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Often durational, process or/and concept-based, transient and participatory, contemporary art understood as a paradigm of artistic practice calls for new approaches to the institutional collecting and all related practices including conservation. The intangible agents of contemporary artwork often exist as, and thus might be transmitted only through various kinds of documents. The resulting documentation does not only contain information about artwork’s provenance, history, meanings and character but it hosts an important part of the artwork itself. As decisions about the future presentations and hence interpretations of artworks are made based on documentation, the latter not only shapes but also determines the future of contemporary artworks.

近年來，模型驅動的軟體開發方式已在軟體開發社群引起廣泛的討論與研究。知名的物件管理組織並提出模型驅動架構來推廣這種新的軟體開發方式。一般使用模型驅動架構觀念的開發方法多著重在模型交換、模型變更及產生程式碼的精準度，但對於應用樣板程式在產生程式的使用上卻很少有特別的規範，故本研究選擇樣板程式的應用進行探討。在模型建構方面，我們依循一般將業務性及非業務性的模型分開設計及管理的方式，以方便系統開發人員在設計模型時，可以專注於業務性的功能設計，非業務性的功能便可依系統的需求選擇特定的組合；但在程式碼產生部分，本研究則應用剖面導向程式設計中的織入方式來產生程式碼。我們以Orr, Doug所製作的原型程式為基礎，建立一個應用剖面樣板於模型驅動開發的流程，並且以一個應用實例及使用工具來闡明整體導入的過程及運用價值。經由這樣的實例，可以讓系統開發者感受應用剖面樣板於模型驅動開發所帶來的方便及效率的提昇。 / Recently, model-driven software development has attracted great attention from the software development community. The Object Management Group (OMG) has also proposed the so-called Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) to promote it. As far as we know, most system development approaches using the MDA concept emphasize on model exchange, model change and degree of preciseness on code generation and do not discuss much about the usage of templates for code generation. Therefore, this research proposes to study the code generation part of MDA using templates. Like other MDA-based approaches, our development process also design and manage functional models and non-functional models separately, allowing system developers to focus on functional models design and to easily choose existing functions for non-functional models by requirements. What makes our approach different is we add an attachment model which facilitates the code generation steps by using the weaving mechanism found in aspect-oriented programming (AOP). In this study, we elaborate the attachment model proposed by Orr, Doug and propose an example of model-driven development process using it for code generation. Moreover, we utilize the prototype of Orr, Doug’s to create a complete example which re-engineers an existing application by replacing its system platform and extending its business functions using this process.

Um die Funktion von Proteinen in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung zu verstehen, ist es unerlässlich ihre Lokalisation und Bewegung im lebenden System durch z.B Fluoreszenz-markierung sichtbar zu machen. Eine ideale Markierungsmethode zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie das Zielprotein (protein of interest, POI) selektiv und in kurzer Zeit mit einer maßgeschneiderten Reportergruppe ausstattet, ohne die Proteinfunktion und -lokalisation zu beeinflussen. Dabei ist die Größe der Erkennungssequenz von großer Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit wird die Entwicklung einer Markierungsstrategie beschrieben, bei der die Ausbildung eines parallelen Coiled-Coil-Motivs den Transfer einer Reportergruppe auslöst. Untersucht wurde dabei die Übertragung eines Sulfonat-gebundenen Fluorophors auf ein Cystein in der Erkennungssequenz durch nukleophile Substitution. Ebenfalls untersucht wurde der Transfer verschiedener Thioester-verknüpfter Reporter auf ein N-terminales Cystein der Erkennungssequenz durch eine Acyltransferreaktion. Beide Strategien zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Selektivität und einen geringen Massenzuwachs am Zielprotein aus. Der Acyltransfer mit Arylthioestern zeigte zudem eine bemerkenswerte Reaktivität und erlaubte eine Markierung innerhalb weniger Minuten Reaktionszeit. Die Vielfältigkeit dieser Methode wurde anhand der Fluoreszenzmarkierung von sieben verschiedenen G-Protein gekoppelten Membranrezeptoren auf der Oberfläche lebender Zellen demonstriert. Die markierten Rezeptoren blieben dabei funktional und konnten ihren entsprechenden Liganden mit hoher Affinität binden. / In order to understand the function of proteins in their native environment, it is crucial to visualize their localization and trafficking in living cells by means of e.g. fluorescence labeling. An ideal labeling method adds a custom reporter group to the protein of interest (POI) in a selective and fast manner without disturbing the POIs function and localization. Hence the size of the recognition sequence is of major concern. This work describes the development of a labeling strategy in which the formation of a parallel coiled coil motif triggers the transfer of a reporter group. The transfer of a sulfonate-linked fluorescence dye onto the cysteine-modified recognition sequence via a nucleophilic substitution reaction was tested. Also the transfer of various thioester-linked reporters onto the N-terminal cysteine of the recognition sequence via an acyl transfer reaction was investigated. Both strategies are characterized by a high selectivity and low mass increase at the target protein. The acyl transfer with aryl thioesters also showed a remarkable reactivity and allowed labeling reactions to proceed within minutes. The versatility of this method was demonstrated by applying it to the labeling of seven different G-protein coupled membrane receptors on the surface of living cells. The labeled receptors remained functional and were able to bind their respective ligand with high affinity.

