Magister Artium - MA (Psychology) / Aggressive behaviour is prevalent in the South African context. This is evident in the high rates of interpersonal violence including rape, intimate partner violence and homicide. Young adults appear to be both the main perpetrators and victims of aggressive behaviour. Normative beliefs about aggression have been identified as a central factor underlying aggressive behaviour. Normative beliefs refer to an individual's cognitions about the acceptability of specific behaviours and serve to regulate actions. Despite the identified salience of normative beliefs in influencing aggressive behaviour, limited research has been conducted within South Africa on this topic. This study thus investigated normative beliefs about aggression held by young adults attending university. The study also aims to investigate whether prior exposure to trauma, self-esteem and demographic factors (e.g. age, gender and family size) predicted normative beliefs about aggression. Results indicated that exposure to traumatic events, as well as state self-esteem significantly predicted normative beliefs about aggression. Gender differences were evident in various subscales. Ethical approval to conduct this study was obtained by the Senate Higher Degrees Committee of the University of the Western Cape, as well as the University of the Western Cape registrar.

Orientadores: Anibal Faundes, Maria Jose Duarte Osis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T15:37:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prette_VilmaMariaZotareli_M.pdf: 1882344 bytes, checksum: 485f506addda27a2f6b37695bbeeab84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Introdução: O problema da violência contra as mulheres está presente nos diferentes contextos sociais e sua abordagem deve incluir as perspectivas de gênero e ética que influenciam a maneira como as mulheres são tratadas no cotidiano. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de violência de gênero e sexual e a associação entre atitude em gênero e em ética e a experiência de sofrer e perpetrar esses tipos de violência, entre alunos de uma universidade paulista. Sujeitos e métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal em se que fez análise secundária dos dados da pesquisa "Frequência e características da violência interpessoal entre alunos de graduação e pós-graduação de uma universidade paulista". Analisaram-se respostas de 2430 universitários(as) a um questionário estruturado e pré-testado, respondido diretamente em arquivo computadorizado. Os dados foram coletados e armazenados por meio do programa de computador LimeSurvey (LimeSurvey 1.49RC3), um software livre. Após encerrar a coleta, o banco de dados foi exportado para o EXCEL e em seguida para o SPSS-PC, quando foram realizadas checagens para identificar e corrigir possíveis erros lógicos. Para as análises desta dissertação, a partir do banco de dados da pesquisa original, foi constituído um outro com as informações referentes às variáveis de interesse para este estudo: independentes - atitude em gênero e em ética (em relação a si, ao outro e à comunidade universitária); dependentes - vivência de situações de violência em geral (física, emocional e/ou sexual), e especificamente violência sexual; reconhecimento de ser perpetrador de violência em geral e especificamente de gênero e sexual. Como variáveis de controle, foram incluídas características sociodemográficas dos respondentes. Análise dos dados: Nas análises bivariadas foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado, para estudar a associação entre a atitude em ética e em gênero, as características sociodemográficas e a vivência de situações de violência, tanto como vítima quanto como perpetrador. Posteriormente, foi realizada análise múltipla por regressão logística de Poisson. Resultados: Dentre as alunas, 56,3% afirmaram ter sofrido algum tipo de violência desde seu ingresso na universidade, sendo 9,4% de violência sexual; 29,9% dos alunos disseram ter perpetrado algum tipo de violência, sendo 11,4% de gênero e 3,3% de violência sexual. Menores escores de atitude em ética associaram-se a maior probabilidade dos homens serem perpetradores de violência em geral, e especificamente de gênero. Residir com pais/parentes e professar alguma religião revelaram-se fatores protetores para homens e mulheres, tanto para sofrer quanto para perpetrar violência. Conclusão: A prevalência de violência contra a mulher em geral, e especificamente de violência sexual, foi expressiva na amostra estudada, e mostrou-se associada a várias características dos(as) estudantes. Dentre os fatores protetores destacaram-se o residir com a família, a atitude em ética e a importância dada à religião / Abstract: Introduction: The problematic of violence against women is present in different social contexts and its approach should include the gender and ethics perspectives that influence the way women are treated in their daily lives. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sexual and gender violence and the association between gender and ethics attitude as well as the experience of suffering and perpetrating those kinds of violence, among students of a university in the State of São Paulo. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross-section study, which analyzed the reseach data "Frequency and characteristics of interpersonal violence among undergraduate students of a university in São Paulo State". The answers of 2430 college students to a pre-tested and structured questionnaire were analyzed. It was answered directly by the student on the internet. The data were collected and stored using a free computer program called LimeSurvey (LimeSurvey 1.49RC3). After data collection was finished, the data bank was exported to EXCEL and after that to SPSS-PC, when it was double-checked to identify and correct possible logical mistakes. In order to analyze this dissertation, another data bank was created with the variables which were of interest to this study: independent - gender and ethical attitude (related to the student and other members of the university community); dependent - experience of general violence life situations (physical, emotional and/or sexual), and specifically sexual violence; acknowledgement of being the perpetrator of general violence, specifically gender and sexual. As control variables the socio-demographic ones were included. Data analysis: Bi-variate analyses were done using the qui-square test, to study the association between ethics and gender attitudes, the social demographic characteristics and experiencing violent situations, both as victim and/or perpetrator. After that a multiple analysis by Poisson regression was carried out. Results: Among the women students, 56.3% stated they had suffered some kind of violence since they started studying at the university; 9.4% referred they had suffered sexual violence; 29.9% of the men students said they had been perpetrators of some kind of violence, of which 11.4% related to gender and 3.3% to sexual violence. Lower scores of ethical attitude were associated with a higher probability for men to be perpetrators of violence in general, specifically gender. Living with parents/relatives and professing any religion were shown to be protective factors for men and women, both to suffer and to perpetrate violence. Conclusion: Violence against women in general and specifically sexual violence was a frequentin ocurrance in the sample studied, and it was associated to several characteristics of the students. To live with the family, ethical actitude and high importance given to religion were proctecting factors or violence against women / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Tocoginecologia

Relationship satisfaction is positively related to life satisfaction and subjective well-being. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate what features that may explain satisfaction and dissatisfaction in friendship versus romantic relationships, and to compare the results. This study also aimed to examine the association between perceived loneliness and the degree of satisfaction in friendship versus romantic relationships. A questionnaire was distributed to a group of 93 university students between the ages of 18 to 41 years. Through thematic analysis it was found that balance, communication, closeness, support, trust, understanding, safety and conflict management were satisfying features in both types of relationships. Lacks of these features were found to be dissatisfying. Other dissatisfying features in romantic relationships were worry, lack of time and stress and in friendship relationships feelings of alienation and superficial relationships were dissatisfying features. Statistical analyses showed a negative association between friendship satisfaction and perceived loneliness. A tendency to a similar association with romantic relationship satisfaction emerged. Yet, there were also indications of the reverse in regard to romantic relationship satisfaction. Moreover, the possibility that friendship relationships might be more important than romantic relationships for university students in order for them not to feel lonely was discussed. / Relationstillfredsställelse har ett positivt samband med livstillfredsställelse och subjektivt välmående. Huvudsyftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka faktorer som skulle kunna förklara tillfredsställelse såväl som otillfredsställelse i vänskaps- respektive kärleksrelationer, samt jämföra dessa resultat. Studien ämnade även undersöka sambandet mellan upplevd ensamhet och graden av tillfredsställelse i vänskaps- respektive kärleksrelationer. En enkät delades ut till 93 universitetsstudenter i åldrarna 18-41 år. Genom tematisk analys framkom balans, kommunikation, närhet, stöd, tillit, förståelse, trygghet och konflikthantering som tillfredsställande faktorer i de båda relationstyperna. Brist på dessa faktorer framkom som otillfredsställande. Andra otillfredsställande faktorer i kärleksrelationer var oro, tidsbrist och stress medan känslor av utanförskap och ytliga relationer framkom som otillfredsställande i vänskapsrelationer. Statistiska analyser påvisade ett negativt samband mellan tillfredsställelse i vänskapsrelationer och upplevd ensamhet. Tendenser till ett liknande samband med tillfredsställelse i kärleksrelationer kunde ses. Trots detta fanns även indikationer för ett motsatt samband gällande tillfredsställelse i kärleksrelationer. Dessutom diskuterades möjligheten att vänskapsrelationer kan vara av större betydelse än kärleksrelationer för att universitetsstudenter inte ska känna sig ensamma.