The Prefecture of Pella bought Heirachabis in 1895 and occupied it in 1898. This marked the beginning of the Mission in the South. The Oblates of Mary Immaculate officially started on 8 December 1896. They were allowed to minister among the Europeans and among Africans, not ministered to by a Protestant Mission. The first expansion was at Klein Windhoek, and at Swakopmund being the gateway to the Protectorate. The Tswana invited the Mission to help them after they had arrived from the Cape. Aminuis and Epukiro were founded. After 1905 the Mission was allowed to open stations among the Herera and Damara. Doebra, Gobabis, Usakos, Omaruru, and Okombahe were the result. Seven expeditions were undertaken to reach Kavango. After many failures the first mission became a reality at Nyangana in 1910. Just before the war the expansion reached Grootfontein, Tsumeb and Kokasib. In the South missions were opened at Warmbad, Gabis, Keetmanshoop, Luederitz and Gibeon. World War I scattered the African population of the towns which disturbed the missionary work. The S. A. Administration allowed most missionaries to stay. After the Peace Conference S. W. A. became a Mandate of S. A. In 1924 permission was granted to enter Owambo. The first station was opened in Ukuambi, later followed by Ombalantu and Okatana. In 1926 the Prefecture of Lower Cimbebasia was elevated to the Vicariate of Windhoek, while the Prefecture of Great Namaqualand became the Vicariate of Keetmanshoop in 1930. World War II left the missionary activities undisturbed. In 1943 Magistrate Trollop in Caprivi invited the Catholic Mission in 1943 to come and open educational and health facilities. The South expanded into Stampriet, Witkrans, Aroab, Mariental. The election victory in 1948 in South Africa of the Afrikaner Parties with the resulting apartheid legislation negatively affected the missions in S. W. A. After 1965 the influence of Vatican II became noticeable, while the pressure of the United Nations Organisation moved the territory towards independence. While initially the Catholic Church had been very cautious, in the ?O's and 80's she took a very definite stand in favour of human rights. She also became a full member of the CCN. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-21T08:58:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Célia Maria Ribeiro.pdf: 1742445 bytes, checksum: a8dea33a0619c23b8118adceaf216235 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T08:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Célia Maria Ribeiro.pdf: 1742445 bytes, checksum: a8dea33a0619c23b8118adceaf216235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work introduces Pope Francis ministry in a different light, an approach which has not been usually adopted, so far: Ignatian spirituality. From the start, it narrates Jorge Mario Bergoglio’s spiritual and intellectual backgrounds, which were firstly incorporated from his own family and further developed when he joined in the Society of Jesus. His trajectory as a clergyman highlights his struggles with his fellow brothers in his religious congregation, where he experienced both setbacks and advancements, especially, when we consider the Latin America historical context at the time, during which Argentina, where he was born and raised, was under a military dictatorship. Nevertheless, in spite of all the political tensions, his decisions always go in the direction of pastoral work and spiritual discernment. Following that, this work highlights the Second Vatican Council major influence over the Church new policies in our contemporary cultural scenario, a context full of challenges which were long felt in the successive Church crisis. This was an important aspect for Pope Benedict XVI resignation, which is also assessed in this work, a resignation that was followed by the conclave ending up in the election of the first Jesuit Pope. The circumstances for his choice and the facts triggered by the new Bishop of Rome, beginning with his decision to be called “Francis” and advancing to the traits of his Petrine ministry, are taken into account, especially in the light of Ignatian spirituality, when references to time, places and people are underlined. Nevertheless, it is a work that introduces Pope Francis inner language in the context of his outspoken life / Este trabalho apresenta o ministério do Papa Francisco sob um enfoque com poucos precedentes, até então: a espiritualidade inaciana. De início, narra a formação espiritual e intelectual de Jorge Mario Bergoglio, obtida a partir de sua própria família e desenvolvimento na Companhia de Jesus. Em sua trajetória, destacam-se as nuances e os reveses da convivência na congregação religiosa, sobretudo, no contexto latino-americano, em decorrência da ditadura militar na Argentina, país de sua origem e crescimento pessoal e eclesial; assim como as tensões para a tomada de decisão, porém