L’interface organisationnelle demeure un objet peu étudié. La recherche se propose de l’explorer et d’en comprendre les dynamiques.La première partie explicite les fondements de la recherche. Après avoir défini l’interface, elle fait apparaître que l’instabilité des interfaces résulte de déséquilibres dans les processus d’intégration-différenciation. Pour mesurer ces phénomènes, la méthodologie fait appel à deux méthodes : l’élaboration et l’analyse d’une base de verbatim, et une recherche-intervention.La deuxième partie est consacrée aux déterminants de l’objet. Elle précise les propriétés et les activités de l’interface, et en propose une modélisation. Une analyse croisée de 14 interfaces est ensuite exposée ; trois déterminants de la régulation à l’interface sont identifiés : le degré d’incertitude, la fréquence des interactions et la répartition du pouvoir. Sur ces bases, une typologie des interfaces est proposée : stratégiques, politiques, de coordination, et sociales.La troisième partie approfondit la recherche par l’observation in vivo et la transformation des interfaces. Elle met en évidence leurs coûts de fonctionnement, le rôle fondamental de leur finalisation, et montre que les processus d’intégration et de différenciation posent la question de leur qualité, en plus de celle de leur intensité. L’hypothèse selon laquelle le pilotage des interfaces organisationnelles améliore l’équilibration de l’intégration-différenciation est discutée puis expérimentée. À partir des premiers résultats d’expérimentation, la recherche identifie des leviers de pilotage des interfaces et formule des implications managériales. / The organizational interface remains a little studied object. The research suggests investigating it and understanding the dynamics.The first part clarifies the foundations of the research. Having defined the interface, il creates that the instability of the interfaces results from imbalance in the processes of integration-differentiation. To measure these phenomena, the methodology appeals to two methods: the elaboration and the analysis of a base of verbatim, and a research-intervention.The second part is dedicated to the determiners of the object. She specifies the properties and the activities of the interface, and proposes a modelling. A crossed analysis of 14 interfaces is then explained; three determiners of the regulation in the interface are identified: the degree of uncertainty, the frequency of the interactions and the distribution of the power. On these bases, a typology of the interfaces is proposed: strategic, political, of coordination, and social.The third part deepens the research by the in vivo observation and the transformation of the interfaces. It brings to light their costs of functioning, the fundamental role of their finalization, and shows that the processes of integration and differentiation ask the question of their quality, besides that of their intensity. The hypothesis according to which the piloting of the organizational interfaces improves the équilibration of the integration-differentiation is discussed then experimented. From the first results of experiment, the research identifies levers of piloting of the interfaces and formula of the managerial implications.

Walton and McKersie (1965) defined relationship patterns as those shared attitudes that are important to negotiators when they are interacting together. In the case of the 2004 Japanese Professional Baseball collective bargaining negotiations, Dabscheck (2006) discussed the major issues and events that led to the two (2) day labor strike. However, his article did not describe how the relationship pattern between the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and the Japanese Professional Baseball Players Association (JPBPA) changed to facilitate the settlement of the conflict. Along the same vein, researchers (Adair, Brett, & Okumura, 2001; Adair & Brett, 2005; Deck, Farmer, & Zeng, 2009; and Doucet, Jehn, Weldon, & Wang, 2009; Drake, 1995; Neu, 1988; and McDaniel, 2000) attempted to show a link between negotiator behavior from cultural and communication perspectives, however, there was little empirical attention paid to the psychological process, such as thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and attitudes, and its link to negotiator behavior leaving a gap in the existing scholarly literature. To address the gap in Dabscheck's (2006) article and the existing scholarly literature, I utilized Yin's (2009) Case Study Research Approach to qualitative inquiry by analyzing document reviews and engaging collaboratively with research participants through focused interviews to investigate how the relationship pattern in the 2004 Japanese Professional Baseball collective bargaining negotiations changed from the beginning to the end of the conflict if at all. I found that the NPB and the JPBPA institutional pattern of relationship at the start of the conflict began with a containment-aggression relationship pattern, and over four (4) months, the pattern of relationship did change from containment-aggression to cooperation. Upon further investigation, I found that the NPB and the JPBPA negotiators operated initially in the distributive bargaining sub-process utilizing reinforcement tactics, but over the course of four (4) months, they began to operate in the integrative bargaining sub-process with the utilization of cognitive balance tactics even though the NPB and the JPBPA negotiators never abandoned operating in the distributive bargaining sub-process. In essence, they operated in hybrid distributive and integrative sub-processes at the same time. Moreover, I discovered that the NPB and the JPBPA moved from containment-aggression to cooperation not only because of a change in the NPB's lead negotiator position, but also because of a shared emotional moment between the NPB and the JPBPA negotiators, which initiated a shift away from stalemate. Although environmental factors, such as the media, fans, politicians, and other unions, over the course of four (4) months did not waiver in their support for the resolution of the conflict, the evidence did not directly demonstrate the way that their support and their influence manifested in the collective bargaining negotiations.

