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Aucune loi, aucun décret ne propose de définition de la continuité territoriale. L'expression apparaît dans certains textes législatifs et réglementaires, elle est utilisée par le juge en certaines occasions, mais parce qu'elle interfère en des domaines différenciés, elle demeure indéterminée. L'appréhension de la notion de continuité territoriale dérive de ces textes juridiques et de ces quelques décisions de justice qui lui attribuent plusieurs fonctions dans le système administratif.Suivant les dispositifs législatifs, la notion de continuité territoriale renvoie, en premier lieu, à des modes de fonctionnement du service public, notamment pour ce qui concerne l'organisation et le financement de la desserte de la collectivité territoriale de Corse en vertu d'une convention initiale de 1976 relative aux transports maritimes vers l'île, désormais codifiée à l'article L. 4425-4 du Code général des collectivités territoriales.En deuxième lieu, elle ressort des interprétations de la formule « d'un seul tenant et sans enclave », présente aux articles L. 5214-1, L. 5215-1 et L. 5216 du CGCT, par le juge administratif dans le contentieux de l'intercommunalité .En un troisième temps, la notion de continuité territoriale s'inscrit dans l'objectif de continuité du service public sur l'ensemble du territoire à travers l'article 4 de la loi n°2007-309 du 5 mars 2007 relative à la modernisation de la diffusion audiovisuelle et à la télévision du futur, ce qui justifierait l'extension de la notion dans les discours administratifs relatifs à l'aménagement numérique du territoire.Ces applications distinctes d'une idée de continuité territoriale inviteraient à s'interroger sur les modes d'appréhension de la notion de continuité comme de la notion de territoire dans les domaines du droit administratif. / No law, no decree proposes definition of territorial continuity. The expression appears in certain legislative texts and lawful, it is used by the judge on certain occasions,it interferes differentiated fields into cubes, it remains unspecified.The apprehension of the concept of territorial continuity derives from these legal texts and these some legal decisions which allot several functions in the administrative system.

Essa pesquisa se insere na recente temática denominada de Geografia da Inovação que tem por objetivo principal compreender as relações entre território e inovação. Inovação se trata da produção de um bem ou a da prestação de um serviço novo ou substancialmente aprimorado no mercado com o objetivo de aumento da produtividade e de reprodução do capital. Compreendemos a relação entre a inovação e o território não apenas do ponto de vista da localização no território, mas sim a partir da perspectiva dos sistemas territoriais de inovação (Vale, 2012) que o território adquire protagonismo no processo de produção. Para compreendermos dessa forma dois pressupostos são importantes. Primeiro é necessário esclarecer que, dada as características da inovação brasileira (analisadas a partir dos dados do IBGE, 2013), estamos lidando com a inovação interativa (Lundvall, 2005; Méndez, 1998) que compreende a inovação como um processo baseado em relações de aprendizagem entre os agentes da inovação. Segundo, a análise da inovação interativa entende-a como um processo social e territorializado pois os processos de aprendizagem tem uma lógica territorial (Maillat, 2002) em que se evidencia um forte elo entre o território e os agentes inovativos através de relações de cooperação, concorrência e interação que ocorrem em redes e geram sinergias entre eles. As relações em rede entre os agentes inovativos no processo de aprendizagem e de inovação são denominados de redes de inovação (Maillat, 1996). O entendimento das redes de inovação passa pela compreensão da dialética rede e território que, ao contrário da interpretação hegemônica de um processo de desterritorialização e, dessa forma concordando com Haesbaert (2002), podem também evidenciar a formação de novos territórios, tanto no sentido que o autor denomina de território-rede como também na forma de um território-zona. Dada as características da inovação interativa apresentadas aqui nosso objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a formação de um território inovador no Brasil na primeira década do século XXI, momento este em que as atividades econômicas ligadas a inovação, denominada na pesquisa de economia do conhecimento (Diniz e Gonçalves, 2005), ganham forte impulso através da atuação do Estado e do capital privado inovador. A hipótese da pesquisa é que a região da macrometrópole paulista pode ser considerada o território inovador brasileiro pois essa região apresenta as condições gerais de produção que possibilitam a integração em redes distantes apoiadas pelas TICs (tecnologia de informação e comunicação) aos fluxos mundiais que interligam os grandes centros inovadores no mundo, denotando assim o caráter de território-rede, como também se configura em um território-zona pela concentração da produção inovadora nessa região na primeira década do século XXI. / This research belongs to the recent topic called Geography of innovation, which has the main objective of understanding the relationship between territory and innovation. Innovation is related to the production of goods or providing a new or substantially improved service to the market in order to increase productivity and the raising of capital. We understand the relationship between the innovation and the territory not only from a territory localization point of view, but also from the perspective of innovation territorial systems (Vale, 2012) where the territory gets a leading role in the production process. In order to understand it, two assumptions are important. First, it is necessary to clarify that according to the characteristics of the Brazilian innovation (analysis from the IBGE data, 2013), we are dealing with the interactive innovation (Lundvall, 2005; Méndez, 1998), which sees the innovation as a process based on the learning relationship among the innovation agents. Second, the analysis of the interactive innovation is understood as a social and territorialized process as the learning processes have a territorial logic (Maillat, 2002) which shows a strong link between the territory and the innovative agents through cooperative, competitive and interactive relations that occur in a network creating synergies among them. The network relations among the innovative agents in the learning and innovation processes are called innovation networks (Maillat, 1996). The understanding of the innovation network involves understanding of the dialectic network and territory, contrary to the hegemonic interpretation of an inverse territorializing process and thus agreeing with Haesbaert (2002), this may also show the establishment of new territories, in a sense as the author calls territory-network as well as territory-zone. Given the characteristics of the interactive innovation shown here, our research goal is to analyze the establishment of an innovative territory in Brazil in the first decade of the 21st century, when the economic activities related to innovation cited in the knowledge economy research ( Diniz and Gonçalves, 2005) gain strong momentum through the actions of the State and capital from the private sector. The hypothesis of the research is that the macro-metropolis of São Paulo can be considered the innovative Brazilian territory because this region has the general production conditions that enable the integration of distant networks supported by ICTs (Information and communication Technology) to the global flow that connects the big innovative centers around the world, denoting a territory-network characteristic, as it is also set in a territory-zone by the concentration of the innovative production in this region in the first decade of the 21st century.