sempre baseada no discernimento espiritual e pastoral. A seguir, sinaliza para a influência do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II na reorientação da Igreja e na relação com a cultura contemporânea, repleta de desafios, os quais foram sentidos na longa crise da instituição milenar. Este, um aspecto considerado relevante na renúncia do Papa Bento XVI, também abordado na pesquisa, seguido do conclave que culminou na eleição do primeiro Papa jesuíta. As circunstâncias de sua escolha e os fatos desencadeados pelo novo Bispo de Roma, desde a opção por chamar-se “Francisco” às características próprias do seu ministério petrino, são levados em consideração, especialmente à luz da espiritualidade inaciana, quando se assinalam as referências aos tempos, lugares e pessoas. Contudo, trata-se de um trabalho que analisa a linguagem interior do Papa Francisco baseada na exterioridade de sua vida

PORTO, Márcio de Souza. Modernidade e Catolicismo: o episcopado de Dom José Medeiros Delgado no Ceará (1963-1973). 2014. 241f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-28T17:10:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014-TESE-MSPORTO.pdf: 11996772 bytes, checksum: e34d8494b601d043ac74c63ec83a92a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-04-01T11:12:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014-TESE-MSPORTO.pdf: 11996772 bytes, checksum: e34d8494b601d043ac74c63ec83a92a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-01T11:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014-TESE-MSPORTO.pdf: 11996772 bytes, checksum: e34d8494b601d043ac74c63ec83a92a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / In Brazil, the modernizing impact of the 1950s and 1960s and the victory of the Cuban Revolution in 1959, has produced fears within the conservative sectors of Brazilian society, especially for the Catholic church. In these years, two perspectives of interpretation about those signs of modernity had been solidified and radicalized: one from liberal hue which argued that the Church should be open to new times; another, inherently conservative, was articulated in order to disqualifying efforts on update and insertion of the Church on problematic of Brazilian reality. The first stream, was named the "Catholic Left" for defending theses that could cause disruptions in the socioeconomic structure that kept the country in the list of underdeveloped nations and has its origin in movements led by bishops, priests and laity, especially from the Northeast, such as "Movement from Natal", the creation of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (CNBB) and the "Basic Education Movement". At that historical moment, the Second Vatican Council, convened by Pope John XXIII, assumes before the Catholic Church a position of openness, dialogue with the world and challenge of an aggiornamento, inspiring new designs to Catholicism, corroborating, somehow, some actions already developed by pastoral from Church in Brazil, especially in the Northeast. The main scope of this thesis is to narrate the major social, political and pastoral issues that marked the passing of Don Jose de Medeiros Delgado by Archbishop of Fortaleza, between the 1960s and 1970s decades. / No Brasil o impacto modernizador das décadas de 1950 e 1960 e a vitória da Revolução Cubana em 1959, produziram temores no seio dos setores conservadores da sociedade brasileira, em especial para a Igreja Católica. Nesses anos, solidificaram-se e radicalizaram-se duas perspectivas de interpretação daqueles sinais da modernidade: uma, de matiz liberal defendia que a Igreja deveria ser aberta aos novos tempos; outra, de natureza conservadora, articulava-se no sentido de desqualificar os esforços de atualização e de inserção da Igreja nas problemáticas da realidade brasileira. A primeira corrente, passou a ser denominada de “esquerda católica” por defender teses capazes de provocar rupturas na estrutura socioeconômica que mantinha o país no rol das nações subdesenvolvidas e tem sua origem em movimentos liderados por bispos, padres e leigos, principalmente da região Nordeste, tais como o Movimento de Natal, a criação da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB) e o Movimento de Educação de Base. Naquele momento histórico, o Concílio Vaticano II, convocado por João XXIII assume diante da Igreja uma posição de abertura, de diálogo com o mundo e de provocação de um aggiornamento, inspirando novos desenhos para o catolicismo, corroborando, de certa forma, algumas ações já desenvolvidas pelas pastorais da Igreja no Brasil, em especial a do Nordeste. O escopo principal desta tese é narrar as principais questões sociais, políticas e pastorais que marcaram a passagem de Dom José de Medeiros Delgado pelo arcebispado de Fortaleza, entre as décadas de1960 e 1970. Palavras-chave: Catolicismo brasileiro; Concílio Vaticano II; História da Igreja Católica.

