O cenário de negócios atual se caracteriza pela competição feroz em mercados globais, pela introdução de produtos com ciclos de vida cada vez mais curtos e por uma expectativa elevada por parte dos clientes e consumidores. Estas demandas vêm forçando as empresas a investirem seu foco e atenção em suas cadeias de suprimentos. Para reduzir custos e melhorar os níveis de serviço, as estratégias de fornecimento, de manufatura e de distribuição de produtos são elaboradas levando em consideração os vários elos e interações existentes na cadeia de suprimentos. As grandes empresas multinacionais manufatureiras do setor de bens de consumo não-duráveis entenderam rapidamente esta mensagem e alavancadas por suas escalas globais, passaram a tratar a gestão estratégica dos custos de matérias-primas como importante vantagem competitiva, utilizando seu imenso poder de negociação junto à sua base de fornecedores para obter descontos significativos na compra de grandes volumes de matérias-primas, reduzindo o número de fornecedores, através de processos de seleção estratégicas. Com altos volumes de produção (milhões de unidades por mês) e baixo preço unitário de venda, estas multinacionais (como Nestle, P&G, Unilever, e L.Oreal) se consolidaram como a parte mais forte de suas cadeias de suprimentos, através de seu poder de barganha sobre uma base dispersa de fornecedores e usando o poder de suas marcas sobre um comércio fragmentado e em bases locais. A internacionalização do varejo e o crescimento do poder de compra dos clientes (como Wal Mart, Carrefour e Tesco) trouxeram à tona um novo cenário, no qual existe uma disputa estratégica pela liderança da cadeia global de valor, entre varejistas poderosos, uma nova e concentrada base de fornecedores e as empresas manufatureiras de bens de consumo não-duráveis. A governança nestas cadeias globais de valor torna-se um tema para ser entendido e gerenciado. A importância da liderança nestas cadeias está relacionada às definições dos parâmetros chave que caracterizarão os processos da cadeia produtiva: o que e onde produzir, quanto e quando produzir e a que preço. Gereffi et al. desenvolveram um framework para explicar os padrões de governança em cadeias globais de valor, considerando que existe uma variedade de relações de governança que vão desde relações de mercado até operações integradas verticalmente. Foram definidas variáveischave que estabelecem o tipo de governança em uma dada cadeia global: complexidade de transações, habilidade de codificar as transações e competências da base fornecedora. Esta pesquisa propõe um processo para quantificar estas três variáveis-chave, através de oito dimensões operacionais e uma série de KPIs mensuráveis (indicadores chave de performance) a fim de suportar o completo entendimento e a análise do tipo de governança em uma cadeia global de valor, complementando o trabalho de Gereffi et al., com base em um estudo de caso no setor de higiene e limpeza doméstica no Brasil. Esta pesquisa também avalia como as empresas de bens de consumo não.duráveis selecionam e segmentam sua base de fornecedores, e se as ferramentas utilizadas atualmente ainda são validas neste novo ambiente de disputa pela governança. / The current business environment presents a strong competition in global markets, with cost pressures, focus on new products development with shorter lifetimes than ever and a high customer and clients expectations to have their needs and requirements satisfied. The big fast moving consumer goods companies have already understood these messages, and leveraged by their global scales, started to manage their raw and packaging materials costs in a more strategic and competitive way, using their bargain power over the supplier base to get significant cost savings through big volumes discounts concentrating their supplier base, with the reduction of the number of suppliers by the implementation of strategic sourcing tools. With high production volumes (million of units per month) and low unit price, the multinationals (as Nestle, P&G, Unilever, and L.Oreal) were the strongest part of their supply chains, through their purchase bargain power over the still not concentrated supplier base and using their powerful brands over a fragmented and local trade base. The internationalisation of trade and the growing of clients bargain power (as Wal Mart, Carrefour and Tesco) brought a new scenario, starting a strategic fight to have the leadership of the global value chain, among a powerful trade, a new concentrated supplier base and the manufacturing package consumer goods companies. Governance of these new global chains became than an issue to be understood and managed. The importance of the leadership in the global value chain is related to the definition of the key parameters that will characterise the chain productive process: what to produce, where to produce, how much to produce, when to produce and with what price. Gereffi et al. have developed a theoretical framework to explain governance patterns in global value chain, considering that there is a variety of governance relationships in the global chains, from arm.s length to vertical integrated operations. Key variables were defined to establish the type of governance in a given global chain: complexity of transactions, ability to codify transactions and capabilities in the supplier base. This research proposes a process to quantify these three key variables, presenting eight operational dimensions and a series of measurable KPIs (key performance indicators) in order to support the fully understanding and the analysis of the governance type in a global value chain, building on the framework defined by Gereffi et al., based on a case study in the household care business in Brazil. The second outcome of this research evaluates how fast moving consumer goods companies select and segment their supplier base, and if the current tools used are still valid in this new governance environment.

