Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T12:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10018004 bytes, checksum: dfedeed9356ffb585d99284a21230d68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T13:04:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10018004 bytes, checksum: dfedeed9356ffb585d99284a21230d68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T13:04:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10018004 bytes, checksum: dfedeed9356ffb585d99284a21230d68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / This research aims to analyze the educational management applied in the course of pedagogy at distance from UFPB and evasion rates during the period from 2007 to 2015. The UFPB offers courses in the mode at distance since 2007, and currently comprises eleven graduation courses. The distance education mode made possible the expansion of educational rooms, providing to the students access to information at any time, regardless of time and space. The focus on the management and evasion in higher education, especially in public policies of access, internalization and expansion will be supported through the stock approach funding policies geared to higher education in Brazil, especially those that benefited the EAD. Although the expansion of EAD has occurred thanks to the policies of access to higher education, dropout rates demonstrate the need to deepen about the thematic as to the causes and possible actions to be taken to ensure the permanence and conclusion of distance education. The research well developed will have a qualitative approach, using documentary research, through the analysis of census data from higher education (MEC/INEP), concerning the evasion of the students from the courses at distance from UFPB, and discussions involving the educational management in ATAS of Teaching Nucleus Course of Structuring Pedagogy of UFPB Virtual. The results highlight the need of unification of data and a better dialogue between the administrative sectors of UFPB. The course of Graduation in Pedagogy, at distance mode, needs to give more importance to the meetings of NDE records, representing both the history and the identity of the course, as source of information of the methodologic paths already travelled by previous management. The construction of educational management should encompass all subject educational process, so as participatory as dialogic, will get contribution from many areas of knowledge of Pedagogy, developing together the most appropriate methodologies to achieve improvements in the quality of education and the reduction of dropout rates / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a gestão educacional aplicada no curso de Pedagogia na modalidade a distância da UFPB e os índices de evasão no período de 2007 a 2015. A UFPB oferta cursos na modalidade a distância desde 2007, contando atualmente com onze cursos de licenciatura. A educação a distância possibilitou a ampliação dos espaços educacionais, proporcionando aos alunos o acesso à informação a qualquer momento, independente do tempo e espaço. O enfoque sobre a gestão e a evasão no ensino superior, sobretudo nas políticas públicas de acesso, interiorização e expansão, esteve alicerçado através da abordagem das ações políticas de financiamento voltadas à educação superior no Brasil, sobretudo as que beneficiaram a EAD. Muito embora a expansão da EAD tenha ocorrido graças às políticas de acesso à educação superior, os índices de evasão demonstram haver a necessidade de se aprofundar a temática quanto às causas e possíveis ações a serem tomadas para garantir a permanência e conclusão dos cursos a distância. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob uma abordagem qualitativa, com a utilização da pesquisa documental, através da análise de dados do Censo da Educação Superior (MEC/INEP), referentes à evasão dos cursos na modalidade a distância da UFPB, e dos debates envolvendo a gestão educacional presentes nas ATAS do Núcleo Docente Estruturante do Curso de Pedagogia da UFPB Virtual. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de unificação de dados e maior diálogo entre os setores administrativos da UFPB. O curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, na modalidade a distância, necessita dar mais importância ao registro das reuniões do NDE, que representam tanto a história e a identidade do curso, quanto fonte de informações dos caminhos metodológicos já percorridos pelas gestões anteriores. A construção da gestão educacional deverá englobar todos os sujeitos do processo educativo que, de forma dialógica e participativa, trarão contribuições das diversas áreas de conhecimento da Pedagogia, desenvolvendo em conjunto as metodologias mais adequadas para se alcançar a melhoria da qualidade do ensino e a redução dos índices de evasão do curso.