[pt] Uma preocupação constante referente às operações de reinício de escoamento em poços produtores de óleo é a previsibilidade da mínima pressão necessária para iniciar o fluxo após uma parada de produção. Tal pressão se refere àquela que promove tensões de cisalhamento junto à parede do duto que superam o valor da tensão limite de escoamento do referido fluido. A necessidade de desenvolvimento de diferentes tipos de campos de petróleo ao redor do mundo tem promovido discussões sobre importantes aspectos de garantia de escoamento dos fluidos, especialmente em cenários de produção em águas ultra-profundas. Nesses casos, quando o fluido apresenta valores elevados para a temperatura mínima de aparecimento de cristais (TIAC) ou ainda para a tensão limite de escoamento, o procedimento de repartida de poço após uma parada de produção pode representar um problema. Em geral, os modelos tixotrópicos utilizados na avaliação de reinício do escoamento são definidos por uma equação constitutiva baseada no modelo de Bingham, na qual a tensão de cisalhamento depende do grau de estruturação do fluido no interior do duto, representado por um parâmetro adimensional positivo (lambda). A evolução deste parâmetro no tempo é governada por uma equação constitutiva que considera um termo de construção e um termo de quebra do gel. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo avaliar o comportamento do reinício da produção através da variação destes parâmetros/termos segundo modelos tixotrópicos específicos (Houska e SMT) e a representatividade dos resultados de simulação quando comparados aos dados experimentais. / [en] The main concern regarding to the restart operations for production wells in oil and gas systems is the forecast of minimum pressure needed to overcome the gel strength, i.e. the pressure which generates a wall stress higher than the yield stress of the gelled oil. The petroleum accumulations around the world have raised big issues regarding flow assurance aspects, especially in some ultra-deep water scenarios. In these cases, when the oil presents unusual high values for the Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT) and even for the yield stress, the flow restart procedure can be an issue, after shutdown times of the oil production. Usually, the thixotropic models applied for start-up flow are defined by a Bingham-like stress equation whose yield stress depends on a structure parameter (lambda), following Houska assumptions. This parameter is a non-negative scalar number that represents the structuring level of the material inside the pipeline. The structure parameter is governed by an evolution equation that considers a build-up term and a breakdown term. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the relationship between the parameters of the constitutive equations for Houska and SMT models (dimensionless coefficients of the evolution equations for the structure parameter) and the representativeness of the simulation results obtained by these models, regarding times for the production stabilization after a restart, delay times and yield stresses, when compared to experimental data.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une sociolinguistique interpersonnelle et s'intéresse à la construction dynamique de la personne, à travers les symbolisations verbales qu'elle produit, dans un milieu pluriculturel et plurilingue. Elle se situe à la croisée d'une science des sujets, encore à construire, et d'une socio-pragmatique, sans refuser d'emprunter à la psychologie sociale ses concepts les plus utiles. S'il nous fallait définir de manière plus précise le cadre épistémologique qui est le nôtre, nous dirions qu'il s'apparente à une sociolinguistique du conflit structurant dans les relations interpersonnelles des sujets. La parole construit l'individu ou, plutôt pourrait-on dire, que la personne se construit par la parole et dans l'altérité. Ainsi mêlons-nous ici la linguistique pragmatique à toutes les disciplines qui se sont intéressées à la construction identitaire. Par cet apport transdisciplinaire nous mettons en évidence la complexité d'une thématique incluant un sujet, lui-même complexe et indivisible intégrant la langue et la personne. Nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement à l'usage des langues dans une situation de conflit structurant (avec l'autre, avec soi) et à celui de la médiation langagière dans ce milieu tensionnel de la personne face à un autrui déstabilisant. Notre outil privilégié dans le cadre de cette recherche se trouve être l'analyse textuelle (textes issus de la transcription d'entretiens) dont nous redéfinissons les contours et pour