Orientador: Rosângela de Lima Vieira / Resumo: Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa-ação estruturada a partir de uma sequência didática elaborada e aplicada para a primeira série do Ensino Médio na Escola Estadual Cel. Eduardo de Souza Porto, localizada na cidade de Fernão, estado de São Paulo. Prevê a valorização da Sociologia enquanto disciplina ministrada nas escolas com base em atividades de sala de aula (projetos escolares) que privilegiem a pesquisa como ferramenta didática, a fim de auxiliar os estudantes a conhecerem a realidade social e a superarem o saber de senso comum de que são portadores. Visa ampliar a capacidade de olhar sociologicamente as temáticas do mundo contemporâneo, percebendo-se enquanto categoria de sujeitos históricos e culturais capazes de reconhecerem nesta Ciência um instrumento emancipador e libertário, presente nas teorias sociológicas e em ações sobre o meio ambiente e sustentabilidade, a partir de vivências e de saberes compartilhado entre professor e aluno. Pretende, por meio da aplicação de uma proposta de sequência didática, estranhar e desnaturalizar os processos econômicos, os agentes sociais e políticos intrínsecos à cadeia produtiva da soja no Brasil e do óleo de soja, comumente utilizado para preparar alimentos e descartado habitualmente de maneira incorreta no meio ambiente. Na sequência didática, procurou-se refletir os questionamentos advindos da prática de ensino, culminando na confecção, pelos alunos, de um produto educomunicativo, de modo a contribuir com o ensino de So... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work is the result of an action research structured from a didactic sequence elaborated and applied for the first series of High School at Escola Estadual Cel. Eduardo de Souza Porto, located in the city of Fernão, state of São Paulo. It provides for the valorization of Sociology as a discipline taught in schools based on classroom activities (school projects) that privilege research as a didactic tool, in order to help students to know the social reality and to overcome the common sense knowledge of who are carriers. It aims to expand the capacity to look sociologically at the themes of the contemporary world, perceiving itself as a category of historical and cultural subjects capable of recognizing in this Science an emancipatory and libertarian instrument, present in sociological theories and in actions on the environment and sustainability, from of experiences and knowledge shared between teacher and student. Through the application of a didactic sequence proposal, it intends to surprise and denaturalize the economic processes, the social and political agents intrinsic to the productive chain of soy in Brazil and of soy oil, commonly used to prepare food and habitually discarded incorrectly. in the environment. In the didactic sequence, we tried to reflect the questions arising from the teaching practice, culminating in the making, by the students, of an educommunicative product, in order to contribute to the teaching of Sociology. The work presents the theoretical f... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The purpose of this study was to determine fourth-year pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the influence of mentor lecturers on their Professional Teacher Identity (PTI) while on teaching practice. The problem underpinning this study was that the students may not be able to mediate the merging of the academic world with the world of work if the influence of the mentor lecturer is lacking. The significance of this study lies in the student perceptions of the mentor lecturers’ role. The data were collected through the Fourth Years Initiative for Research in Education (FIRE) project. Students reflected in groups on the development of their PTI and the role their mentor lecturers played in this development. In this qualitative, descriptive case study, a document analysis was conducted on transcriptions of the posters that the students created in workshops. The conceptual framework combined a mentorship and a PTI model. The results showed that in PTI development, the mentor lecturers’ influence ranked sixth out of nine. The students felt misunderstood and unsupported. The findings indicate either that the role of the mentor lecturer is a redundant feature of the BEd programme, the mentor lecturer is not meeting the students’ needs, requiring revisitation of the programme, or this millennial generation sample is not open to critical self-reflection and critique. Similar studies may access the mentor lecturers’ perceptions of their own PTI and their influence on their mentees’ PTI development, and why passion for a subject is not a statistically significant influencer of PTI. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Humanities Education / MEd / Unrestricted

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Three years ago, our residency program began a new approach to teaching practice management to our second- and third-year residents. The underlying principles for the new curriculum involved a realization that our residents lacked basic business understanding and that they would likely learn more effectively through a hands-on approach.The newcurriculum, which we describe in this article, is in large part built around the establishment of a mockpractice during thesecond year ofresidency. Although the curriculum is still evolving, initial response and evaluation have been encouraging.