Nous analysons dans cette thèse le processus de structuration d'organisations politiques écologistes, le Green Party et les Verts, de manière comparative et à l'échelle régionale, sur la période 1974-1995. Nous étudions cinq dimensions de ce processus : structuration organisationnelle, évolution des clivages avec les autres formations politiques, évolutions électorales et stratégiques, parcours militants et médiatisation des écologistes. Nous mettons en évidence plusieurs processus se jouant à l'échelle régionale et locale et leur influence décisive sur l'échelle nationale (rôle moteur des fédérations régionales dans l'unification des Verts français, évolutions stratégiques locales) mais également l'impactrécurrent à l'échelle locale de dynamiques opérant à l'échelle européenne, surtout à partir de la formation d'un groupe écologiste au Parlement européen à partir de 1984. Dans les deux régions, les caractéristiques des partis Verts sont déterminées en premier lieu par la structure des clivages qui les opposent (ou apparentent) aux autres partis politiques ainsi que les parcours militants de leurs militants, deux facteurs qui donnent également lieu à de graves conflits internes. En Bretagne, les événements de mai 1968 puis un mouvement anti-nucléaire puissant contribuent à la structuration d'une famille politique consistante mais les Verts restent très fragiles sur le plan organisationnel, malgré une implantation électorale significative surtout à partir de 1989. Au Pays de Galles, le développement d'un mouvement écologiste autonome est entravée par la puissance du mouvement régionaliste et la présence au sein du parti travailliste de nombreux opposants à l'armement nucléaire, et le fait qu'une partie significative des militants du Green Party soient des nouveaux arrivants originaires d'Angleterre. Le Wales Green Party recueille de ce fait des résultats électoraux très faibles mais parvient à pérenniser son organisation et ses activités. / This thesis analyses the structuring of green political parties from a comparative perspective and at a regional (sub-national) scale, from 1974 to 1995. We study five dimensions of this process: organisational structuring, evolution of cleavages with other political parties, electoral and strategic evolutions, careers of activists, and media coverage (including a study of green media). Our research highlights several processes taking place at regional and local levels which have a decisive influence on the national scale (e. g. the crucial part played by regional federations in the unification of LesVerts in 1984 and early strategic evolutions at a local level) as well as the regional impact of dynamics developing at the European level, above all after the formation of a Green group in the European Parliament in 1984. In both regions, the Green parties are shaped first of all by the cleavages opposing (or relating) them to other parties and by the careers of their activists, two factors from which also stem serious internal conflicts. In Brittany, the impact of May 1968 followed by a successful movement against nuclear power have contributed to the transformation of the green movement into apolitical force but Les Verts have then remained very fragile as an organisation, despite significant electoral gains from 1989 onwards. In Wales, the green movement as a specific force is weakened by the strength of the regionalist movement, the opposition to nuclear weapons from many Labour Party activists and the fact that many Green Party activists in Wales are newcomers from England. The Wales Green Party thus obtains low electoral results but nevertheless succeeds in making its campaigns and activism durable.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Dayanna Pereira dos Santos - 2018.pdf: 1204991 bytes, checksum: 3e16249e3da033699ec016599fe81923 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-19 / This research investigates the process o f psychic elaboration o f what is con1monly referred to as passage from the infans to the speaker, considered, fro1n the point of view of this thesis, a structuring operation, in which there is a subjective initiurn dependent on the speech function. The analysis starts from the initial texts ofFreud and the theory ofknots at the end ofLacanian teaching in arder to deal with the subjective structuring and, thus, to penetrate the particularities o f autism. This investigative exercise brings the concepts o f drive, unary trait, lalangue, Real, Syrnbolic and Imaginary with a view to explaining that the baby's body suffers the incidence of the brand generated by maternal c are. In these conditions, in order for the infans to leave the category o f pure organism and humanize itself, it 1nust ally itself with the signifiers from the Other. Along with this question, we present the subjective structure