ASICs estruturados com leiautes regulares representam uma das soluções para a perda de rendimento de fabricação de circuitos integrados em tecnologias nanométricas causada pela distorção de fotolitografia. Um método de projeto de circuitos integrados ainda mais restritivo resulta em ASICs estruturados configuráveis apenas pelas camadas de vias, que são compostos pela repetição do mesmo modelo de bloco em todas as camadas do leiaute, exceto as camadas de vias. A escolha do modelo de bloco tem grande influência nas características do circuito final, criando a demanda por novas ferramentas de CAD que possam avaliar e comparar tais modelos em seus diversos aspectos. Esta tese descreve um ambiente de CAD baseado em SAT, capaz de avaliar o aspecto de capacidade lógica em padrões de blocos configuráveis por vias. O ambiente proposto é genérico, podendo tratar quaisquer padrões de bloco definido pelo usuário, e se comporta de maneira eficiente quando aplicado aos principais padrões já publicados na literatura. / Structured ASICs with regular layouts comprise a design-based solution for IC manufacturing yield loss in nanometer technologies caused by photolithography distortions. Via-configurable structured ASICs is even a more restrictive digital IC design method, based on the repetition of a block template comprising all layout layers except the vias one. The choice of such a design strategy impacts greatly the final circuit characteristics, arising the need for specific CAD tools to allow template evaluation and comparison in different aspects. This work presents a SAT-based CAD environment for evaluating the logical capacity aspect of via-configurable block templates. The proposed environment is able to support any user-defined template, and behaves efficiently when applied to block templates presented in related literature.

<p>This thesis describes stereoselective syntheses of four amino acids, three of which are C-glycosidic analogues of glycosylated amino acids. The overall goal of the project was to probe the interactions between MHC molecules, glycopeptide antigens and T cell receptors, that are essential for development of collagen induced arthritis. Collagen induced arthritis is a frequently used mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that attacks joint cartilage and leads to a painful and eventually crippling condition.</p><p>The thesis is based on four studies. The first study describes the synthesis of hydroxylysine, an amino acid that is found in collagen and is an important constituent of the glycopeptide proposed as an antigen in collagen induced arthritis. During the synthesis of hydroxylysine some new insight into the mechanism of the reductive opening of <i>p</i>-methoxybenzylidene acetals was obtained.</p><p>The remaining three studies deals with the synthesis of C-glycosidic analogues of glycosylated amino acids, hydroxy norvaline, threonine and hydroxylysine.The synthesis of each amino acid required control of several stereogenic centra and utilizes a variety of approaches such as use of stereoselective reactions, chiral auxilaries, chiral templates and asymmetric catalysis.</p><p>The C-glycosidic analogues of galactosylated hydroxynorvaline and hydroxylysine were incorporated in glycopeptides from type II collagen and evaluated in T cell response assays. It was found that the T cells were stimulated by the C-glycopeptides, but that higher concentrations were required than for the native O-glycopeptide</p>

This thesis describes stereoselective syntheses of four amino acids, three of which are C-glycosidic analogues of glycosylated amino acids. The overall goal of the project was to probe the interactions between MHC molecules, glycopeptide antigens and T cell receptors, that are essential for development of collagen induced arthritis. Collagen induced arthritis is a frequently used mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that attacks joint cartilage and leads to a painful and eventually crippling condition. The thesis is based on four studies. The first study describes the synthesis of hydroxylysine, an amino acid that is found in collagen and is an important constituent of the glycopeptide proposed as an antigen in collagen induced arthritis. During the synthesis of hydroxylysine some new insight into the mechanism of the reductive opening of p-methoxybenzylidene acetals was obtained. The remaining three studies deals with the synthesis of C-glycosidic analogues of glycosylated amino acids, hydroxy norvaline, threonine and hydroxylysine.The synthesis of each amino acid required control of several stereogenic centra and utilizes a variety of approaches such as use of stereoselective reactions, chiral auxilaries, chiral templates and asymmetric catalysis. The C-glycosidic analogues of galactosylated hydroxynorvaline and hydroxylysine were incorporated in glycopeptides from type II collagen and evaluated in T cell response assays. It was found that the T cells were stimulated by the C-glycopeptides, but that higher concentrations were required than for the native O-glycopeptide

Diatoms possess characteristics such as abundance, diversity, and high reproductivity, which make their nano-structured frustules (diatom frustules) attractive for a wide range of applications. To overcome the limitation of their silica based frustule composition, diatom frustules have been converted into a variety of materials including silicon, silicon carbide, silver, gold, palladium and carbon in the present study. The compositions and the extent of shape preservation of the replicas are examined and evaluated with different characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM and FTIR analyses. These replicas still retained the complex 3D structures and nano-scaled features of the starting diatom frustules. Some properties and possible applications of converted materials are explored and the kinetics and thermodynamics related to the successful replications (conversions) are also studied and discussed.