[pt] A tese quer demonstrar os fundamentos teológicos que determinam a Eclesiologia de Comunhão para a Unidade, partindo dos Escritos de Teresa de Lisieux, especialmente em seu Livro História de uma Alma, e da Teologia de Johann-Adam Mohler sobre a Unidade na Igreja. Faremos uma releitura da Eclesiologia de Comunhão do Concílio Vaticano II. Iremos explorar alguns aspectos como o Centralismo do Amor vivido e experimentado por uma multidão de pequenas almas que formam a Igreja, apresentado por Teresa de Lisieux, e, o argumento sobre a Unidade na Igreja na perspectiva de Comunhão de Johann-Adam Mohler, conforme sua concreta experiência. Trataremos de apresentar esta Unidade Eclesial a partir da noção de Multidão de Fiéis presente no Livro dos Atos dos Apóstolos: A multidão dos que haviam crido era um só coração e uma só alma (At 4, 32). Possuindo uma configuração eclesial que envolve a todos em vista da universalidade da salvação e das multiformes frentes de serviços e ministérios, retomaremos a noção de Igreja como Corpo de Cristo apresentada pela Teologia Patrística e Magistério da Igreja, e, também presente na Doutrina do Concilio Vaticano II, em consonância com a noção de Povo de Deus. A diversidade de membros desse Corpo, por sua interligação e abrangência, deve ser estendida para toda a humanidade, porém, agora, como Multidão de Fiéis. A Unidade na Igreja tornou-se, nos tempos atuais, um dos aspectos mais significativos para a Teologia, precisamente em razão do caráter da universalidade da salvação e da expressividade relacional entre as pessoas no mundo todo, por isso, a necessidade de uma fundamentação Teológica na perspectiva da Unidade Religiosa e do Diálogo diante de múltiplas iniciativas. / [en] The Thesis wants to demonstrate the theological foundations that propose Ecclesiology of Communion for the Unit, based in the writings of Teresa de Lisieux, especially in her book Story of a Soul, and in the Theology of Johann-Adam Mohler about the Unit in the Church. We ll do a reinterpretation of the Communion Ecclesiology of Vatican II. We will explore some aspects like the Centralism of Love lived and experienced by the multitude of small souls who form the Church, presented by Teresa de Lisieux, and the argument about the Unit in the Church in the perspective of Communion by Johann-Adam Mohler, in accordance with his concrete experience. We will try to present this Ecclesial Unit taking from the notion of Multitude of Faithful in the book of Acts of the Apostles: And the multitude of them which believed were one heart and one soul (Acts 4, 32). Having an ecclesial configuration which involves all peoples in view of the universality of salvation and the multiform modes of services and ministries. We ll retake the notion of the Church as the Body of Christ presented in Patristic Theology and in the Magisterium of the Church, also present in the Doctrine of Vatican II, in consonance with the notion of God s People. The diversity of the members of this Body, for its interrelation and coverage, must be spread over all humanity, now understood as multitude of the faithful. The Unit in the Church became, in current times, one of the most significant aspects for Theology, precisely because, the character of universality of salvation and the relational expressivity between people worldwide, need of one theological grounding in the perspective of Religious Unit and the Dialogue against multiple initiatives.

The MA thesis briefly describes the history of the Vatican Council II and analyses the reaction of Czechoslovakian press to the Vatican Council II. The theoretical part aims at outlining the history, the course, the results and the importance of the Vatican Council II for the Catholic Church and also for the whole world. The theoretical opening is then reflected in the practical part of the MA thesis. It helps the reader to understand the issue. The theoretical opening pays attention to some important life moments of Pope John XXIII., ``the Council Maker{\crqq}. It focuses on the council idea, the definition of the council goals and setup time work before the council. It follows clarification of some organization issues during the council. It mentions its rule of procedure description. Another part of the theoretical part contains the development of all the council meetings and their results. There is also a list of council documents and evaluation of the Vatican Council II´s importance at the end of the theoretical part. The practical part of the MA thesis contains analysis of newspaper articles, namely from the Rudé právo and the Lidová demokracie dailies, covering the Vatican Council II. The monitored issues were: the space dedicated by the above dailies to the Council, the richness, content variety and balance of the coverage. The aim of the practical part and the MA thesis as a whole was the content analysis of the two 1960s daily newspapers and their reaction to the development and the result of the Council. It also contains content analysis comparison of these two newspapers and also identification of the extent of difference in objectivity and the ideological pressure on the news.

