Nesta dissertação, apresentamos um panorama teórico das propostas de sistemas interativos no live electronics, bem como, os autores discutem e consideram a formulação de interação e interatividade dessa prática. Para isso, iniciaremos com uma breve retrospectiva do que consideramos como live electronics e do que consideramos interação até chegar no atual estado dessa vertente musical. Assim, apresentamos os pontos de discussão acerca de Robert Rowe, Garth Paine, Simon Emmerson, Philippe Manoury e Agostino DiSpio, na qual discutem sobre esta área de composição. Conseguinte, realizamos uma exposição sobre a perspectiva semiológica, nos fundamentando na teoria elaborada por C. S. Peirce, para que entendamos como o fenômeno musical por meio desse viés. Assim, expor a emergência de significação para que possamos compreender como o modelo tripartido de Jean Molino nos inspirou para relacionar suas respectivas dimensões dos processos poiéticos, estésicos e o nível neutro dentro da tríade peirciana de significação. Por fim, realizamos uma análise dos métodos composicionais da obra Traverser la réseau, baseados nas questões expostas sobre a tripartição aplicada para este fim numa obra do tipo live electronics. / In this research, we present a theoretical overview of the proposals of interactive systems in live electronics music, as well as, how the authors who discuss this matter consider interaction on this type of music. To do this, we start with a brief retrospective of what we consider live electronics and what we consider what interaction is until the actual state of discussion to get to the current state of this musical strand. Thus, we present some points of discussion about Robert Rowe, Garth Paine, Simon Emerson, Philippe Manoury and Agostino DiScipio which discuss this area of composition. Consequently, we conduct a exposition about the semiological vision, based on the theory elaborated by C. S. Peirce, for the understanding of the musical phenomenon through this view. Thus, from an emergence of signification for a tripartite model of Jean Molino, we will be inspired to identify the perspective of the poietic, estesic processes and the neutral level within the Peircian triad of signification. Thus, we can have a statistical analysis of the interactive processes of a live electronic work. Finally, we performed an analysis of the processes of the peace called Traverser la r´eseau, based on the questions on tripartition applied for this purpose in a work of type live electronics.

Cette recherche relève de la sociologie politique et aborde la musique, objet peu commun en politologie. Elleexamine le rebetiko, une musique populaire urbaine grecque, en postulant que l’analyse de musiques populairesoffre un accès privilégié aux représentations ambivalentes du pouvoir, à la participation au politique et à salégitimation. La construction d’un cadre théorique dynamique, capable de prendre en compte le changementincessant, tant musical que social, et de faire fusionner forme et contenu, approches extérieures et intérieures,conduit à adopter une méthode plurielle : historique, musicale et sociologique. La première partie propose derevisiter l’histoire du rebetiko, d’examiner ses conditions de production et sa réception pour la période quis’étend de la fin du XIXe à l’aube du XXIe siècle. A travers des articles de presse, je mets en évidence laconstruction et la fluidité de cette catégorie musicale, sa place dans l’ensemble plus large de la musiquepopulaire, ainsi que les processus de son authentification et traditionalisation. Un corpus de vingt-cinq chansons,encore populaires aujourd’hui, est ensuite analysé. Y sont décelés emprunts et appropriations, traces du passé,mais aussi potentiels oublis de réserve. Enfin, j’explore la réception actuelle du rebetiko et interprète différentsrécits tissés sur cette musique, recueillis grâce à la méthode des entretiens collectifs non-directifs enrichie parl’écoute d’extraits musicaux. Tout au long du parcours, des passerelles entre le musical et le social sont établies.Echafaudées à partir et dans le rebetiko, de multiples configurations identitaires et mémorielles dévoilentl’ambiguïté des divisions et des transformations de la société grecque. / This research derives from political sociology and is concerned with music, an uncommon entity in regard topolitical science. It explores rebetiko, an urban kind of Greek popular music, and postulates that the analysis ofpopular music offers a privileged access to