laquelle nous proposons un outil de compréhension. Ce travail est fait d'un va et vient constant entre théorie et pratique. Nous pensons, en effet, que ces deux mouvements s'enrichissent mutuellement. Si la connaissance de notre objet est un des objectifs de notre thèse, nous visons aussi à élaborer et tester des outils épistémologiques, méthodologiques, transférables dans d'autres situations. Nous souhaitons ainsi montrer dans cette recherche que la personne se construit de manière dynamique dans l'entre-deux du dire et de l'action, au hasard des rencontres et des identifications partielles. Ce qui fait d'elle un être toujours singulier pris dans les affects, les représentations, dans des discours aux significations multiples qui la fondent symboliquement. / This thesis explores, within an interpersonal socio-linguistics framework, the dynamic construction of a person, through the verbal symbols produced in a multicultural and multilingual environment. It is at the meeting point of a science of subjectivity, yet to be developed, and socio-pragmatics, borrowing also from social psychology’s most useful concepts. Our epistemological framework is related to a socio-linguistics of structuring conflicts in interpersonal relations since words shape individuals, or, rather, a person is built through words and within otherness. Ours is a combination of pragmatic linguistics and all the disciplines interested in the construction of identity. Through this trans-disciplinary approach, our research shows the complexity of an individual, complex and indivisible, integrating language and person. Our specific focus is on the usage of languages in situations of structuring conflicts (with others and the self) and on language mediation in stressful situations where a person is facing destabilising others. Textual analysis (of texts issued from transcriptions of interviews) is our main scientific device, adapted for this research and for which some new comprehension tools are suggested, in a constant back and forth movement between theory and practice as the two points of view are mutually enriching. If investigating our hypotheses is one of the objectives of our work, we aim also at developing and testing epistemological and methodological tools transferable to other situations. This research thus is an attempt to understand how a person is built dynamically between speech and action, random encounters and partial identifications. That makes an individual a unique being, with affects, representations and speeches with multiple interpretations which root him or her symbolically and socially.

Cette thèse porte sur l’aide à la décision dans un contexte décisionnel très complexe. Classiquement, pour résoudre de telles situations, on utilise des méthodes de structuration de problèmes. Cependant ces méthodes bien qu’appliquées dans le cadre multi acteur ou dans les décisions de groupe, n’aboutissent pas toujours à des résultats directement exploitables dans un modèle d’évaluation. Ou, lorsque c’est le cas, les données obtenues par structuration sont utilisées comme si elles provenaient d’un seul décideur, tendant à réduire par conséquent l'efficacité de la décision prise et son adhésion publique. Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes attelés à concevoir un modèle d’intégration d’outils conciliant le choix approprié d’outils de structuration pour les décisions de groupe et son exploitation efficace dans un modèle d’évaluation multicritère. En particulier nous nous sommes focalisés sur les modalités du passage des cartes cognitives aux arbres de valeurs. Ensuite nous avons appliqué notre démarche sur le cas pratique du projet ’’AIde à la Décision pour l'identification et l'accompagnement aux transformations sociétales induites par les nouvelles technologies de l'Hydrogène’’ (AIDHY). Enfin, la dernière partie de notre thèse est axée sur l’apport d’une modélisation multicritère pour appréhender formellement le problème d’évaluation des scénarios, formulé comme un problème de tri multicritère. Par conséquent, nous avons construit une méthode permettant d’observer et de paramétrer le comportement des invariants d’une acceptabilité sociale en général, par le biais d’une d’analyse de sensibilité à partir du cas de l’hydrogène énergie. / This thesis focuses on decision support in a very complex decision-making context. Typically, to solve such situations, methods of problem structuring are used. However, these methods although applied in the multi-stakeholder framework or group decisions do not always lead to results directly used in a valuation model. Even when this is the case, the data obtained by problem structuring