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-08T12:58:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rômulo Moreira dos Santos.pdf: 1984331 bytes, checksum: 8cbdcc2c03ce59d56b32088dc44e07ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-12T17:23:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rômulo Moreira dos Santos.pdf: 1984331 bytes, checksum: 8cbdcc2c03ce59d56b32088dc44e07ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T17:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rômulo Moreira dos Santos.pdf: 1984331 bytes, checksum: 8cbdcc2c03ce59d56b32088dc44e07ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of courses health students with an anxiety profile, as well as the drug use in public and private higher education institutions, checking possible correlations with sociodemographic and lifestyle habits. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at a public university and a private one of Municipality of Campina Grande-PB, from October 2013 to February 2014. Were used the Beck Anxiety Inventory validated for the portuguese version and a questionnaire containing academic information, sociodemographic, health status, lifestyle and medication use. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18, employing the Chi Square Test, Simple Linear Regression and Multivariate and Analysis of Variance, with a confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: The anxious profile was statistically significant when associated with the variables sex (p=0.02), color (p=0.04), marital status (p=0.02), quality of sleep (p<0.01) and alcohol consumption (p<0.01). All relationships established in the regressions were significant and the group with higher anxiety score was the smokers (21.75±15.84). Benzodiazepines (76.2%) were the most reported anxiolytic and high prevalence of selfmedication (47.4%) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although health professionals in training, the irrational use of drugs was high and is suggestive the creation of policies for the mental health of college students, in order to improve the quality of life in universities. / OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de universitários da saúde com perfil de ansiedade, assim como o uso de medicamentos, em instituições de ensino superior pública e privada, verificando possíveis correlações com dados sociodemográficos e hábitos de vida. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, realizado em uma universidade pública e uma privada do Município de Campina Grande-PB, de outubro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014, com 428 universitários. Aplicou-se o Beck Anxiety Inventory na versão validada para o português e um questionário contendo informações acadêmicas, sociodemográficas, condições de saúde, hábitos de vida e uso de medicamentos. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado empregando o Statistical Package for The Social Sciences na versão 18, através dos testes Qui Quadrado, Regressão Linear Simples, Regressão Linear Multivariada e Análise de Variância, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: O perfil ansioso foi relacionado com significância às variáveis Sexo (p=0,02), Cor (p=0,04), Estado civil (p=0,02), Qualidade do sono (p<0,01) e Etilismo (p<0,01). Todas as relações estabelecidas nas regressões foram significantes e o grupo de maior escore de ansiedade foi o dos tabagistas (21,75±15,84). Os benzodiazepínicos (76,2%) foram os ansiolíticos mais relatados e se observou alta prevalência de automedicação (47,4%). CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo sendo profissionais de saúde em formação, o uso irracional de medicamentos foi elevado e é sugestiva a criação de políticas para atenção à saúde mental dos universitários, visando a melhoria da qualidade de vida nas universidades.

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação entre atividade física e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Com esta finalidade foram pesquisados 228 estudantes universitários voluntários, sendo 59 homens e 169 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 56 anos, média de 28,7 anos (DP=8,6). Para analisar a qualidade de vida foi usado o Índice de Qualidade de Vida criado por FERRANS e POWERS (KIMURA, 1999). O instrumento elaborado por AADAHAL e JORGENSEN (SANTOS e SIMÕES, 2009) foi utilizado para medir o Nível de Atividade Física. Para análise dos dados foi estabelecido o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson entre o Índice de Qualidade de Vida e seus domínios com o Nível de Atividade Física, e ainda foi realizada regressão logística binária. Em uma escala de 0 a 30 foi encontrado 21,9 pontos de média (DP= 4,1) para o Índice de Qualidade de Vida. O Nível de Atividade Física ficou em 48,8 METs em média (DP=10,2). O coeficiente de correlação encontrado entre o Índice de Qualidade de Vida e o Nível de Atividade Física foi de 0,09. O coeficiente de correlação encontrado entre os domínios de qualidade de vida e o nível de atividade física foram: IQVsauNAF = 0,10; IQVsocNAF = 0,09; IQVpsicNAF = 0,13 e IQVfamNAF = -0,06. De acordo com os instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados e a partir dos dados encontrados conclui-se que não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre os diferentes níveis de atividade física e os diferentes índices de qualidade de vida no grupo pesquisado / The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between physical activity and quality of life of the individuals. Within this purpose 228 volunteer university students had been researched, being 59 male and 169 female, range