the ambiguous representations of authority, to the participation topolitics and its legitimation. Constructing a dynamic theoretical frame, capable of undertaking constant change,musical and social, as well as capable of integrating form and content, external and internal approaches, resultsin adopting a pluralistic methodology: historical, musical and sociological. The first part attempts to revisit thehistory of rebetiko, to study the conditions of its production and reception during the period extending from theend of the 19th up to the dawn of the 20th century. Through press articles, I intend to highlight the constructionand fluidity of this musical category, its place in the broad entity of popular music, as well as the process of itsauthentication and its adherence to tradition. Furthermore, a corpus of twenty-five songs, still popular to this day,is analysed. Loans and adaptations are detected, traces of the past, as well as “reserved oblivion” (oublis deréserve). Finally, I survey the actual appreciation of rebetiko and interpret various stories told about this kind ofmusic, being collected by means of collective, non-directive interviews, enriched with the listening of musicalexcerpts. All along the way bridges are being built between the musical and the social realms; scaffolding in andout of rebetiko, multiple identity and memory configurations unveil the ambiguity of divisions andtransformations of the Greek society.

Evagre le Pontique a exposé sa philosophie ascétique, centrée sur la notion d'une liste de vices à combattre et de vertus correspondantes, dans plusieurs traités, dont certains ont déjà fait l'objet d'éditions critiques. Le présent travail consiste en une introduction, une édition, et une traduction de deux textes occupant une place particulière dans l'œuvre d'Evagre. Le traité adressé au moine Euloge, et celui qui décrit les Vices opposés aux Vertus, qui apparaît comme un appendice au précédent dans une bonne partie de la tradition manuscrite, présente des spécificités en termes de style et de doctrine qui ont pu faire douter de son authenticité. Une étude approfondie des témoins manuscrits, à la fois de l'original grec et des différentes versions en langues orientales, syriaque, arabe, arménien, géorgien et éthiopien, qui en sont conservées, a permis de confirmer l'authenticité du traité et d'en établir un texte sûr. Ils ont en effet subi de nombreux aléas au cours de leur transmission; outre les dégâts matériels, les œuvres d'Evagre ont surtout circulé en grec sous le nom de Nil d'Ancyre, en raison de la condamnation qui a frappé Evagre, pour son Origénisme supposé, au concile de Constantinople II en 553. Le commentaire accompagnant l'édition permet d'évaluer la proximité de la pensée d'Evagre avec celle du docteur Alexandrin, ainsi que de mettre en lumière la genèse, l'expression et la postérité de la doctrine évagrienne par excellence, celle de la liste des vices, dans le contexte philosophique et ascétique où elle a pris naissance. / Evagrius Ponticus expounded his ascetic philosophy, centered on the notion of a list of vices and corresponding virtues, in several treatises, several of which have already been critically edited. The present work consists of an introduction, an edition, and a French translation of two texts which stand out, to a certain degree, within the Evagrian opus. The treatise addressed to the monk Eulogius, along with its appendix describing the Vices opposed to Virtues, which appears adjoined to the former in a majority of manuscripts, display stylistic and doctrinal characteristics which have often called its authenticity into question. A detailed study of the manuscript testimony, both of the Greek original and of the various oriental versions (Syriac, Arabic, Armenian, Georgian and Ethiopic), has allowed us to confirm the treatises' authenticity and to establish their text reliably, as it can be seen to have suffered considerable turmoil during its transmission. Aside from material damage, Evagrius' works, in the Greek medium, were mainly distributed under the name of Nilus of Ancyra, owing to Evagrius' condemnation for alleged Origenism, at the council of Constantinople II in 553. The accompanying commentary aims at addressing the proximity of Evagrian thought with the legacy of Origen, as well as highlighting the formation, formulation, and posterity of that most remarkable of Evagrian doctrines, the list of vices, and the philosophical and ascetic context wherein it originated.