A seleção de fornecedores é um problema complexo e que vem ganhando importância estratégica nas organizações, principalmente devido à inclusão de diversos atributos que podem ser especificados de acordo com as necessidades da situação, pois o fator custo não é mais o único responsável pela decisão. A relevância da sustentabilidade, em termos econômicos, ambientais e sociais, traz ao tema ainda mais atributos que devem ser mapeados como parte da decisão. Neste trabalho é proposta uma abordagem baseada em otimização combinatória (programação linear inteira) aliada à análise de valor multicriterial que estabelece prioridades e compensações entre os atributos definidos, para seleção de fornecedores de um conjunto de embalagens de cosméticos para uma nova linha de produtos. A solução encontrada é comparada aos métodos de otimização tradicionais (monocriteriais) e à otimização multicriterial sem leilão combinatório. Também são realizadas análises de sensibilidade com o modelo, permitindo que sejam feitas validações de forma a justificar a decisão. / Supplier selection is a complex issue that has gained strategic importance in organizations, mainly due to the consideration of several criteria that can be specified according to the situation, since cost is no longer solely responsible for the decision. The sustainability relevance, in economical, environmental and social terms, brings to the theme even more criteria that should be included as part of the decision. This work proposes an approach based on combinatorial optimization (integer linear programming) combined with multi-criteria value analysis that establishes priorities and trade-offs among the defined criteria, to the supplier selection of a cosmetics packaging set for a new product line. The obtained solution is compared to traditional optimization methods (mono-criteria) and to the multi-criteria optimization without combinatorial auction. Sensitivity analyses are also performed with the model, allowing assessments to be made in order to justify the decision.

This thesis looks into the selection process of a suitable internal application platform for the needs of specific IT company, which does business in the development and implementation area of SW products supporting a credit risk management. The company currently consists of 100 employees and plans to grow in the following years with 25% rate. This places significant requirements on efficient, but also cost optimal set of internal systems in order to support the process management. The theoretical part describes the process of selecting a general supplier and its specificity when used in a selection process for IT supplier and also the procedure for process analysis of key processes, which is vital part of methodological basis. In the practical part of the work is first made the analysis of key processes itself, on which are then proposed various applications that are integrated with each other and form a comprehensive and integrated platform to support monitoring, evaluation and management of the entire IT company. The main contribution is in a comprehensive application infrastructure proposal, which should replace the current and non compliant one.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-07-01T14:49:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Venancio Da Silva.pdf: 1612176 bytes, checksum: f4a65a67c6e926bca48180e5eff07fe1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T14:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Venancio Da Silva.pdf: 1612176 bytes, checksum: f4a65a67c6e926bca48180e5eff07fe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Due to the globalization, the numbers of international companies are in continuous expansion, along with logistics service providers which offer abilities to deal with relevant complexities to international trade. Freight Forwarders are considered the main international trade intermediaries. They are responsible for all functions involved in transport after the cargo is available. Therefore, selecting a freight forwarder and the criteria considered in this selection are important elements in the success of a company. This work’s purpose is to identify and classify the utilization degree of the criteria considered in international transport selection process of less than a container load (LCL), maritime modal, from the perspective of the Brazilian freight forwarders. After the literature review, 52 sub-criteria were identified, which were analyzed and organized into 13 criteria. The study was conducted with 6 freight forwarders, 2 small-sized, 2 medium-sized and 2 large-sized. This research concludes that the utilization degree of the criteria considered in the international transport of LCL, maritime modal, is influenced by the size of the companies studied. The price is the most widely used criterion for small-sized freight forwarders while delivery is the most widely used criterion for medium-sized and large-sized freight forwarders. This research concludes further that the environmental criterion is not used by importers and exporters in the selection process a freight forwarder. / Por causa da globalização, o número de empresas que operam no exterior está em contínua ampliação, juntamente com os prestadores de serviços que oferecem a capacidade de lidar com as complexidades pertinentes ao comércio internacional. Os agentes de cargas são considerados os principais intermediários no comércio internacional. Sua tarefa é gerenciar todas as funções envolvidas no transporte após a disponibilização das respectivas cargas. Assim sendo, a seleção de um agente de cargas e os critérios considerados nessa seleção são elementos importantes no sucesso de uma empresa. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e classificar o grau de utilização dos critérios considerados no processo de seleção de transporte internacional de carga fracionada, modal marítimo, sob a ótica dos agentes de cargas brasileiros de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Após a revisão da literatura foram identificados 52 subcritérios, que foram analisados e agrupados em 13 critérios. O estudo de caso foi realizado junto a 6 agentes de cargas, sendo 2 de pequeno porte, 2 de médio porte e 2 de grande porte. Conclui-se nos casos estudados que o grau de utilização dos critérios considerados no transporte internacional de carga fracionada, modal marítimo, são influenciados pelo porte das empresas estudadas. Para os agentes de cargas de pequeno porte o preço é o critério mais utilizado enquanto para os agentes de cargas de médio e grande porte, a entrega é o critério mais utilizado. Conclui-se ainda que o critério ambiental não é utilizado pelos importadores e exportadores durante o processo de seleção de um agente de cargas independente do porte analisado.