Programinės įrangos kūrimo procese reikalavimų rinkimo ir jų analizės etapai yra patys svarbiausi, nuo jų priklauso tolesnių programinės įrangos kūrimo etapų įgyvendinimas. Informacinių sistemų specifikavimui dažniausiai naudojamos projektavimo kalbos (UML, Z, DFD, OCL ir t.t.), kurių supratimui reikalingos specifinės žinios. Užsakovo projektavimo kalbos žinios dažnai yra minimalios, tad jis pasitiki projektuotojo žiniomis ir pateiktų reikalavimų interpretavimu. Projektavimo etape tinkamai užsakovo nesuprastų, formalia kalba specifikuotų, sistemos projektinių modelių netikslumai, dažnai išryškėja tik realizavimo etape. Klaidingai IT specialisto interpretuotų žinių padarinių taisymas yra brangus ir pailgina programinio produkto kūrimo trukmę. Šiam nesusišnekimui išvengti buvo pasiūlyta dalykinę sritį aprašinėti veiklos taisyklėmis natūralios kalbos šablonais. Veiklos taisyklės yra struktūrizuotos ir vienareikšmiškai interpretuojamos tiek IT specialistų, tiek verslo atstovų. Šis dalykinės srities aprašymo metodas yra labai neseniai pasirodęs ir dar nėra nusistovėjusių standartų jo taikyme. Šiame darbe bus kuriamas algoritmas, kuris veiklos taisyklių pagrindu patikslins nuo skaičiavimų nepriklausomo (arba nuo platformos nepriklausomo) lygmens duomenų modelius. Tuo savo ruoštu paspartindamas projektinių modelių kūrimą ir patikslinimą automatizuojant veiklos taisyklių ir klasių modelio analizę. / Software development process of the collection and analysis phases are the key, since they belong to the software development phases of implementation. Information systems are the most used in the design specification language (UML, Z, DFD, OCL, etc.), understanding the need for specific knowledge. Customer's design language is often minimal, so he is confident in the knowledge the designer and the requirements of the interpretation. The design phase of the customer due misunderstood formally specified language, system design models, inaccuracies, often become apparent only in the realization phase. Erroneous interpretation of the IT professional knowledge effects editing is expensive and prolonged the duration of software product development. This misunderstood was proposed to avoid the subject area specificate operational rules of natural-language ralios pattern. Activities are structured and unambiguous interpretation of the IT professionals and business representatives. The Subject field of the description method is a very recent and has not established standards for its application. This work will be developed in the algorithm, the business rules-based adjustments to the calculations of independent (or platform-independent) level of data models. Meanwhile, prepare their own models for accelerating the development of design automation and to verify rules and model of class analysis.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjama veiklos taisyklių sąvoka, jų klasifikacijos būdai bei panaudojimo galimybės skirtingiems poreikiams realizuoti. Kaip veiklos taisyklės yra specifikuojamos ir kokiais būdais galima jomis manipuliuoti. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas ištirti taisyklių valdymo įrankį (Blaze Advisor), išnagrinėti veiklos taisyklių specifikavimo principus, naudojant objektiškai orientuotą SRL kalbą bei jų panaudojimo galimybes remiantis vidiniais įrankio komponentais, skirtais veiklos taisyklių realizacijai. Atlikus išsamią analizę pastebėta, jog esti trūkumų, kurie neleidžia efektyviai modeliuoti veiklos taisykles bei apriboja įmonių atstovų priėjimą prie jų. Siekiant pašalinti trūkumus siūloma metodika, kuri suteiktų lankstesnį būdą veiklos taisyklėms kurti bei valdyti. Kuri užtikrintų galimybę veiklos atstovams patiems dalyvauti realizavimo ir kūrimo etape be IT specialisto betarpiškos pagalbos. Realizuojant sistemą siūlomu metodu, suteikiama galimybė veiklos atstovams valdyti veiklos procesus, keičiant veiklos taisyklių leistinas dalis, taip pakeičiant visą programos ir jos vykdymo logiką bei priimamus sprendimus. Galima lengvai veiklos procesus pritaikyti prie besikeičiančių sąlygų, kurios vienaip ar kitaip įtakoja įmonės veiklą, sumažinant įmonės kaštus. / In this work there is analyzed business rules` conception, ways of their classification and possibilities to use them in order to realize different needs, how business rules are specified and how you can manipulate them. The main aim of this work is to explore rules Blaze Advisor, to analyze business rules specification principles, by using objectively oriented SRL language and opportunities to use them on the ground of inner advisor components designed for business rules realization. After the detailed analysis it was noticed that there are defects, which don`t let effectively model business rules and narrow the access enterprises representatives to them, trying to eliminate the defects by suggested methods, which would present a more flexible way to create business rules and guide, which would ensure the possibility for business representatives themselves to participate in the realization and creation stage without IT specialists immediate help. Realizing the system by the suggested method, there is a possibility for business representatives to guide business processes, by changing business rules` permissible parts, in this way all the program`s and its realization logic and acceptable decisions. It`s easy to conform business processes to the changeable conditions, which in one or another way make influence to the enterprise`s activity by reducing the enterprise`s costs.