La thèse en question trace un parcours comparatif sur les approches créatrices et technologiques qui ont été développées au GRM (Groupe de Recherches Musicales) et à l’EMS (Elektronmusikstudion) de 1965 à 1980. Cette recherche vise à étudier les interactions principales entre les concepts musicaux des pionniers des musiques électroacoustiques en France et en Suède, Pierre Schaeffer et Knut Wiggen et l’évolution des directions artistiques au sein de leur institutions. Notre étude sera traitée en fonction de deux approches méthodologiques empruntées par la linguistique, diachronique et synchronique : dans la première partie de la thèse, nous ferons une synthèse historique des genres musicaux qui ont influencé les directions artistiques du GRM et de l’EMS ainsi que la comparaison de leur organisation institutionnelle concernant la création musicale, la recherche technologique et les réflexions de Schaeffer et de Wiggen. Par la suite, la deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur l’analyse musicale des œuvres sélectionnées dans le corpus du GRM et de l’EMS. Cette étude synchronique s’appuie ainsi sur le problème de l’analyse des musiques acousmatiques. En suivant la théorie tripartite de J. Molino développée par J.J. Nattiez et S. Roy concernant les niveaux poïétique-neutre-esthésique d’une œuvre d’art, une reconstruction d’une trace visuelle est réalisée dans le cadre de l’analyse du niveau neutre au moyen des symboles graphiques de Lasse Thoresen inspiré par la typo-morphologie de Schaeffer. Les résultats tirés de cette analyse serviront de justification avec les données poïétiques externes pour la comparaison finale des significations hypothétiques des pièces. En conclusion, le but de cette thèse est d’explorer une méthode d’analyse inspirée par la sémiologie tripartite pour une meilleure compréhension des musiques acousmatiques et d’établir une documentation historique sur le(s) style(s) musicaux qui prédominent majoritairement les années 1960 et 1970 au GRM et à l’EMS en fonction du développement technologique. / The current research is a comparative study investigating the development of creative and technological approaches at GRM (Groupe de Recherches Musicales) and EMS (Elektronmusikstudion) from 1965 to 1980. The thesis examines the main interactions between two pioneers of electroacoustic music in France and in Sweden, namely, Pierre Schaeffer and Knut Wiggen and the evolution of artistic directions within their institutions. The comparative method borrows two main perspectives from linguistics, such as diachronic and synchronic. To this direction, the first part of the thesis evaluates a sort of historical synthesis of musical genres, which lead the artistic directions of those two studios, including their institutional organization, musical creation, technological research as well as Schaeffer’s and Wiggen’s musical concepts. The second part of the thesis focuses on pioneer works analysis in order to explore closely compositional ideas and the problem of acousmatic music analysis. The analysis method is based on Jean Molino’s tripartite theory developed by J.J. Nattiez (poietic/neutral/esthesic level of an art work) and Stéphane Roy, which contributes to analyze the compositional structure, organization and the composer’s style related to technological equipment of the studios. The first step of music analysis reconstructs a sort of transcription within the neutral level analysis by means of Lasse Thoresen’s graphical symbols inspired by Schaeffers’s typo-morphology. The second step seeks to confront the neutral level results with external poietic information in order to explore and to compare some hypothetical significations of analyzed musical pieces. In conclusion, the end goal is to determine a methodology inspired by the tripartite theory for an in-depth understanding of acousmatic music analysis and to establish a historical documentation on French and Swedish electroacoustic music within the development of technology.

