019, a new investigation has been carried out to review the need and conditions for this. At the same time, the municipal planning monopoly says that the physical planning of land and water is a municipal matter.The purpose of this thesis is therefore to first compare the planning processes in Sweden, Norway and England especially in terms of the right to private initiative in urban planning. The questions then focus on how the Swedish planning process can be developed through an expanded right of private initiative, what advantages and disadvantages it can lead to and if the municipalities and developers are interested in such an expansion. Parts of the systems in Norway and England, that have a distinctive part of private initiative, have been specifically studied, more precisely planning preparation and consultation. The thesis comprises a case study for the planning systems in Norway and the England with the aim of being compared with the Swedish planning process. The purpose of two comparative countries was to be able to use real, functional proposals on development areas for the Swedish process. Both a document and literature analysis have been performed. This is to get acquainted with the subject and understand basic legislation, the background to these and identified consequences of this today. The qualitative study has resulted in fourteen interviews with municipalities, developers and industry organizations.The Swedish planning system at municipal level includes a guiding overviewing plan and a legally binding detailed plan on which building permit is applied. The municipality has the planning  monopoly and decides when a planning work is to begin. In order to try to make the process more efficient, developers can, since 2011, request planbesked and municipalities can since 2017 request planeringsbesked. In Norway, all municipalities have an overviewing plan that includes two parts, of which one is legally binding. Områdesregulering and detaljregulering correspond to the Swedish detaljplan, where the second one may be designed by private plan stakeholders. In England, an application for planning permission are based directly on a guiding overviewing plan.Interviews showed that the cooperation differs depending on which municipalities and developers that are involved. Investigations, resources, competence, financing and legislation all affect the time schedule. Potentiality are considered to be found in the detailed plan's degree of detail, the cooperation with the building permit unit, the balance of national interests and contract terms. The developers state that they want to take more responsibility in the process simply in order to be able to influence the time spent. The parts of the process that constitute the exercise of authorities are not considered interesting to transfer to an individual party. Transparency, clarity and collaboration need to be improved on the basis of a competitive purpose. However, opinions are split on whether private right of initiative is a good thing, and how it will practically work.Time limits for the entire planning process, together with further investigation responsibility, can strengthen the developer’s control over the time schedule. The resource shortage in the municipality should be facilitated when more responsibility is placed on the developer More significant overviewing plans are considered to increase transparency and reduce the risk of planning in vain. Part of the risk should be transferred to the municipality that exercises the most control. Private right of initiative places greater demands on cooperation between the municipality and the developer. It is stated that knowledge and experience are best used when it is shared.Cooperation and transparency are important factors that must be improved to make the planning process more efficient. There is, in fact, a need for private initiative right if it contributes to efficiency in the planning process. However, it is difficult to see how it will work in practice, much because of the municipal planning monopoly. The advantages of private initiative law are higher efficiency, better cooperation, greater availability of land and control over the risk for the developer. The disadvantages are that competition gets worse, some additional work for the municipality arises, the risk increases at an early stage for the developer and there is an infringement of the planning monopoly. Private right of initiative can in particular be expanded in the investigation phase, but also regarding the design of detailed plans.

Article overviews public-private partnership mechanisms for social entrepreneurship development. Comparative analysis of federal laws and regulatory acts in the field of public-private partnership mechanisms and social entrepreneurship has been conducted. Mechanism of private initiatives for development and implementation of public-private partnership projects is described. Measures for municipal-private partnership development are proposed. The importance of this study is confirmed by the normative legal act of strategic planning: the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 8, 2016 No. 1144-R “Support for access of non-governmental organizations to the provision of services in the social sphere” (“road map”). The purpose of “the road map” is to increase the participation of non-governmental organizations in the social sphere to improve the availability and quality of services and optimize budget expenditures. At the regional level, activities to promote the development of the non-state (non-municipal) sector in the social sphere are carried out within the framework of the following mechanisms: 1. Implementation of “pilot” projects. 2. One of the principles of the standard coincides with the purpose of “the road map” to increase the satisfaction of consumers and other participants of economic activity with the quality of goods, works and services sold in regional markets. 3. Development, approval and implementation of regional and municipal action plans (“the road maps”). These mechanisms pursue significant goals-improving the availability and quality of social services provided to consumers, the development of competition in the markets of these services. The mechanism of development and consideration of “a private initiative” in the law on public-private partnership is not regulated by a separate article. Thus, the foundations of the development of social entrepreneurship on the basis of public-private partnership mechanisms are based on theoretical sources. Modern legislation has formulated a legal framework in which the mechanisms of public-private partnership and municipal-private partnership for the development of social entrepreneurship can be implemented. / Магистерская диссертация содержит 117 страниц, 18 таблиц, 58 литературных источников, включая электронные ресурсы. Объект исследования – процесс реализации механизмов развития социального предпринимательства. Цель исследования – изучить теоретические и организационно-правовые основы реализации государственно-частного партнерства в социальной сфере и механизмы развития социального предпринимательства. Основными методами проведения исследования стали анализ теоретической литературы, анализ нормативно-правовых документов, анализ статистических данных. В процессе исследования был изучен и уточнен понятийный аппарат государственно-частного партнерства и социального предпринимательства в теоретических и правовых источниках, обоснована необходимость использования государственно-частного партнерства как механизма развития социального предпринимательства, в том числе на уровне муниципального управления. Результатом работы стала разработка рекомендаций для муниципальных образований Свердловской области в целях развития социального предпринимательства на основе механизмов государственно-частного партнерства. Теоретической базой данной работы стали 10 авторефератов диссертаций, 1 монографическая работа, 19 статей в научных журналах, Интернет – публикации.