are used as if they came from a single decision maker, thus tending to reduce the effectiveness of the decision and its popular support. In this thesis we attempted to develop a model that incorporates tools that reconcile the appropriate choice of tools for structuring group decision choice and its effective operation in a model of multi-criteria evaluation. In particular, we focused on how processing cognitive maps into value trees. Then we have applied our approach to the practical case of the ‘‘AIDHY” project. Finally, the last part of the thesis is focused on providing a multi-criteria modeling to formally approach the problem of evaluating scenarios, formulated as a multi-criteria sorting problem. Therefore, we constructed a method to observe and configure the behavior of invariants of social acceptability in general, through a sensitivity analysis based on the case of hydrogen energy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloisa ModoloCR2006.pdf: 1453424 bytes, checksum: 3db3ef928fa493d3a93f999f6dd15c58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-17 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The objective of this project was to study religious deliriums and investigate how they could exert a structural psychic function to the individual and collective psyche. With the theoretical fundaments of the Analytical Psychology by Carl Gustav Jung, the religious movement known as Mucker is brought back into consideration. This was a curious episode, considered to be the only non-Pentecostal, protestant, milleniumistic messianic surge in Brazil, which happened in a very defined ethnic group, German immigrants. Furthermore, it was led by a woman, Jacobina Mentz Maurer. This historical fact occurred between 1873-1874, in the German colony of São Leopoldo, currently the city of Sapiranga, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and it ended tragically with the death of almost all of its members by the Imperial Army Battalion. We find indicators that Jacobina's religious deliriums allowed her and the Mucker group to form a method of psychic structuring in the midst of social, cultural and religious chaos, in which those colonial immigrants lived. / Este projeto teve como objetivo estudar os delírios religiosos e investigar como poderiam exercer uma função psíquica estruturante, tanto para a psique individual, quanto para a coletiva. De posse dos fundamentos teóricos da Psicologia Analítica de Carl Gustav Jung, realizamos a releitura de um movimento religioso conhecido como Mucker. Esse foi um curioso episódio considerado como o único surto messiânico-milenarista protestante não pentecostal no Brasil e aconteceu num grupo étnico bem definido, isto é, de imigrantes alemães. Além disso, foi liderado por uma mulher, Jacobina Mentz Maurer. Este fato histórico ocorreu entre 1873-1874, no Rio Grande do Sul, na Colônia Alemã de São Leopoldo, na atual cidade de Sapiranga, e teve final trágico, pois quase todos os seus participantes foram mortos pelo Batalhão do Exército Imperial. Encontramos indicadores de que os delírios religiosos de Jacobina possibilitaram a ela e ao grupo Mucker um meio de estruturação psíquica frente a uma situação de caos social, cultural e religioso em que viviam aqueles colonos imigrantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alberto Correa.pdf: 285166 bytes, checksum: 6c95b863e33ae80f833a7adf88600182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-26 / Research the potential utilization of tools for problem structuring like a mean to help the information needs definition associated to an intentional action. The purpose is use them in seeking and retrieval actions. Firstly are seen the theoretical basis of information seeking and retrieval. In pursuing are examined the basis relationed to the study, perception, identification and structuring problems. Later is analised, under a theoretical-conceptual point of view, the use of one problem structuring tool like an assistant to information needs definition. / Pesquisa o potencial de utiliza??o de ferramentas para estrutura??o de problemas como um meio de auxiliar a defini??o das necessidades de informa??o associadas a uma a??o intencional. O objetivo ? us?-las nas a??es de busca e recupera??o de informa??o. Primeiramente s?o vistos os fundamentos te?ricos da busca e recupera??o de informa??o. Em seguida s?o discutidos os fundamentos relacionados ao estudo, percep??o, identifica??o e estrutura??o de problemas. Posteriormente ? analisado, sob um ponto de vista te?ricoconceitual, o uso de uma ferramenta para estrutura??o de problemas como um auxiliar para defini??o das necessidades de informa??o.