of age between 18 and 56 years, mean of 28,7 years (SD=8,6). To analyze quality of life was used the Quality of Life Index created by FERRANS and POWERS (KIMURA, 1999).. The instrument elaborated by AADAHL and JORGENSEN (SANTOS and SIMÕES, 2009) was used to measure level of physical activity. To analyze it was established the Pearson correlation coefficient between quality of life and its domains with level of physical activity, along with binary logistic regression. In a scale from 0 to 30 were found 21,9 points as mean (SD=4,1) for the Quality of Life Index QLI. The Physical Activity Level PAL reached 48,8 METs (SD=10,2). The correlation coefficient between quality of life and level of physical activity was 0,09. The correlation coefficients found between domains of quality of life and level of physical activity had been: QLIhealthy PAL=0,10; QLIsocialPAL=0,09; QLIpsycologicPAL=0,13 and QLIfamiliarPAL = -0,06. According the instruments used on this research and the data collected no significant statistical relationship was found between different levels of physical activity and the different indexes of quality of life

Este estudo teve por objeto a percepção de risco pessoal e a conduta sexual preventiva em relação a AIDS de estudantes universitários da região da Grande São Paulo. Realizou-se um \"survey analítico\", cujos dados foram obtidos a partir de uma amostra de 1039 estudantes de cursos das áreas de Ciências Exatas e Ciências Humanas, selecionada pelo critério da intencionalidade. Como instrumento de medida utilizou-se um questionário auto-aplicado, com questões elaboradas a partir de estudo exploratório. Os resultados indicaram que os estudantes apresentam-se bem informados acerca dos modos de transmissão da AIDS e consideram-na uma doença muito grave, embora considerem pequena a probabilidade de virem a contraí-la. Menos de metade dos estudantes declararam ter usado camisinha na relações sexuais mantidas nos últimos trinta dias, sendo essa proporção menor em relação às moças. Não foram verificadas relações significativas entre conhecimentos sobre AIDS e percepção de risco de contraí-la, porém os estudantes que admitiram conhecer menos a respeito são os que se percebem mais suscetíveis à AIDS. Os estudantes cuja percepção de risco em relação à AIDS é maior são os que apresentaram atitudes mais favoráveis aos homossexuais e os que avaliaram menos negativamente a conduta sexual dos pacientes de AIDS. O fato de admitir a gravidade da AIDS, no entanto, parece não conduzir a condutas sexuais preventivas. Os estudantes cuja conduta sexual denota maior risco são os que manifestaram maior propensão à crença de que a AIDS está relacionada ao homossexualismo. A aceitação de que a camisinha reduz o prazer nas relações sexuais está relacionada ao menor número de parceiros. Sugere-se que sejam desenvolvidos programas destinados a universitários que enfatizem aspectos afetivos e que procurem descaracterizar a AIDS como doença relacionada a grupos de risco. Sugere-se também que esses programas envolvam a participação dos pares. / This study focused the perception of personal risk and preventive sexual behavior related to AIDS concerning university students attending schools at the Great São Paulo region, State of São Paulo, Brazil. An analytical survey was carried out with a sample constituted of 1039 students attending courses on the fields of Exact Sciences and Human Sciences. The sample obeyed the criterion of intentionality. An exploratory study aiming the elaboration of questions preceded the measuring tool of this survey, which comprehended a self-applied questionnaire. Data disclosed that the students present themselves as well informed on the ways of AIDS transmission. Although considering AIDS a very serious disease, they indicate a low probability of coming to get it. Less than half the students report having used condom in theirs sexual intercourse in the last thirty days, this proportion is lower when young women are considered. No significant relationships were found out between AIDS knowledge and perception of the risk of coming to get it; however, the students who admit having less knowledge about AIDS are the ones who perceive themselves as more susceptible to it. On the other hand, the students whose risk perception in relation to AIDS is higher are the ones who present more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals and who have a less negative evaluation regarding the sexual behavior of AIDS patients. Notwithstanding, admitting the seriousness of AIDS seem does not necessarily imply preventive sexual behaviors. Students whose sexual behavior points to a higher risk are the ones who display a higher degree of adherence to the belief that AIDS is related to homosexuality. The statement that the condom reduces pleasure in the sexual intercourse is related to a lesser number of sexual partners. Taking in view the results of the survey, the Author suggests the development of programs targeted to university students emphasizing affective aspects and attempting to deprive AIDS of the characteristic of being seen as a disease related to risk groups. It is also proposed that these programs get the participation of the peers.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The study aimed to describe the knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccine of female university students and to determine the predictors of vaccine acceptability. The study found that 70% of the participants were sexually active. Awareness and knowledge on HPV/vaccine were poor; with only 22% being aware of HPV and that a HPV vaccine was available in South Africa. A greater proportion (80%) reported willingness to be vaccinated. Being aware of the existence of a pap smear, higher knowledge about HPV, higher perceived vaccine effectiveness and higher perceived severity of HPV infection were significantly associated with increased willingness to be vaccinated. / South Africa