At the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and with the closure of schools, the question of how to continue schooling became a major challenge in education systems (Kong, 2020). Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL) has since become the only solution to continue the learning process. Moving instruction to ERTL is based on the assumption that virtual learning can be effective in K-12 settings during times of disaster. The purpose of this study was to explore Saudi teachers' experiences in leading ERTL in K-12 settings and employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. This study included six K-12 public schools in Saudi Arabia from different educational levels. Participants were asked to share their perspectives and experiences with ERTL through open-ended questions. The findings revealed the experiences of K-12 teachers during the quick transition to ERTL (redesign support, technological, pedagogical, and classroom management training), the changes that occurred in their practice (teaching and assessment strategies), the implementation of ERTL (challenges and other aspects), the impact of ERTL after the pandemic, and the lessons learned from the crisis. The results of this study suggest that a curse may be turned into a blessing by incorporating the experience of ERTL (using technology, lesson design, and online activities) into the school agenda on a regular basis. In doing so, teachers and students may develop important digital competencies and be better prepared for the next emergency. The implications of our findings and limitations are also discussed. / Doctor of Philosophy / Due to the urgent need for those in the education profession to change teaching modes, Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL) which is defined as "a temporary shift of instructional delivery to an alternate delivery mode due to crisis circumstances. It involves the use of fully remote teaching solutions for instruction or education that would otherwise be delivered face-to-face or as blended or hybrid courses and that will return to that format once the crisis or emergency has abated." (Hodges et al., 2020). ERTL came to serve all levels of learners in response to the crisis of COVID-19. The use of ERTL was unplanned, but helped to assure continuity of learning. This rapid shift forced faculty to take courses that were designed for in-classroom teaching, and transition them to an online learning format, causing challenges to teachers and students. The purpose of this study was to explore Saudi teachers' experiences in leading Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL) in K-12 settings, and employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. This study included six K-12 public schools in Saudi Arabia from different educational levels. Participants were asked to share their perspectives and experiences with ERTL through open-ended questions. The findings revealed the experiences of K-12 teachers during the quick transition to ERTL (redesign support, technological, pedagogical, and classroom management training), the changes that occurred in their practice (teaching and assessment strategies), the implementation of ERTL (challenges and other aspects), the impact of ERTL after the pandemic, and the lessons learned from the crisis. The results of this study suggest that a curse may be turned into a blessing by incorporating the experience of ERTL (using technology, lesson design, and online activities) into the school agenda on a regular basis. In this way, teachers and students may develop important digital competencies, and be better prepared for the next emergency. The implications of our findings and limitations were also discussed.

This dissertation explores how women kindergarten teachers in Pakistan understand the concept of gender as evident from their own reflections of their life experiences and from their interaction with their students. Early childhood education and gender equality in education are critical policy issues in Pakistan. Women pre-primary teachers have received little specific attention and little is known about their experiences. Seven women kindergarten teachers from one co-educational, private, English-medium school in the urban city of Karachi, Pakistan were involved in this mixed-method study. Multiple methods were used, namely, life history interviews with the women teachers, classroom observations of their teaching practice and interactions with girls and boys, and document analysis. Data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The findings were presented and discussed through the five nested interrelated structures – microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem - of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development. Study findings reveal that the family and school are critical microsystems that have shaped the women kindergarten teachers’ understanding of gender in terms of possibilities and impossibilities for girls and boys, women and men within the norms of the broader patriarchal macrosystem. Throughout their lives across the chronosystem, they have had to negotiate multiple positions in their patriarchal extended families, schools, and, to some extent, the larger community in response to social change across diverse geographical spaces. Compromise and conformity have formed much of how they have understood their role and position as women in this patriarchal context. As women and as kindergarten teachers, they are doubly disadvantaged. They have been inadequately prepared to take up positions as pre-primary teachers. Nevertheless, their developing knowledge of teaching young children based on their practice and in-service training in a school with a positive outlook towards teaching has led to a more professional perspective of themselves and their careers. They are committed to teaching, but face the challenge of coping with their professional and familial demands. Often times, they draw upon their religion for strength and to make sense of their gendered experiences. Tensions are evident in their understanding of gender, particularly in relation to their own children and their kindergarten students, about following ascribed gender norms or allowing for more change in tradition in a context being rapidly influenced by globalization and socio-economic change. For the most part, their interaction with their students reflected their internalization of dominant patriarchal values and their active role in perpetuating them. Nevertheless, their gendered teaching practice has also presented possibilities for change in their unconscious and, occasionally conscious, attempts to push gender boundaries towards more equitable gender relationships in this patriarchal context. This study is significant for bringing to the fore women kindergarten teachers’ lived experiences to provide a dimension of education which has gone largely unexamined locally and globally, and which, in the context of Pakistan, are critical to consider in light of issues related to quality, access, and gender equity in early childhood education.