Submitted by Gabriel Amaro (gabriel_amaro252@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-04T19:48:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gabriel Amaro.pdf: 2071512 bytes, checksum: 35cc0d0ab5b428664e504c38138ade31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-02-21T19:08:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gabriel Amaro.pdf: 2071512 bytes, checksum: 35cc0d0ab5b428664e504c38138ade31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T14:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gabriel Amaro.pdf: 2071512 bytes, checksum: 35cc0d0ab5b428664e504c38138ade31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 / Objetivo - Trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre as relações entre a iniciativa privada e o Estado, com o objetivo de, partindo de uma visão de dentro da empresa, entender o Poder Público como stakeholder para a montagem de uma estratégia que considere essa força atuante nas organizações. Para entender como trabalha essa pressão institucional, estudaremos o Poder Público para encaixá-lo como stakeholder e como força atuante no modelo de Porter, além de trazer um histórico sobre essa interação. Metodologia - Para isso selecionamos o caso do Porto Maravilha, uma Parceria Público Privada de reurbanização, já que nela temos a relação de uma concessionária como partícipe privada em um contrato com o Poder Público. Além disso, existem na área empreendimentos independentes que também podem ser analisados perante a relação do público com o privado. O estudo segue o método qualitativo, com viés exploratório. Foram entrevistados empresários que tem projetos na região do Porto maravilha, além da concessionária Porto Novo e sua contratante que representa o Poder Público. Utilizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas, onde refletimos sobre as experiências onde o Estado se fez presente, identificando o papel que este assumiu como stakeholder de cada empresa. Resultado - A influência do Poder Público dentro das empresas resta notória em diversos aspectos. Ao final, contribuímos para o entendimento de como o Governo brasileiro se relaciona com as empresas, criando substrato para empresários tomarem decisões estratégicas conhecendo melhor uma das forças presentes no ambiente institucional: o Poder Público enquanto contratante, parceiro ou stakeholder. Contribuições Práticas - Concluímos com uma lista de ações práticas, elaborada a partir da pesquisa, como indicação para as empresas adotarem para melhor comportamento estratégico perante o Poder Público. Originalidade – A maior parte dos trabalhos sobre Parcerias Público-privadas toma o partícipe público como foco. Além disso, não é recorrente o estudo estratégico empresarial tomando o Poder Público como stakeholder / Objective - It is a research on the relations between the private initiative and the State, aiming, from a vision within the company, to understand the Public Power as a stakeholder for the assembly of a strategy that considers this force organizations. In order to understand how this institutional pressure works, we will study the Public Power to fit it as a stakeholder and as an active force in the Porter model, in addition to bringing a history of this interaction. Methodology - For this we selected the case of Porto Maravilha, a Public Private Partnership for redevelopment, since in it we have the relation of a concessionaire as private participant in a contract with the Public Power. In addition, there are independent ventures in the area that can also be analyzed in relation to the relationship between the public and the private sector. The study follows the qualitative method, with exploratory bias. Entrepreneurs with projects in the Porto region were interviewed, as well as the concessionaire Porto Novo and its contractor representing the Public Power. We used semi-structured interviews, where we reflected on the experiences where the State was present, identifying the role it assumed as a stakeholder of each company. Findings - The influence of the Public Power within the companies is notorious in several aspects. In the end, we contribute to the understanding of how the Brazilian Government relates to companies, creating a substrate for entrepreneurs to make strategic decisions, knowing better one of the forces present in the institutional environment: the Public Power as contractor, partner or stakeholder. Practical Implications - We conclude with a list of practical actions, elaborated from the research, as an indication for companies to adopt for better strategic behavior before the Public Power. Originality - Most of the work on Public-Private Partnerships takes public participation as the focus. In addition, the strategic business study is not recurrent taking the Public Power as stakeholder

Identifiés comme acteurs politiques, économiques, sociaux ou encore culturels ayant un rôle et une responsabilité fondamentale dans un monde caractérisé par une mondialisation technologique galopante, les médias semblent évidemment soumis au droit de la concurrence. Pourtant, cette évidence n’en constitue pas une lorsque l’on analyse profondément la question. Les médias sont-ils vraiment soumis au droit de la concurrence ? Parallèlement est-il possible de dire qu’on se dirige résolument vers un droit de la concurrence propre aux médias ? Les relations entre les médias et le droit de la concurrence ont connus plusieurs épisodes en Mauritanie. Tout d’abord, l’épisode initiale au fil duquel le rapport entre les médias et le droit de la concurrence fut fade et monotone puisque l’Etat monopolisait tous les médias. Ensuite, au cours du deuxième épisode, il y a eu une ouverture partielle et partiale des médias à la concurrence et ainsi au droit de la concurrence. Enfin, le troisième et dernier épisode est celui inauguré par l’abolition totale du monopole. Dés lors, ce travail consiste à montrer et démontrer la soumission des médias au droit de la concurrence. / Identified as a political, social, cultural or economical actor, having an esential role in the world characterized by soaring globalisation, which is in a staggering peak, media seems to be naturally submitted to the competition law. However, when the question is analysed in a precised and refined way, this obviousness is not right anymore. Are the media really submited to the competition law ? At the same time is it possible to talk about the competition law specific to medias ? Relations between media and the competition law have been faced of several incidents in Mauritania. First of all, during the first incident, the relation between two institutions, it means media and the competition law were bland and dull because of State’s monopolization of all media’s means. Then, there was a partial opening of media to competition. Eventually, the recording of media by the competition law happened during the last incident. This work consists in demonstration of media’s submission to the competition law even though the mediatic product keeps being specific.