supporied by the braiding between Real, Symbolic and Imaginary whose incidence o f lapses in its structuring is capable o f producing effects such as autism. To investigate this complex elaboration, we start with the following questions: Can the effect ofthe other1 s speech on the child's body result in drifting speech? Is it possible for the autistic child to be in language, even without the function of speech? In this context, we approach the subjective constitution under the logic of the Borromean node and the RSI braid, evidencing the synchronic structure o f the subj ective constitution and the necessity o f a fourth link for its 1nooring. Given that autistic individuais are revealing of such impasses, we have made some considerations about the understanding that node failures will only be differentiated after the repair oftheir lapses with the fourth link. Such a proposition emphasizes a non-fixation of the psychic structure in childhood. We argue, finally, that the autistic child is in language, is subject to it, even i f the signifier is erased in relation to the sign. In addition, in arder to analyze issues related to the treat1nent ofyoung children in autism, vve chose to present the Nadia case, conducted and described by Rosine Lefort. Taking into account the context of Law 13.438 I 2017, this analysis evidenced the need to search for nevv conjectures about the tiine and devices involved in both the diagnosis and treatment o f children. This is because the establishn1ent o f a closed diagnosis can have negative effects when fixing the idea o f the disease in place o f the treatment. Therefore, we reitera te that our comn1itn1ent to the psychoanalytic treatn1ent ofthe autistic child is about the extraction ofthe object as a way of access in the relation between it and the analyst, privileging the movetnent of the significant network, the causation of a double, the instauration of a body iinage and, or the forn1ulation o f an object o f substitution. / Esta pesquisa investiga o processo de elaboração psíquica do que se denonlina comun1ente como passagen1 do infans ao falante, considerada, sob o ponto de vista desta tese, uma operação de estruturação, e1n que há un1 initiun1 subjetivo dependente da função da fala. A análise parte dos textos iniciais de Freud e da teoria dos nós no final do ensino lacaniano com o intuito de tratar da estruturação subjetiva e, assin1, adentrar nas particularidades dos autismos. Esse exercício investigativo traz os conceitos de pulsão, traço unário, lalangue, Real, Simbólico e In1aginário com vistas a explicitar que o organisn1o do bebê sofre a incidência da marca gerada pelos cuidados 1naternos. Nessas condições) para que o infans saia da categoria de puro organismo e se humanize, é preciso que ele se aliene aos significantes vindos do Outro. A par dessa questão, apresentan1os a estruturação subjetiva suportada pelo trançarnento entre Real, Siinbólico e Imaginário cuja incidência de lapsos en1 sua estruturação é capaz de produzir efeitos corno os autisrnos. Para investigar essa complexa elaboração, partimos dos seguintes questionamentos: O efeito da fala do outro sobre o corpo da criança pode resultar em un1a fala à deriva? É possível a criança autista estar na linguagem, n1esmo sem a função da fala? Nesse contexto, abordan1os a constituição subjetiva sob a lógica do nó borromeano e da trança RSI, evidenciando a estrutura sincrônica da constituição subjetiva e a necessidade de um quarto elo para sua amarração. Tendo em vista que os autistas são reveladores de tais impasses, tecemos algumas considerações acerca do entendimento de que as falhas do nó apenas serão diferenciadas depois do reparo de seus lapsos com o quarto elo. Tal proposição enfatiza uma não-fixação da estrutura psíquica na infância. Defendemos, por fim, que a criança autista está na linguagem, assujeita-se a ela, mesmo que d significante seja apagado em relação ao signo. Além disso, com a finalidade de analisarmos questões vinculadas ao tratamento de crianças pequenas em vias de autismo optamos por apresentar o caso Nádia, conduzido e descrito por Rosine Lefort. Levando em consideração o contexto da Lei 13.438/2017, essa análise evidenciou a necessidade da busca por novas conjecturas acerca do tempo e dos dispositivos implicados tanto no diagnóstico quanto no tratamento das crianças. Isso porque o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico fechado pode causar efeitos negativos ao fixar a ideia da doença no lugar do tratamento. Logo, reiteratnos que nossa aposta para o tratamento psicanalítico da criança autista versa sobre a extração do objeto con1o via de acesso na relação entre ela e o analista, privilegiando o movimento da rede significante, a causação de um duplo, a instauração de uma imagem corporal e, ou a formulação de um objeto de suplência.