This dissertation explores how women kindergarten teachers in Pakistan understand the concept of gender as evident from their own reflections of their life experiences and from their interaction with their students. Early childhood education and gender equality in education are critical policy issues in Pakistan. Women pre-primary teachers have received little specific attention and little is known about their experiences. Seven women kindergarten teachers from one co-educational, private, English-medium school in the urban city of Karachi, Pakistan were involved in this mixed-method study. Multiple methods were used, namely, life history interviews with the women teachers, classroom observations of their teaching practice and interactions with girls and boys, and document analysis. Data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The findings were presented and discussed through the five nested interrelated structures – microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem - of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development. Study findings reveal that the family and school are critical microsystems that have shaped the women kindergarten teachers’ understanding of gender in terms of possibilities and impossibilities for girls and boys, women and men within the norms of the broader patriarchal macrosystem. Throughout their lives across the chronosystem, they have had to negotiate multiple positions in their patriarchal extended families, schools, and, to some extent, the larger community in response to social change across diverse geographical spaces. Compromise and conformity have formed much of how they have understood their role and position as women in this patriarchal context. As women and as kindergarten teachers, they are doubly disadvantaged. They have been inadequately prepared to take up positions as pre-primary teachers. Nevertheless, their developing knowledge of teaching young children based on their practice and in-service training in a school with a positive outlook towards teaching has led to a more professional perspective of themselves and their careers. They are committed to teaching, but face the challenge of coping with their professional and familial demands. Often times, they draw upon their religion for strength and to make sense of their gendered experiences. Tensions are evident in their understanding of gender, particularly in relation to their own children and their kindergarten students, about following ascribed gender norms or allowing for more change in tradition in a context being rapidly influenced by globalization and socio-economic change. For the most part, their interaction with their students reflected their internalization of dominant patriarchal values and their active role in perpetuating them. Nevertheless, their gendered teaching practice has also presented possibilities for change in their unconscious and, occasionally conscious, attempts to push gender boundaries towards more equitable gender relationships in this patriarchal context. This study is significant for bringing to the fore women kindergarten teachers’ lived experiences to provide a dimension of education which has gone largely unexamined locally and globally, and which, in the context of Pakistan, are critical to consider in light of issues related to quality, access, and gender equity in early childhood education.

O presente estudo tem por finalidade investigar as práticas docentes de um grupo composto por seis professoras de educação infantil quanto às modalidades de tratamento das ideias históricas nessa etapa da educação básica. Para tanto, a partir da perspectiva qualitativa de investigação (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994), e particularmente com o referencial de Thompson (2002) sobre a história oral, foram realizadas entrevistas com cada uma delas tratando de temas como suas trajetórias profissionais, suas experiências com a História no seu tempo de estudantes e suas práticas naquilo que tratam da mobilização de conhecimentos históricos. Igualmente houve um momento de partilha das transcrições e novas conversas travadas a partir daquele material por elas comentado e mesmo corrigido. Nesse esforço de investigação, articulamos contribuições teóricas de autores de diferentes campos do conhecimento de modo a enfrentar o desafio de estudar práticas por meio de seus indícios: Hilary Cooper (2006, 2012), Jörn Rüsen (2010), Marlene Cainelli (2006, 2008, 2011, 2012), Marie-Christine Josso (2006), Sonia Kramer (2005), Moysés Kuhlmann Jr. (2000, 2001a, 2001b), Sonia Kramer (2005) e Roger Chartier (1988, 1991), entre outros, com o objetivo de tornar possível a aproximação dos modos de compreensão engendrados por tais professoras que se deram a ver nos relatos partilhados durante as entrevistas. A mobilização de conhecimentos históricos na educação infantil pode ser compreendida e proposta como um meio de articulação da imaginação e capacidade infantis de criação, compreensão e atuação no mundo, e assim auxiliá-las no seu desenvolvimento pleno. As trajetórias e práticas compartilhadas pelo grupo de seis professoras são alguns dos caminhos possíveis para tal. / The following study aims to investigate the teaching practices from six early childhood education teachers on how historical ideas have been treated at this stage of the educational life. To achieve this goal, each teacher was interviewed about her professional experience, about her experiences on History as student and about how historical knowledge was articulate on her teaching practices. The investigation utilized the qualitative investigation perspective (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994) and more closely the Thompson (2002) system of references for oral history. Theoretical contributions from scholars from varied knowledge fields - Hilary Cooper (2006, 2012), Jörn Rüsen (2010), Marlene Cainelli (2006, 2008, 2011, 2012), Marie-Christine Josso (2006), Sonia Kramer (2005), Moysés Kuhlmann Jr. (2000, 2001a, 2001b), Sonia Kramer (2005) e Roger Chartier (1988, 1991), et al - were articulated during this investigative effort to face the challenge of studying practices using only evidences with the objective of finding a more general understanding of the different methods applied which the teachers shared during the interviews. The use of historical knowledge in early childhood education can be comprehended and proposed as a mean of articulating the childrens capacity of creation, understanding and acting in the world and thus it can help these children towards their full development. The experiences and practices shared by the group of six teachers are examples of the feasible options available for that.