Em 2014, foi inserido no Plano Diretor Estratégico - PDE da cidade de São Paulo, um instrumento potencialmente inovador na forma de gestão urbana, o TICP Território de Interesse da Cultura e da Paisagem. Esse instrumento considera aspectos de memória, afetivos, culturais e de paisagem na gestão da cidade. O PDE estabeleceu dois TICPs, porém deixa claro que outros, podem ser criados e delimitados. Com base nessa possibilidade de criação de novos TICPs, este trabalho visa verificar os potenciais para criação de um TICP na zona leste de São Paulo, especificamente na região próxima a avenida Jacú-Pêssego. Para isso buscou-se entender como foi a criação desse instrumento, e fez-se uma imersão na região da Jacú-Pêssego com participação em oficinas, eventos, visitas, entrevistas entre outros, além de levantamentos documentais e bibliográficos. A região estudada apresentou grande complexidade, devido a diversidade cultural e natural presente nos distritos. Com isto verificou-se que um TICP que abrangesse toda a região não seria adequado, mas sim a criação de mais de um TICP de dimensões menores. Toda essa construção foi realizada de forma coletiva, pois essa também é uma das bases do TICP. / In 2014, a potentially innovative instrument in the form of urban management, TICP - Territory of Culture and Landscape Interest, was inserted in the Strategic Master Plan PDE of the city of São Paulo. This instrument considers aspects of memory, affective, cultural and landscape in the management of the city. The EDP has established two TICPs, but makes clear that others can be created and delimited. Based on this possibility of creating new TICPs, this work aims to verify the potential for the creation of a TICP in the eastern zone of São Paulo, specifically in the region near Jacú-Pêssego avenue. For this, he sought to understand how the instrument was created and immersed in the Jacú-Pêssego region with participation in workshops, events, visits, interviews among others, as well as documentary and bibliographical surveys. The studied region presented a very great complexity, due to the cultural and natural diversity present in the districts. With this it was verified that a TICP covering the whole region would not be adequate, but rather the creation of more than one TICP minor. All this construction was carried out collectively, as this is also one of the bases of TICP.

A presente pesquisa dedica-se ao estudo da história da formação territorial da Colômbia tendo como ponto de partida a obra do historiador, geógrafo e cartógrafo Francisco Javier Vergara y Velasco (1860-1914). Foca-se na análise da sua obra principal, a Nueva Geografía de Colombia, publicada sua versão definitiva em 1902. Esta pesquisa não apenas revela a Vergara como um autor erudito e crítico, mas demostra que o seu pensamento geográfico não encaixava dentro dos parâmetros das ideologias geográficas dominantes no país no período. Também, esta pesquisa faz um trabalho de exploração conceitual, consagrado à construção de categorias que permitam uma compreensão cada vez melhor das complexas relações entre as ciências geográficas, as instituições estatais e os processos de formação territorial. / This research is about the history of the territorial conformation of Colombia using as a departure point the work of the historian, geographer and cartographer Francisco Javier Vergara y Velasco (1860-1914). It is dedicated to the analysis o his main work, the Nueva Geografía de Colombia, published in its definitive version in 1902. This research not only reveals Vergara as an erudite and critical author, but it demonstrates that his geographical thought didnt fitted into the patterns of the geographical ideologies dominating at that period. Also, this research makes a conceptual exploration work, consecrated to the development of categories that allows an even-better comprehension of the complex relationships between geographic sciences, institutions from the State and territorial conformation.