A limitação de dispersão de sementes tem sido empiricamente investigada como um mecanismo equalizador das diferenças competitivas entre espécies que coexistem em comunidades vegetais. Além da limitação espacial, as variações temporais da dispersão também podem ser importantes para a coexistência das espécies. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a relação entre limitação de dispersão espacial (LDe) e limitação de dispersão temporal (LDt) e as características das espécies que influenciam as duas limitações. Em uma floresta da planície costeira, a chuva de sementes foi amostrada, ao longo de 36 meses, em 40 coletores (20m2) distantes 100m entre si e da borda do fragmento. A abordagem de seleção de modelos mistos foi utilizada para testar a relação entre a limitação de dispersão e a massa média das sementes, a síndrome de dispersão, a altura máxima local e a frequência de distribuição dos indivíduos adultos. Os resultados encontrados mostram que as proporções de espécies analisadas limitadas espacial (90,3%) e temporalmente (70,9%) foram altas e a correlação entre LDe e LDT também foi alta (Spearman = 0,8). Tanto para LDe como LDt, foram selecionados a massa média das sementes, a altura máxima e a frequência de distribuição de adultos. Em geral, as relações encontradas indicam que espécies com sementes maiores, com menor altura máxima e menor frequência de distribuição dos indivíduos adultos são mais limitadas espacial e temporalmente. Apesar desses fatores terem sido selecionados, houve uma grande variação nos efeitos para as espécies analisadas. O estudo reforça o fato do mecanismo de limitação de dispersão espacial ser frequentemente encontrado em comunidades arbóreas e apresenta uma abordagem temporal para o estudo da limitação de dispersão. A redução das interações competitivas interespecíficas, decorrente das altas limitações de dispersão observadas no estudo, se contrapõe às teorias amplamente aceitas (Janzen-Connell) que indicam os mecanismos de dispersão eficientes de sementes como uma forma de minimizar a competição intraespecífica. A importância relativa dos mecanismos de dispersão e de limitação de dispersão para a manutenção da diversidade em comunidades deveria ser estudada para avaliar em quais situações ou para quais conjuntos de espécies a coexistência é mediada pela ausência das interações intraespecíficas ou interespecíficas / The seed limitation has been empirically investigated as an equalizing mechanism of the competitive differences between species that coexists in plant communities. In addition to the spatial limitation, the temporal variations of seed dispersal can also be important to the species coexistence. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between spatial seed limitation and temporal seed limitation and the species characteristics that influence both limitations. In a coastal plain forest, the seed rain was sampled over 36 months in 40 traps (20 m2), 100 m distant from each other and from the forest edges. The generalized mixed-effect models approach was used to test the relation between seed limitation and the average mass of the seeds, the dispersal syndrome, the trees local maximum height, and the adult trees distribution frequencies. The results show that the proportion of the analysed species spatial limited (90,3%) e temporal limited (70,9%) were high and the correlation between spatial seed limitation and temporal seed limitation were also high (Spearman = 0,8). To explain spatial seed limitation and temporal seed limitation were selected the average mass of seeds, the trees local maximum height and the adult trees distribution frequencies. Usually those relations indicate that species with lagger seeds, lowest maximum tree height and lowest adult trees distribution frequencies are more limited spatially and temporally. Although these factors have been selected, there was a great variation in the effects of the species analysed. The study supports the fact that the spatial seed limitation mechanism is frequently found in tree communities and shows a temporal approach to the seed limitation study. The reduction of interspecific competitive interactions, due to the high seed limitation observed in the study, is opposed to widely accepted theories (Janzen-Connell) that indicates that the efficient seed dispersal mechanism are a strategy to minimize the intraspecific competion. The relative importance of dispersal mechanisms and seed limitation on maintaning diversity in trees communities should be studied to evaluate which situations or which species sets the coexistence is mediated by the absence of intraspecific or interspecifir interactions