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a apropriação de elementos constitutivos de um modo geral de organização do ensino por futuros professores de Matemática nas disciplinas de Prática de Ensino e Estágio, com o intuito de explicitar indicadores de um movimento formativo na direção da práxis docente e, por conseguinte, identificar elementos norteadores para a organização do ensino pelos formadores de professores. Com referência na Teoria Histórico-Cultural e na Teoria da Atividade, em particular, tomou-se como pressuposto que colocar o sujeito em atividade deve ser condição para a organização do ensino. Nessa perspectiva, discutiu-se o modo como os estudantes se apropriam de um modo geral de organização do ensino, ao desenvolverem o pensamento teórico sobre a docência, por meio da reflexão, análise e planificação das ações. O percurso metodológico da pesquisa, com aporte no método histórico-dialético, desenvolveu-se em uma pesquisa de campo com estudantes de um curso de licenciatura em Matemática, nas disciplinas Metodologia do Ensino de Matemática e Prática de Docência em Matemática I e II. Os dados foram coletados por meio de registros de observação, de áudio e escritos. As observações possibilitaram a organização de um diário comentado, indicativo do movimento de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Os registros de áudio foram mais utilizados em situações de debates e seminários. Já os registros escritos tiveram como referência atividades individuais ou coletivas dos estudantes, registros de avaliações, elaboração de artigo e portfólio. A pesquisa previu ocasiões em que a pesquisadora acompanhou as atividades organizadas pelo professor regente e algumas nas quais a pesquisadora organizou atividades de ensino por meio de situações desencadeadoras de aprendizagem. Os dados foram organizados em três isolados de pesquisa - reflexão, análise e planificação das ações - entendidos como seções da realidade capazes de desvelar manifestações do movimento de apropriação dos futuros professores sobre a organização do ensino. Cada um desses isolados foi composto de episódios e estes de cenas que, ao longo do processo, evidenciam manifestações dos futuros professores acerca da apropriação de elementos constitutivos de um modo geral de organização do ensino. Da análise do que se apreende da pesquisa estabeleceu-se a organização de dois eixos: o movimento de aprendizagem da docência pelos futuros professores e o movimento de aprendizagem da pesquisadora. O primeiro contempla as principais conclusões decorrentes do conhecimento desse movimento para a organização do processo formativo dos futuros professores, na direção da práxis docente. Já o segundo, envolve a apropriação do referencial teórico, de princípios de um modo geral de organização do ensino para a formação de professores e, por fim, o processo de conhecimento do fenômeno e de constituição de um modo de fazer pesquisa. Com referência nesses eixos, a pesquisa possibilita indicativos acerca do papel do professor formador na universidade, dos instrumentos dos quais ele necessita dispor em sua atividade, do papel do professor orientador de estágio na escola, da necessidade de sua relação com a universidade e com o professor formador e da organização das ações de ensino no movimento de reflexão, análise e planificação das ações. / This study aimed to investigate the general appropriation of constitutive elements of teaching organization by future Mathematics teachers in the subjects of Teaching Practice and Internship, in order to show indicators of a formative movement towards the pedagogical praxis and, as a consequence, identify guiding elements for the organization of teaching by teacher trainers. Having as reference Cultural-Historical Theory, particularly Activity Theory, it has been assumed that putting the student in activity is paramount for the organization of teaching. Within this perspective, we discuss the way students take hold of the organization of teaching by developing theoretical thinking about teaching through reflection, analysis and planning of actions. The methodology of this research, supported by the historical-dialectical method, is based on field research with students from a Maths Teacher Training course, in the subjects Teaching Maths Methodology and Teaching Maths Practice I and II. Data was recorded through written and audio observation registers. These observations allowed the organization of a commented diary, indicating the learning movement of the students. The audio register was more used in situations of debates and presentations. Conversely, the written register has as reference the students individual or collective activities, register of evaluations, creation of portfolios and articles. The research includes moments when the researcher followed the activities organized by the main teacher and some when the researcher organized teaching activities through situations which stemmed learning. Data was organized in three isolated of research - reflection, analysis and planning of actions which were understood as sections of reality able to unveil manifestation of movements of appropriation by future teachers on teaching organization. By analysing the collected information, we establish two axes: the movement of learning teaching skills by the future teachers and the movement of learning by the researcher. The former contemplates the main conclusions arising from the knowledge of this movement for the organization of the future teachers formation process towards the pedagogical praxis. The latter involves the appropriation of the theoretical reference, as well as a general principle of teaching organization in the future teachers formative process and, eventually, the process of knowledge of phenomena and constitution of a new way of doing research. Having as reference these axes, this research brings up indicatives around the role of the teacher trainer in the university, the necessary tools for this activity, the role of the internship supervisor in the school and the need of his/her relationship with the university and with the teacher trainer, as well as the organization of the teaching actions within the movement of reflection, analysis and planning of these action.