This thesis has as its origins a desire by the Ministerial Advisory Council on Adult and Community Education in the Australian Capital Territory to learn more about the sector with whom they interact. There was a clear perception that, due to its diversity, a strong reliance on volunteers and an underlying mistrust of beaurocracy, the sector was quite poorly delineated. If this was in fact the case, then the capacity of the Council to support the sector - for example through the grants scheme - was being greatly handicapped. In the case of grants, it was known that requests commonly outnumbered available grant funds by three or four to one. What was not known was the extent of other worthwhile ACE activity that was either electing not to apply for funding or was simply unaware that the facility even existed. The research, based on the results of a broad ranging questionnaire distributed to all known ACE providers in the ACT, has furthered the level of understanding of the sector. The research approach was modeled on the South Australian Pathfinder Project (1996). Key findings include that: ? the ACE sector is extremely diverse and active in the ACT; ? it is client focussed in that it develops its programs in response to the identified needs of its target group(s); ? in the twelve months covered by the survey there were over 190 000 attendees in ACE programs; ? a range of programs are available to most community groups; ? there is a strong reliance on volunteers; ? the sector generally feels that there is a demand for even more programs than are currently offered; ? many individual providers do not see themselves as part of the overall ACE sector. While there are some marked similarities between the ACT ACE sector and the South Australian findings, there also some clear differences. For example, many of the factors that restrict access to ACE in other parts of Australia are less relevant to the ACT. An example of this is that travel distances/times for participants to access programs are generally less of a problem in the ACT than in some other jurisdictions due to the small area and the concentration of population in the ACT.

This thesis draws on the documentary historical record to examine the interactions between the indigenous Larrakia people and the white settlers in the colonial township of Darwin between the years 1869 and 1911. The colonial recognition of the Larrakia as the traditional owners of lands in the Darwin region and the historical question of their land rights is discussed in some detail. Rather than seeing interactions between the Larrakia and the colonisers as polarised into either accommodation or resistance, this thesis looks at various interactions to highlight the complexities of the encounter. One of the more complex of their interactions was the negotiation of what is best described as an abstruse alliance which benefited both the Larrakia and the colonisers in various ways. The colonisation of the Darwin region had a considerable impact on the Larrakia people's ability to live on their country as they had done prior to the invasion. This thesis seeks to understand the negotiations, compromises and decisions the Larrakia made to survive in their changing landscape. Another complexity that is highlighted in this thesis is the tension within the white settler population about how to deal with what was presented as the 'Aboriginal problem'. This thesis shows that the ideology of compensating Aboriginal people for having invaded their land and undermining their means of subsistence was understood and condoned by the colonisers. The distribution of government rations, the allocation of reserves and the ongoing recognition of the Larrakia's right to be within the township were all ways that some colonisers attempted to compensate Aborigines for invading their land. This thesis shows that while the Larrakia people were recognised as the prior occupants of Darwin and, as such, accorded a distinct status within the township in the whole period under study, the colonisers ultimately failed to give tangible expression to the Larrakia's land rights.

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The affect of restructuring of organizations on individuals is an area of change that has received little attention from researchers. The literature points to a number of factors that influence how individuals cope with transition. Theorists agree that stages are an intregal part of this process. This study outlines the changes experienced in the ACT Technical and Further Education system between 1987 and 1989- It focuses on the stages model and how individuals perceived themselves moving through particular levels of stages during this time of change. Data from a questionnaire completed by 259 ACT Institute of Technical and Further Education teachers was analysed along with observations and documents produced during 1987 to 1989. Results of the analysis show that individuals felt powerless and alienated by the process of transition. They moved across the stages in a cyclical motion, returning to earlier stages as each new event during the transition impinged on their working lives.

The review of the literature, which constitutes Part I of the Field Study, sees the changing role; of the principal as an evolutionary process, and traces this process from the early years of the nineteenth century (when schooling was private and independent) through the middle years of this same century and onwards (the growth of public education) up to modern times. The review studies in depth the literature of the past fifteen to twenty years, and avers that the literature of this period indicates that the expected role of the principal, today, is one of leadership. It discusses the behaviour characteristics of leadership and suggests that, depending upon the degree to which these characteristics are present in the leader's behaviour, various typical leaders may be described. Finally, the review postulates future trends in the role of principal and predicts also, the possible eventual demise of this administrative position. Part II of the Field Study contains the findings of a survey of the primary school principals of the Australian Capital Territory - both government and non-government. This survey, which involved the completion of a questionnaire consisting of three sections, was designed to provide information regarding the role - functions and work-load of the principal, his leadership characteristics, and his perceptions and predictions regarding change. From this information significant inferences are drawn concerning the role-perceptions and role-expectations of the primary principal in the A.C.T. Inferences drawn from the data of Section A of the questionnaire concern time; priorities of various role-functions, preferred approaches,to role-functions involving human relationships, the degree of acceptance of the implication of the policies of the A.C.T. Schools Authority, and attitudes towards professional development. The data of Section B provides information from which inferences regarding the leadership characteristics of the principals are drawn, and Section C data provides material lending support for the postulates of both the previous sections. The concluding section discusses the implications of these findings for the present and future roles of the principal in the A.C.T., and suggests possible areas for further research.