Esta pesquisa se dedica a questões conceituais da arte contemporânea implicadas na proposição intitulada Estruturação do Self, desenvolvida pela artista brasileira Lygia Clark entre 1978 e 1988, que se coloca num limite ambíguo entre a arte e a terapia. Por meio de perspectivas críticas é possível analisar determinados aspectos daquela experiência, seus desdobramentos, territórios e paradigmas, de modo a compreender melhor suas contribuições ao pensamento artístico contemporâneo. Esses aspectos dizem respeito à recepção estética da obra e sua relação com determinados públicos da arte; às maneiras de pensar e fazer arte; ao seu tempo; às possíveis aproximações com outros campos de conhecimento, tais como filosofia e psicologia; aos lugares em que a arte se apresenta (museu, galeria, ateliê, clínica); às questões éticas e políticas que movimenta; à produção crítica. Em suma, trata-se de perceber o que há de contemporâneo no trabalho de Lygia Clark e de revisitar o próprio pensamento artístico a partir dele. / This research engages in conceptual issues of contemporary art implicated in the entitled proposition Structuring of the Self, developed by the Brazilian artist Lygia Clark between 1978 and 1988, which puts itself in an ambiguous boundary between art and therapy. Through critical perspectives it is possible to analyze certain aspects of that experience, its development, territories and paradigms in order to better understand its contributions to the contemporary artistic thought. These aspects concern to the aesthetic reception of the work and its relation to a certain public of art; to the ways of thinking and doing art; to its own time; to the possible approaches with other areas of knowledge, such as philosophy and psychology; to the places where the art is presented (museum, gallery, atelier, clinic); to its ethical issues and policies; to the critical production. In short, it is about realizing what is of contemporary in the Lygia Clark\'s work and, from it, to review the artistic thought itself.

A tese discute o significado da produção de Habitação de Interesse Social na constituição do espaço urbano e metropolitano da região de Campinas. Parte do pressuposto de que a determinação de implantação das Habitações de Interesse Social em determinadas áreas das cidades por meio das políticas públicas é fundamental na estruturação urbana e metropolitana. A compreensão do quadro da expansão urbana através da produção e localização das Habitações de Interesse Social permite avaliar a importância das políticas habitacionais na constituição do desenho urbano e metropolitano. A partir de dados de fonte primária da produção de HIS nos vinte municípios da Região Metropolitana de Campinas, assim como de seus planos diretores, legislações referentes à habitação e do estudo da bibliografia pertinente, desenvolve-se análise de como essas políticas públicas se manifestaram no espaço físico da cidade, quais foram as lógicas da ocupação territorial e as relações entre as políticas habitacionais e a expansão metropolitana do território. O trabalho abrange o período que se estende de 1964, ano de criação do Banco Nacional de Habitação (BNH), até 2014, momento em que as implantações decorrentes do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, Lei Federal nº 11.977 de 2009, já são visíveis e perceptíveis. A pouca consideração, pelos diferentes municípios, da condição metropolitana, dos fluxos, dos processos de uso, ocupação e localização no território, resulta na elaboração de políticas públicas que, além de desarticuladas entre si e desconectadas enquanto territórios, não correspondem às realidades urbanas e metropolitanas da região de Campinas. Assim, ressalta-se o quanto as políticas habitacionais deixam de atender às questões colocadas pelo território e o quanto poderiam ser potencializadoras de uma melhor forma de expansão urbana do mosaico de municípios que compõem a RMC. / The thesis discusses the significance of the production of Housing of Social Interest in the Urban and metropolitan space of the Campinas region. It assumes that the Determination of the implementation of Social Interest Housing in certain areas of the Cities through public policies is fundamental in the urban structuring and Metropolitan Understanding the picture of urban expansion through production and Social Interest Rooms allows us to assess the importance of In the constitution of urban and metropolitan design. From source data Primary production of HIS in the twenty municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, As well as its master plans, housing legislation and the study of Relevant bibliography, an analysis is developed of how these public policies Manifested in the physical space of the city, what were the logics of territorial occupation and Relations between housing policies and the metropolitan expansion of the territory. The work Covers the period extending from 1964, year of creation of the National Housing Bank (BNH), until 2014, at which time the implantations resulting from the Minha Casa Program My Life, Federal Law No. 11,977 of 2009, are already visible and noticeable. A little The different municipalities, of the metropolitan condition, of the flows, of the Processes of use, occupation and location in the territory, results in the elaboration of policies Which, in addition to being disarticulated between themselves and disconnected as territories, Correspond to the urban and metropolitan realities of the Campinas region. Like this, Housing policies fail to address the issues raised by Territory and how much could be leveraged for a better Of the mosaic of municipalities that make up the MRC.