[pt] A tarefa à qual nos propomos, nesta tese, é examinar as várias concepções de Livro X da República. Aparecerão, nesta pesquisa, expondo controvérsias sobre o verdadeiro teor do Livro X, nada menos do que vinte e cinco intérpretes que, em algum momento de suas próprias trajetórias, se viram obrigados a pensar o Livro X como uma obra que gira em torno: (1) ou da mística platônica, (2) ou da medicina asclepíade a partir da qual Sócrates aparece como capaz curar a cidade, cura essa passível de ser pensada como a própria filosofia; e/ou (3) de uma poética platônica. Haja visto o conflito passível de levar à ruína do elemento racional (logistikon, R.X, 605b5) da cidade, e, por analogia, da alma, ser diagnosticada no Livro X da República, quisemos tornar possível nossa defesa do Livro X como uma obra que versa sobre a alma. Defende-se, com esse estudo, o caráter tripartite da alma como o remédio (phármakon) para a cidade, que, por analogia à alma doente, precisaria de uma ortodoxia. Em busca dessa ortodoxia no Livro X, re-descobrimos o perigo, a cada vez reiterado por Sócrates, da bipartição tomar a cidade de assalto. O método para se sair desse perigo, e encontrar repouso, como buscamos sustentar, envolve a tese da tripartição da alma. Pensar a parte da alma que os poetas visam já é parte da pesquisa de importantes intérpretes da Academia Contemporânea. Nós, aqui, nos apoiamos em Ivana Costa e em Thomas Robinson para investigar, dentre as três partes da alma, qual seria a nomeada alogistikon no Livro X. Deduzem esses intérpretes que essa parte da alma deve ser a mesma referida nos Livros IV e IX pelo termo epithymetikon. Descobrir se essa é a parte da alma que precisa ser curada será parte de nossa investigação. / [en] The task we set ourselves, in this thesis, is to examine the variousconceptions of the Republic s Book X. In this research, exposing controversies about the true content of Book X, no less than twenty-five interpreters willappear as people who, at some point in their own trajectories, were forced to thinkabout Book X as a work that is about: (1) platonic mysticism; (2) asclepiadmedicine, from which Socrates appears as capable of healing the city, a cure that can be thought of as philosophy itself; and/or (3) a poetics called platonic. Havingseen the conflicto that ruins with the city s rational element (logistikon, R.X.,605b5) and, by analogy, that conceives the soul s diagnosis in the Republic s Book X, we wanted to make our defense of Book X as being about soul possible.This study defends the soul s tripartite character as the remedy (pharmakon) forthe city, which, by analogy, with the sick soul, would need an orthodoxy. In the search for this orthodoxy in Book X, we re-discover the danger, each time reiterated by Socrates, of bipartition assaulting the city. The method of getting out of this danger and finding rest, as we want to maintain, involves the thesis of thesoul s tripartition. Thinking about the part of the soul to what the poets seem tolook forward as the part that needs to be cured is already an important task of research in the Contemporary Academy. We, here, rely on Ivana Costa andThomas Robinson s work to investigate among the three parts of the soul, whichis named alogistikon in Book X. These interpreters deduce that this part of thesoul must be the same as that one referred to in Books IV and IX by the termepithymetikon. Finding out if this is really the part of the soul that needs to behealed is part of our investigation. / [fr] La tâche que nous nous sommes fixée, dans la thèse ici, se preste a examinerles différentes conceptions du Livre X de La République. Exposant les controverses sur le vrai contenu du Livre X, n apparaîtront pas que moins devingt-cinq interprètes qui, à un moment donné de leur propre trajectoire, ont été contraints de penser le Livre X comme une oeuvre qui s articule autour de : (1) oule mysticisme platonicien; (2) ou la médecine asclépiade dont Socrate apparaît comme capable de guérir la cité, une cure qui peut être pensée comme la philosophie elle-même ; et/ou (3) d une poétique platonicienne. Après avoir vu leconflit susceptible de conduire à la ruine de l élément rationnel (logistikon, R.X, 605b5) de la cité, et, par analogie, dans l âme, diagnostiqué dans le livre X de la République, nous avons voulu rendre possible notre défense du Livre X commeun travail sur l âme. L étude défend le caractère tripartite de l âme comme un remède (pharmakon) pour guérir la cité, qui, en fonction de l analogie avec l âmemalade, aurait besoin d une orthodoxie. À la recherche de cette orthodoxie dans le livre X, on redécouvre le danger, chaque fois réitéré par Socrate, de la bipartitionprendre d assaut la cité. La méthode pour sortir de ce danger et trouver le repos,comme nous cherchons à le soutenir, implique la thèse de la tripartition de l âme Réfléchir sur la partie de l âme visée par les poètes fait déjà partie des recherchesd importants interprètes de l Académie contemporaine. Nous nous appuyons icisur le travail de Ivana Costa et de Thomas Robinson pour rechercher, parmi lestrois parties de l âme, laquelle serait-il nommée alogistikon dans le livre X. Cesinterprètes en déduisent que cette partie de l âme doit-il être la même à laquelle ilest dit pouvoir être référé dans les livres IV et IX par le terme epithymetikon Découvrir si c est la partie de l âme qui a besoin de guérison fera partie de notre investigation.