Les premières études recensées ayant traité de la co-délinquance ont plus de cent ans. Comme il s’agit d’un sujet qui a de l’histoire, il y a eu une grande évolution dans la façon d’aborder la question et dans les méthodologies employées. Mais, ce n’est que depuis quelques années que la co-délinquance est étudiée par l’entremise de données d’arrestations policières et c’est ce type de données qui sera utilisé pour répondre à l’objectif principal, celui-ci étant la détermination des conditions expliquant le recours ou non à la co-délinquance pour commettre une infraction criminelle. De plus, pour répondre à notre objectif de recherche, nous avons opté pour une théorie structurante du crime, approche qui n’avait jamais été utilisé auparavant dans les études sur la co-délinquance. Comme méthodologie, nous avons utilisé un échantillon composé de 9 103 participations criminelles, de 8 243 événements distincts et de 3 356 individus et plusieurs prédicteurs ont été analysés afin de déterminer lesquels expliquent le mieux la co-délinquance. L’âge, le genre, les antécédents criminels, l’urbanité et le type de crimes sont toutes des variables qui ont été considérées. L’urbanité représente une nouveauté dans ce type de recherche, puisque nous avons recensé que très peu d’études ayant abordées la question. Alors, que pour le type de crime, nous l’avons détaillé, comme aucune étude sur la co-délinquance ne l’a fait auparavant (23 catégories d’infractions). Ce détail nous permet donc de bien cibler l’impact de chaque délit sur le recours à la co-délinquance. Le résultat émergeant des analyses de régression logistique est que le recours à la co-délinquance s’explique principalement par le type de crime commis, certains actes criminels sont plus propices à la co-délinquance que d’autres. Nous constatons également que les autres variables analysées ont très peu ou pas d’impact sur le recours à la co-délinquance, que ce soit l’âge, le genre, les antécédents criminels ou même l’urbanité. / First studies related to co-offending are more than a century old. Since this subject has greatly evolved during this time, the approach and the methodology used have been developed to follow the subject’s progression. But it is only in recent years that co-offending is studied through police arrest data and it is this type of data that will be used to meet the main objective which aims to be to determine conditions explaining the use or not to co-delinquency for committing a criminal offense. In addition, to meet our research objective, we opted for structuring a theory of the crime, an approach that had never been used before in studies of co-offending. As a methodology, we used a sample of 9 103 criminal participations, 8 243 separate events and 3 356 individuals and several predictors were analyzed to determine which best explain the co-offending. Age, gender, criminal history, urbanity and type of crimes are all variables that were considered. Urbanity is a novelty in this research, since we identified very few studies have addressed the issue. For the type of crime, we have detailed this variable as no studies on co-offending have done previously (23 categories of offenses). This detail allows us to identify the impact of each offense on the use of co-offending. The results obtained from the logistic regression analyze show that the use of co-offending is mainly due to the crime’s type; some crimes are more propitious to co-offending than others. We also find that other variables analyzed (age, gender, criminal history and urbanity) have little or no impact on the use of co-offending.

No description available.

Le développement des technologies optiques dans le domaine de la communication engendre un intérêt pour les matériaux présentant des propriétés non linéaires. Le matériau idéal doit combiner un coefficient non linéaire élevé, de bonnes propriétés optiques et un faible coût de fabrication. Les matériaux vitreux restent de bons candidats pour ce type d’application. La polarisation thermique permet de générer ce genre de propriétés dans les verres. En effet, à des températures de l’ordre de 300°C, l’application d’un champ électrique provoque la migration d’ions mobiles dans le matériau depuis l’anode vers la cathode. Une zone de déplétion en surface est ainsi créée donnant naissance à un champ électrique enterré. En combinant une technique de dépôt métallique, une irradiation laser et l’application d’un champ électrique (poling), il devient possible de réaliser des architectures complexes de migration et d’obtenir ainsi des propriétés optiques non linéaires structurées. / Optical technologies development for communication has triggered a real interest about materials with nonlinear properties. The ideal material should combine a high nonlinear coefficient, good optical properties and a low production cost. Glasses remain very good materials for this kind of applications.Thermal poling is now well known for breaking glasses natural centro-symmetry and inducing second order nonlinearities. Indeed, at temperatures close to 300°C, the application of an electric field induces mobile ions migration from the anode to the cathode.In that case, the space charge created during the poling process generates an efficient macroscopic electrostatic field trapped under the anodic surface of the glass.The combination of silver deposition, femtosecond laser irradiation and thermal poling has been successfully used to realize a complex architecture of ionic migration leading to structuring of second order nonlinear properties at the microscopic scale.