Syftet med detta självständiga arbete är att se hur fyra lärare anser sig arbeta med digitala verktyg i praktiken, samt deras åsikter kring dessa. Vi tolkade och bearbetade data genom att använda oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer, samt ramverket Structuring Features of Classroom Practice. Ramverket delar in data i fem kategorier, som sedan tolkas till ett resultat. Resultaten visar att lärarna anser sig arbeta med digitala verktyg på olika sätt, alla berättade att de använder verktygen som presentationsverktyg och för att få en varierad undervisning. Lärarna framförde att de ser digitala verktyg på ett positivt sätt, men uttryckte också att verktygen har brister. Våra slutsatser i arbetet är att (1) lärarna anser att deras arbete blivit mer effektivt med digitala verktyg. (2) lärarna anser att det är enklare att anpassa, individualisera och hitta mer uppgifter med digitala verktyg. En av de brister samtliga lärare påtalade, var att de inte har tillräckligt antal av de digitala verktygen. Lärarna tar dock även upp brist på hårdvara som ett problem. Bristen på hårdvara gör att det blir svårare att använda de digitala verktygen och gör att arbetet inte är lika flexibelt och anpassningsbart.

La thèse propose d’abord un cadre général pour l’analyse de l’incertain durant les différentes phases du processus de planification énergétique à long terme à base de modèles de villes ou territoires (IEPCT). Il inclut des critères d’évaluation de la qualité d’une démarche IEPCT. Puis deux méthodes d’analyses de l’incertain sont proposées pour les activités de modélisation et de scénarisation du système énergétique : l’une basée sur l’échantillonnage aléatoire (PRSUA) et l’autre sur les scénarios flous (FSUA). Leur implémentation sur des cas a permis de montrer leur faisabilité et leur performance du point de vue des critères de qualité. La méthode PRSUA est plus gourmande en données, elle est plus adaptée à la planification sectorielle court moyen terme et tandis que FSUA convient plus à la planification long terme intersectorielle.Enfin une méthode pour la réalisation de l’ensemble des activités liées à la structuration d’un problème de planification spécifique (IMMA) est proposée. / The Phd first proposes a methodological framework for addressing different types of uncertainty within long range ntegrated energy planning for cities and territories (IEPCT) processes which includes requirements and quality factors. Second, two methods for uncertainty analysis of modelling tasks are proposed. One approach is probabilistic random sampling approach (PRSUA) another one is fuzzy scenario approach (FSUA). Compared to FSUA, the PRSUA framework is more data intensive. PRSUA is more suitable for short or midterm sector specific domain analysis, FSUA is more appropriate for long range cross sectoral integrated planning.Third it is proposed an innovative approach (IMMA) for supporting not only uncertainties in IEPCT first phase but also all other tasks relevant to this planning phase. Implementation of IMMA in Singapore shows that it can address all identified tasks and help developing requirements for innovative solutions.