Essa tese tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura alternativa do Fedro de Platão. Seu principal foco é reavaliar o esquema geral do diálogo e seus blocos textuais, considerando a pertinência e a importância de aspectos formais e temáticos da poética de Estesícoro de Himera na leitura do Fedro, especialmente a estrutura triádica de sua poesia, o tema do ídolo como substituto do ser e o poder do canto curativo. Nesse trajeto reconhecemos o desenho triádico estesicórico nas três recitações iniciais do diálogo platônico, meio pelo qual realizaremos um estudo desses blocos textuais, destacando, em seguida, as diferenças entre poética, logografia, retórica e dialética. / This thesis aims to present an alternative reading of Plato\'s Phaedrus. Its main focus is to review the general scheme of the dialogue and its textual blocks, into account the relevance and importance of formal and thematic aspects of the poetic doxography from Stesichorus of Himera in the reading of Plato\'s Phaedrus considered, especially in these regards: triadic structure of his poetry, the theme of the idol as a substitute for the being and the curative power of the chant. In this way we can recognized the stesichoric triadic design in the three initials recitations of platonic dialogue, means by which this work will conduct a study of these blocks of text, highlighting the differences between poetry, logographic, rhetoric and dialectic.

Essa tese tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura alternativa do Fedro de Platão. Seu principal foco é reavaliar o esquema geral do diálogo e seus blocos textuais, considerando a pertinência e a importância de aspectos formais e temáticos da poética de Estesícoro de Himera na leitura do Fedro, especialmente a estrutura triádica de sua poesia, o tema do ídolo como substituto do ser e o poder do canto curativo. Nesse trajeto reconhecemos o desenho triádico estesicórico nas três recitações iniciais do diálogo platônico, meio pelo qual realizaremos um estudo desses blocos textuais, destacando, em seguida, as diferenças entre poética, logografia, retórica e dialética. / This thesis aims to present an alternative reading of Plato\'s Phaedrus. Its main focus is to review the general scheme of the dialogue and its textual blocks, into account the relevance and importance of formal and thematic aspects of the poetic doxography from Stesichorus of Himera in the reading of Plato\'s Phaedrus considered, especially in these regards: triadic structure of his poetry, the theme of the idol as a substitute for the being and the curative power of the chant. In this way we can recognized the stesichoric triadic design in the three initials recitations of platonic dialogue, means by which this work will conduct a study of these blocks of text, highlighting the differences between poetry, logographic, rhetoric and dialectic.