The Catholic Church summoned ecumenical councils since the early days of Christianity. These assemblies bring together Christian bishops from around the world to discuss problematic issues for the institution. At the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council (1962- 1965), it officialized its change of position with regard to the questioning of the modern, increasingly urban, industrial and secularized society of the twentieth century, which progressively renounced living the moral of Judeo-Christian origin. In Brazil, and especially in Sergipe, we analyze the impact of the diffusion of these modern values throughout the first half of the twentieth century, stimulated by the mass media, such as radio. In this context, the Sergipe population received the announcement that Pope John XXIII would hold a new Ecumenical Council in the Vatican in Rome. The purpose of John XXIII was to promote a renewal (aggiornamento) in the Catholic Church through dialogue with modernity and also to seek a rapprochement with the dissident Christian groups of Roman Catholicism. The then priest Luciano José Cabral Duarte, although not yet a bishop, followed that event in his own way, as a reporter for the national circulation magazine, O Cruzeiro and the newspaper aracajuano, A Cruzada. Thus he described the main activities of the Council and through his texts a great number of Brazilians had access to the main discussions of the Second Vatican Council. In 1966, Luciano Duarte was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Aracaju, in the administration of Dom José Távora. In fulfilling this function, it was also up to the then Don Luciano to help in the process of implementing the conciliar guidelines in Sergipe. Thus, the main objective of this research is to discuss the Second Vatican Council as a historical event of significant impact in the modern society of the Western world and specifically in Brazil during the twentieth century. In addition, to investigate the effects of the conciliar guidelines in / and for Sergipe, through the study of part of the life trajectory of Luciano Duarte, both as journalist correspondent during the Second Vatican Council (1962- 1965) and as auxiliary bishop of the archdiocese of Aracaju (1966-1971). / A Igreja Católica convoca concílios ecumênicos desde os primórdios do cristianismo. Essas assembleias reúnem os bispos cristãos de todo o mundo com o objetivo de deliberarem sobre aspectos problemáticos para a instituição. No Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II (1962-1965), ela oficializou sua mudança de postura com relação aos questionamentos da sociedade moderna do século XX, cada vez mais urbana, industrial e secularizada, que progressivamente renunciava a vivência da moral de origem judaico-cristã. No Brasil e, principalmente, em Sergipe, analisamos o impacto da difusão desses valores modernos, ao longo da primeira metade do século XX, estimulados pelos meios de comunicação de massa, como o rádio. Nesse contexto, a população sergipana recebeu o anúncio de que o papa João XXIII realizaria um novo Concílio Ecumênico no Vaticano, em Roma. O objetivo de João XXIII era promover uma renovação (aggiornamento) na Igreja Católica através do diálogo com a modernidade e também buscar uma reaproximação com os grupos cristãos dissidentes do catolicismo romano. O então padre Luciano José Cabral Duarte, embora ainda não fosse bispo, acompanhou aquele evento a sua maneira, enquanto repórter da revista, de circulação nacional, O Cruzeiro e do jornal aracajuano, A Cruzada. Assim, ele descreveu as principais atividades conciliares e, através de seus textos, grande parte dos brasileiros tiveram acesso às principais discussões do Concílio Vaticano II. Em 1966, Luciano Duarte foi nomeado bispo auxiliar da Arquidiocese de Aracaju, na administração de Dom José Távora. Ao desempenhar esta função, também coube ao então Dom Luciano ajudar no processo de implantação das orientações conciliares em Sergipe. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é discutir o Concílio Vaticano II, como um evento histórico de impacto significativo na sociedade moderna do mundo ocidental e, especificamente, no Brasil durante o século XX. Além disso, investigar os efeitos das orientações conciliares em/e para Sergipe, através do estudo de parte da trajetória de vida de Luciano Duarte, tanto como correspondente jornalístico durante o Concílio Vaticano II (1962-1965) e enquanto bispo auxiliar da arquidiocese de Aracaju (1966-1971).