Diploma thesis is focused on a selection of a supplier with regard of total costs. In an introductory part of the thesis there is theoretical background about selection of the supplier, logistic costs and analysis of total costs. In practical part of the thesis, the problematic is applied on two concrete examples in Bosch concern.

Abstract Background: The oil industry is experiencing tremendous challenges due to the shifts in global markets and decreasing profits from oil. These challenges have steered companies to select more profitable investments and disregarding different matters of sustainability. However, the oil companies aim to be seen as more sustainable, since the demands of the public and governments increased toward sustainability. Thus, improving sustainability capabilities in the oil industry has become more critical than ever. In this study, the triple bottom line framework is used, which covers the social, environmental, and economical dimensions of sustainability. This study focuses on reactive and proactive practices that can overcome the barriers to achieving sustainability. Furthermore, the focus is on the oil industry’s pursuit of sustainability is facilitated by connecting reactive and proactive practices to improve the sustainability capabilities of a company. Purpose: The purpose of this study is first to identify the barriers to achieving sustainability in the oil industry and understand how companies can overcome these barriers by conducting reactive and proactive practices. Furthermore, the purpose is to understand how reactive and proactive practices can improve companies' capabilities for sustainability performance. Method: This study follows the inductive approach, as the aim was to discover new insights and assumptions from the studied phenomenon. Furthermore, the study is conducted as exploratory and qualitative, in order to provide a rich understanding of the barriers of sustainability within the oil industry, and how reactive and proactive practices can facilitate the capabilities for improving sustainability in companies. For the data collection method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts working within a single company that operates in the oil industry. The collected empirical data was analyzed with grounded analysis. Conclusion: With the empirical findings and existing literature, the internal and external barriers to achieving sustainability are identified. Furthermore, the connection with identified barriers and reactive and proactive practices is introduced, as well as how the practices facilitate overcoming these barriers. Also, the study connects reactive and proactive practices that improve sustainability capabilities in companies. The study suggests that practitioners focus on developing a solid foundation of reactive practices, on which to build strategies with proactive practices. Primarily the focus on the oil industry should be in the creation of environmental capabilities, as this potential is disregarded with the current set of practices. Improving triple bottom line dimensions is identified as a win-win process, which argues for the potential of improvement in environmental sustainability would assist in matching the economic and social demands of the oil industry.

The study examines how a select automobile company implement sustainablepractices in their supply chain management to achieve environmental sustainability.The focus of the study is on the two (2) most important aspects of the supply chainmanagement namely Supplier Selection and Product Design. Supplier selection isvital for 2 reasons; focal companies are increasingly being held account for theenvironmental impacts of their suppliers and more value is generated at the supplystage in the value chain. Product designs are vital because it helps reduce energyconsumption and emissions during the lifecycle (operational/use) of the vehicle.The study finds that the select automobile company has a robust procedure forsupplier selection & development using its Supplier code of conduct, SelfAssessment Questionnaires (SAQ) and a Sustainability Rating system for supplierselection and monitoring supplier compliance with environmental performancegoals.To achieve reduction in emissions from the company’s products in the use phase,the company has developed a range of products which focus on fuel efficiency,powertrains (engine) performance, renewable/alternative fuel sources andelectrified vehicles. These product designs are part of the company’sdecarbonization strategy to reduce emissions from its product use which accountsfor about 90% of the company’s carbon footprints (emissions). These products aredesigned with specific/set environmental goals/targets by working jointly with theScience Based Target Initiative (SBTi). An initiative (by WWF, CDP and WRI)which relies on the most recent climate science to help company achieve itsenvironmental goals while meeting its economic goals as well. The company’sdecarbonization strategy are directly linked to its supplier selection and productdesigns in order to achieve environmental sustainability.Overall, the study finds that the company’s practices are in line with existingliteratures on how to achieve environmental sustainability in Supply ChainManagement, for instance, the frameworks by Matthiavanan (2018) and Masoumi(2019) identified sustainable supplier selection & development, environmentalstandards, auditing suppliers, green/environmental purchasing, innovative productdesigns that reduce emissions & waste which are practices identified in the casecompany. Hence, the study reveals there is a strong link between theory and practicein the Case Company.This study has practical implications as insights provided can help other automobilecompanies address environmental sustainability challenges they face in theirsupplier selection process and product designs.