A teoria moral platônica ganha uma nova abordagem muito mais concisa e de acordo com a realidade da prática humana. Após o período socrático, quando ele desenvolve suas teses na República, a novidade é uma teoria da alma tripartite central para a psicologia, ética e política do pensamento platônico. Descobrir o fundamento que compreenda a raison dêtre desta tripartição é crucial para se entender não apenas a psicologia, ética e política platônica, mas também a ligação com o restante de sua filosofia. Nosso objetivo é exatamente encontrar esse fundamento que julgamos tem sua explicação pela relação alma e corpo desde o momento de sua união, que tem como consequência uma economia da ação humana guiada para três tipos de objetos de desejo: o prazeroso, o belo e o bem. / The Platonic moral theory gains a new approach much more concisely and in accordance with the reality of human practice. After the Socratic period, when he develops his theses in the Republic, the novelty is a tripartite souls theory central to psychology, ethics and politics of Platonic thought. To discover the foundation that understands the raison d\'être of this tripartite partition is crucial to understand not just the psychology, the ethics and the politics of Plato, but also the link with the other fields of his philosophy. Our goal is exactly to find this foundation that we believe has its explanation by the relation between soul and body from the moment of their union, which has resulted in an economic explanation of the human action, guided to three types of objects of desire: the pleasurable, the beautiful and good.

A teoria moral platônica ganha uma nova abordagem muito mais concisa e de acordo com a realidade da prática humana. Após o período socrático, quando ele desenvolve suas teses na República, a novidade é uma teoria da alma tripartite central para a psicologia, ética e política do pensamento platônico. Descobrir o fundamento que compreenda a raison dêtre desta tripartição é crucial para se entender não apenas a psicologia, ética e política platônica, mas também a ligação com o restante de sua filosofia. Nosso objetivo é exatamente encontrar esse fundamento que julgamos tem sua explicação pela relação alma e corpo desde o momento de sua união, que tem como consequência uma economia da ação humana guiada para três tipos de objetos de desejo: o prazeroso, o belo e o bem. / The Platonic moral theory gains a new approach much more concisely and in accordance with the reality of human practice. After the Socratic period, when he develops his theses in the Republic, the novelty is a tripartite souls theory central to psychology, ethics and politics of Platonic thought. To discover the foundation that understands the raison d\'être of this tripartite partition is crucial to understand not just the psychology, the ethics and the politics of Plato, but also the link with the other fields of his philosophy. Our goal is exactly to find this foundation that we believe has its explanation by the relation between soul and body from the moment of their union, which has resulted in an economic explanation of the human action, guided to three types of objects of desire: the pleasurable, the beautiful and good.

Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Includes bibliography / Nuclear ssion is commonly known as a process where a heavy nucleus such as Uranium or Thorium decays into two fragments of roughly equal mass. On occasion however, instead of decay into two parts a process known as binary ssion, the nucleus can decay into three fragments. In this decay channel known as ternary ssion, the nucleus splits into three fragments with the third particle being too light compared to the main ssion fragments. There are also instances where heavy nuclei split into three fragments of comparable masses, the so called \true ternary ssion" as was predicted by the theoretical calculations of Strutinsky [Str63]. While theoretical predictions hold promises for this decay mode, experimental attempts had little success in proving the existence of true ternary ssion in low energy ssion. The challenges and di culties faced by experimentalist in con rming the existence of true ternary ssion also proved that this ssion mode is a very rare phenomenon. This thesis is devoted to the investigation of ternary ssion know as collinear cluster tripartition (CCT) in spontaneous ssion of 252Cf, and the design and development of two time-of- ight spectrometers aimed at identifying all collinear multi-body decay partners directly. Prior to this study the only technique that was used at identifying decay partners in CCT was the \missing mass" approach. In this approach only two partners are identi ed directly with the third partner being identi ed by subtracting the two observed partners from the initial mass of the nucleus. The experimental results from the two spectrometer setups showed that it was possible to identify all three partners of the CCT channel. The results also con rmed the existence of the so called \Sn lost" CCT mode which was already observed in earlier experiments. / National Research Foundation (NRF) / Joint Institute of Nuclear Science (JINR) / Financial support from Dr D V Kamanim / Dept of Science and Technology (DST)