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T19:30:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sérgio Ricardo Coutinho dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 2901472 bytes, checksum: f042c12a495f0d1510c81a9b983fac82 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-12T14:24:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sérgio Ricardo Coutinho dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 2901472 bytes, checksum: f042c12a495f0d1510c81a9b983fac82 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T14:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sérgio Ricardo Coutinho dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 2901472 bytes, checksum: f042c12a495f0d1510c81a9b983fac82 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study look into the participation of the bishops of Maranhão in the Second Vatican Council (1959-1965) and how they did, along with other social and ecclesial actors, the reception of this ecclesial event in their “local Churches” (diocesis). This process, within a context of expansion of “economic frontier” and formation of a new oligarchic domination in the conduct of regional and local politics, led by José Sarney, between the years 1959 and 1979. The chronological marking will the convening of Vatican II until the holding of IIIª General Conference of Latin American Bishops in Puebla (Mexico). Our theoretical and methodological proposal revolves around the concepts of “frontier” (José de Souza Martins), of “historical consciousness” (Jörn Russen), of “historicity regime” (Reinhart Koselleck and François Hartog), and “communicative action” and “post-conventional moral conscience” (Jürgen Habermas and Lawrence Kohlberg). The "Vatican II" event and its reception by the subjects-agents (bishops, priests, religious, pastoral workers and lay people) of the local Churches (diocesis) in Maranhão, allowed greater reflective socialization within the lived world (“verbalization of the sacred”), relying on the resources of the discussion. And so, it made in the perspective of action oriented to mutual understanding, and hinged on two principles of ecclesiastical organization: the episcopal collegiality and the base of synodality. Thus, the Catholic Church in Maranhão took on a new historical consciousness: the post-conventional. / Este trabalho procurou se debruçar sobre a participação dos bispos do Maranhão no Concílio Vaticano II (1959-1965) e como fizeram, juntamente com outros atores sociais e eclesiais, a recepção deste evento eclesial em suas “Igrejas locais” (dioceses). Processo este, dentro de um contexto de expansão da “fronteira econômica” e de formação de uma nova dominação oligárquica na condução da política regional e local, liderado por José Sarney, entre os anos de 1959 e 1979. O balizamento cronológico vai da convocação do Concílio Vaticano II até a realização da IIIª Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-americano, em Puebla (México). Nossa proposta teórico-metodológica gira em torno dos conceitos de “fronteira” (José de Souza Martins), de “consciência histórica” (Jörn Rüssen), de “regime de historicidade” (Reinhart Koselleck e François Hartog), e de “ação comunicativa” e “consciência moral pós-convencional” (Jürgen Habermas e Lawrence Kohlberg). O evento “Vaticano II” e sua recepção pelos sujeitos-agentes (bispos, padres, religiosas, agentes de pastoral leigos e leigas) das Igrejas-locais (dioceses), no Maranhão, possibilitou uma maior socialização reflexiva no seio do mundo vivido (“verbalização do sagrado”), apoiando-se nos recursos da discussão. E desta forma, efetuou-se na perspectiva do agir orientado a intercompreensão, e articulados em dois princípios de organização eclesial: pela colegialidade episcopal e pela sinodalidade de base. Assim, a Igreja Católica no Maranhão assumiu uma nova consciência histórica: a pós-convencional.

La thèse porte sur la réflexion de Ratzinger sur la "raison". La critique de la raison moderne, ainsi que l'éléboration d'un modèle alternatif de raison, permet de cerner les enjeux de la théologie de Ratzinger et de saisir le fil conducteur de ses nombreuses batailles. / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

9 Summary The SSPX is a society of Roman Catholic priests, who aren't organized in any religious order, however, it's organization is similar to many religious orders. As its mission the SSPX consider the defense of a catholic priesthood, the Tridentine Mass and the true doctrine of the Church against danger, which supposedly affected the Church after the Second Vatican Council. The SSPX was established in 1970 and its center became Ecône Seminary in Switzerland. Hereafter, a wider informal group of Catholics, who were unsatisfied with an evolution of the Church, formed around the Society. The members of this group attended masses, celebrated by SSPX priests. This group had united more after a breakup between the SSPX and superiors of the Catholic church, which was caused by an illicit ordinations of a priests and following excommunication of a founder, archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, and his nearest fellows in 1988. From that point, these believers are forming to some kind of congregations similar to parishes, but which are unofficial and improvised. These activities, as well as a sacraments celebrated by SSPX priests, are unacceptable in a catholic canon law system (however, these sacraments are valid, if they were already celebrated!). The ethos of this society is conservative - both in a relation to...

The SSPX is a community of non-monastic priests with a structure similar to that of many religious orders. It was founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Its pro- gram is to defend traditional Catholic values against the danger supposedly represented by the reforms initiated by the Second Vatican Council. A wider community of Catholics disagreeing with developments in the Church was formed around the SSPX. Following the breakup of the SSPX with the leadership of the Church in 1988, this community gained strength and a character of a certain denomination. The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) carried out a lot of changes, many of which have not yet been fully implemented. They concern the liturgy, pastoral care, interpretation of Scripture, and theology studies, among other issues. The common denominator of the con- ciliar reforms was to make the proclamation of Christ more comprehensible to modern man and make many things in the church consistent with the spirit of the Gospel and early Chris- tian tradition. The most significant shifts, initiated by the council, were the new approaches to ecumenism, to principle of religious freedom and to interfaith dialogue. Many circles in the Church, however, considered these changes as grinding the truths of faith; these Cath- olics began to be...