This thesis tests the validity of three theories purporting to explain the attrition of stop outs -- why students interrupt their studies with the intent to return to school. Data were gathered at two schools, Portland State University and Reed College. Two theories, those of social class and involvement, were tested at each school as contending explanations of attrition by path analysis of parsimonious models derived by factor analysis. These theories were found to explain little of the variance of attendance pattern (less than 4.3 percent) at either school. No particular lines of causation could be demonstrated at either school. The third theory, that of career planning, asserts that students interrupt their studies to re-evaluate their course of action upon recognizing that chances of employment in their field are not good. This proposition was supported by the data at Portland State University.

This study compares the instructional, academic support, and student services needs of international and American students at Portland State University (PSU), Portland, Oregon. Variables measured include the perceived importance of university-related services, and the level of satisfaction with services received. A questionnaire with 26 background questions and 41 service-related items for ranking and discussion was mailed to 225 undergraduate international students and 225 undergraduate American students, with a response rate of 52%. Responses were tabulated to ascertain demographic profile of PSU students, importance of university services to international students at PSU, current level of satisfaction of international students in regards to university services received, importance of the various university services to U.S. students at PSU, current level of satisfaction of U.S. students in regards to these university services, if U.S. and international students at PSU differ in the importance they assign to university services, if U.S. and international students differ in their level of satisfaction with services at PSU, relationship between perceived importance and level of satisfaction for U.S. and international students, relationship between perceived importance and level of satisfaction for international students, perceived reasons for dissatisfaction concerning service quality for U.S. and international students, and any suggestions these students have for improving the quality of services. Respondents' descriptive characteristics were reported and tabulated as background information. Frequency distribution, the chi square test of significance, and means were calculated using responses to queries about the service-quality items, and responses of international and American students were compared. Major findings included that there are many areas of agreement between international and American students. However, significant differences were found: 2 "need" items under instruction, 5 "need" items under academic support, and 13 "need" items under student services. Focus group interviews were also conducted. Researchers can use this additional data to develop theories about answers given; university administrators could use this information to develop programs to ameliorate perceived problems, or make changes in the quality or delivery of existing student services.

This study examined the heuristic value of applying the organizational model of Jablin, Putnam, Roberts, and Porter (1987), who studied newcoming employees assimilating into an organization, to the study of newcoming students integrating into an educational institution. Three hundred and fifty-five college students were surveyed. I used an adapted version of Mowday, Porter, and Steer's (1982) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Two hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis One states: The higher the level of expressed commitment the more likely it is that the student will express the intention to remain. Hypothesis Two states: Within Terms One, Two, and Three, the higher the level of expressed commitment, the more likely it is that the student will express an intention to remain. A Pearson Correlation test revealed no significant correlation between commitment and intent to remain for either hypotheses. The high percentage of the subjects who reported that they were 80 to 100 percent certain that they intended to remain and receive their degree yet whose commitment levels were low, suggest that personal goal commitment to receiving their degree is stronger than commitment to the institution. Commitment to the institution was not supported. Therefore, it was determined that the organizational model had little heuristic value in leading to a clearer understanding of the integration process of college students. However, the survey was distributed to students attending an urban university. This element alone may be a mitigating factor in students' institutional commitment.