Date: (05/01/2022) Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Fernando Aliaga Narva, Chiara Schneider, Lisa Weller  Title: The Effects of Environmental Policies on Companies’ Competitive Advantage through Green Supplier Selection Tutor: Noushan Memar Keywords: environmental policies, green supplier selection, competitive advantage, eco-labels, green labels, environmental awareness Research Question: How do environmental policies influence companies’ competitive advantage through green supplier selection? Purpose: This research aims to explore and gain an understanding of the connection between environmental policies and competitive advantage. Thus, the purpose of this study is to contribute to companies and their suppliers’ future operations and potentially reveal how they can gain a competitive advantage. Method: Qualitative research method through an exploratory multiple case study. Conclusion: Non-regulatory environmental policies have a direct effect on the supplier selection of an organization. Organizations benefit from the competitive advantage through differentiation gained through the non-regulatory environmental policies effect on green supplier selection. This stimulates the utilization of additional non-regulatory environmental policies.

No description available.

<p> </p><p><strong>Degree Project Advanced Level - Business Administration, Linnaeus Business School at Linnaeus University, Business Process and Supply Chain Management, 4FE02E, Spring 2010.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Authors:</strong> Muhammad Rizwan ul Haque, Ahmed Nawaz Shaikh, Kamonmarn Jaenglom, Zaheer Tariq</p><p><strong>Tutor:</strong> Petra Andersson</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Title: Supplier Selection Process Improvement through Six-Sigma DMAIC (A case of Lafarge Pakistan Cement Limited)</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Cement industry is considered to be an intensive supplier base industry. Cement manufacturing involves several types of suppliers ranging from general utilities to large plant equipments. Also, supply chain performance is significant topic in many cement organisations. The supply chain department at Lafarge Pakistan Cement Limited (LPCL) wants to inspect and improve their supplier selection process. The intended objective of this inspection is two folded. First, LPCL wants to develop a competitive supplier base out of bulk suppliers available in the market that would result in competitive advantage over its competitors. Second, they want to improve their supplier selection process so that there would be low variance and exclusion of unnecessary activities that would ultimately help in achieving the cost, quality and service enhancement objectives.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Research question: </strong></p><p>How can the existing supplier selection process at Lafarge Pakistan Cement Limited (LPCL) be improved by applying Six-Sigma DMAIC?</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong></p><p>This thesis is a descriptive case study and was conducted with a deductive approach. Data was collected through interviews, discussions and questionnaire. The scientific credibility of this thesis was secured by using many sources, avoidance of assumptions, studying a common process and following standardized steps of supplier selection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong></p><p>The existing process of supplier selection at LPCL was defined and mapped to understand the process characteristics and capabilities. The existing process was then analysed to identify problem areas, variations and unnecessary activities. Corrective actions were recommended to deal with problem areas and an improved supplier selection process for LPCL was suggested with process coordination and control measures.</p><p><strong>Suggestions for future research:</strong></p><p>Based on the findings of this thesis, we suggest that the further research for LPCL could be done in the area of sourcing and suppliers relationship management. Sourcing; a study could examine the sourcing policy at LPCL on purchasing practises of products. It would also be interesting to focus more on this area which leads to excellent cost reduction. Using scenario method could compare and analyse regional, national and worldwide sourcing. Supplier Relationship Management; a study could investigate supplier relationship management that leads to creating a competitive advantage for LPCL through the development of supplier performance monitoring and supplier development programme. More details could continuously move towards cost reduction, increased reliability and risk mitigation, transparency of supplier costs and quality, and enhanced efficiency of sourcing process.</p>