Dans cette thèse, on aborde le problème de structuration des programmes télévisés de manière non supervisée à partir du point de vue de l'inférence grammaticale, focalisant sur la découverte de la structure des programmes récurrents à partir une collection homogène. On vise à découvrir les éléments structuraux qui sont pertinents à la structure du programme, et à l’inférence grammaticale de la structure des programmes. Des expérimentations montrent que l'inférence grammaticale permet de utiliser minimum des connaissances de domaine a priori pour atteindre la découverte de la structure des programmes. / TV program structuring raises as a major theme in last decade for the task of high quality indexing. In this thesis, we address the problem of unsupervised TV program structuring from the point of view of grammatical inference, i.e., discovering a common structural model shared by a collection of episodes of a recurrent program. Using grammatical inference makes it possible to rely on only minimal domain knowledge. In particular, we assume no prior knowledge on the structural elements that might be present in a recurrent program and very limited knowledge on the program type, e.g., to name structural elements, apart from the recurrence. With this assumption, we propose an unsupervised framework operating in two stages. The first stage aims at determining the structural elements that are relevant to the structure of a program. We address this issue making use of the property of element repetitiveness in recurrent programs, leveraging temporal density analysis to filter out irrelevant events and determine valid elements. Having discovered structural elements, the second stage is to infer a grammar of the program. We explore two inference techniques based either on multiple sequence alignment or on uniform resampling. A model of the structure is derived from the grammars and used to predict the structure of new episodes. Evaluations are performed on a selection of four different types of recurrent programs. Focusing on structural element determination, we analyze the effect on the number of determined structural elements, fixing the threshold applied on the density function as well as the size of collection of episodes. For structural grammar inference, we discuss the quality of the grammars obtained and show that they accurately reflect the structure of the program. We also demonstrate that the models obtained by grammatical inference can accurately predict the structure of unseen episodes, conducting a quantitative and comparative evaluation of the two methods by segmenting the new episodes into their structural components. Finally, considering the limitations of our work, we discuss a number of open issues in structure discovery and propose three new research directions to address in future work.

The purpose of this study is to trace and describe the form, origin and history of the praise poem ‘Ba Masemola’. This praise poem was included in the volume Seriti sa Thabantsho (1956). In that period, E. M. Ramaila collected and transcribed traditional praise poems of different groups, such as the Bapedi, the Batau, the Mapulana, and others. During his collection, Ramaila urged these groups not to forget their descent and history, and pointed out that these particulars were all brought together in their praise poems. Of the clans that are represented by their praise poems in this volume, only the Batau are discussed in this study. The Batau is a large group that is in its turn divided into five smaller groups, namely the Mphanama, Masemola, Nchabeleng, Makobe and Bakgaditsi groups. From among these smaller units the ‘Ba Masemola’ are selected for closer examination. Among the praise poems about the ‘Ba Masemola’ different kings are praised, for instance Mokwene, Tseke, Mabowe, and others. Not all these poems will be scrutinised, though occasional reference will be made to them. The most important concepts that are discussed in this study are the following: the praise poem, the narrative poem (poem with epic characteristics) and the epic. These genres share certain characteristics, yet also differ from each other. With regards to the content of the poem, several important characters are praised. The foremost figures that are mentioned here are the praise poet, the praised one and the ‘audience’. Their conduct differentiate them from characters found in (other) narratives works. The actions that are described can be divided into two groups, namely those that operate autonomously from other actions, and those that link with other actions. Nevertheless, all these happenings belong to the past. The milieu in this praise poem largely corresponds to that found in the narrative works, mainly because in the traditional settings, the praise poem is a declamatory piece that has several characteristics in common with the stage performance. In the description of the structural composition of this praise poem, a distinction will be made between the poem as literary work and the poem as verse. In the first case the theme, title and structure of the poem will be examined. The description of the structure of ‘Ba Masemola’ entails the different techniques Ramaila employs to carry across his ‘message’ and elucidates his point of view. In the examination of the verse composition, the first emphasis is on metrical principles that govern form, i.e correspondence and co-ordination, and the way in which Ramaila used them is then illuminated. In the stylistic finish of the poem there is a noticeable emotional charge. This can be mentioned as an important quality of the poem, and brings to the fore the bravery and fearlessness of the clan of GaMasemola. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / African Languages / unrestricted