This thesis are investigating production companies in Sweden and how they are working with new technology, such as web TV, mobile TV but also how they handle their business models and if they are working with other financial forms to reach revenue. All the interviewed companies said that they worked with their business models but not to the extent that they should, and this is a side effect to the risk that it might involve. They do work with the new opportunities that are given to them but are afraid to take too big of a risk. The market seems to be on the upswing and they are getting a larger marginal to the distributors and are able to take bigger risk and develop new ways to reach out with their productions.

New technology has created new opportunities for journalists working with web TV. Changes in the work processes have led to new professional roles. According to the theory of media logic such events become news that suits media organizations and working conditions. How does the media logic affect the editorial workflow and how does it affect professional roles? In light of my own experience in various roles in television journalism, I examine how the web TV format shapes the work of journalists. Based on previous research in this area, this thesis also examines the professional role video reporters play and what this new role means in relation to other professional roles in journalism. Previous research shows that the video reporter role offers both opportunities and threats to journalism. (Brännström 2008, Wallace 2009, Nygren & Zuiderveld, 2011, and others). This study, based on participant observation at a web TV editorial desk, shows that the media logic of the format of web TV affects the work process in several ways. First, in terms of how news is produced in the field, and how news is created and re-created from existing material at the production desk. Inasmuch that consumers are increasingly becoming potential producers with cellphone cameras, there is a potential video journalist in every cellphone owner. The pace of work drives journalists to publish at a faster pace, which in turn means less time for reflection. Often the job of the video reporter is to select an in-point and out-point in an interview quickly and publish! This survey also highlights the video reporter’s role in relation to other journalists that work at a web editorial desk. The result shows that there is a difference between video reporters and writing reporters and also that there are differences within the group of video reporters. The study also provides an insight into the journalistic challenges at hand with new differentiations and combinations of roles in journalism within the field of web TV.In light of the observations derived from the material, one can say that the work of the video reporter at a web TV editorial desk is very much molded into a shape, the shape of practice governing the work, or in other words, the media logic controls what kind of video journalism reporters exercise in the production of online web TV.

[pt] A evolução digital vem alterando o cenário contemporâneo do campo da comunicação, onde a Internet exerce um papel central de difusão das informações. Nesse contexto, novos paradigmas de convergência de áudio, vídeo e dados per-mitem a correlação dos tradicionais meios com as tecnologias e plataformas do espaço virtual. A WebTV, totalmente ambientada na cultura digital, apresenta possibilidades diferenciadas e múltiplas de interação social. A Igreja Católica acompanha esse processo com atenção, interesse e ações concretas. Documentos oficiais, como encíclicas, exortações e cartas apostólicas têm orientados os católi-cos a se moverem nesse novo espaço de comunicação. Tem incentivado também a utilização desse ambiente para atingir os seus objetivos evangelizadores. Esta pesquisa pretende estudar o processo de implantação, os resultados e as propostas da WebTV Redentor, o mais recente veículo de comunicação da Arquidiocese do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The digital evolution has altered the contemporary setting of the communications field, where the Internet plays a central role in disseminating information. In this context, new audio, video and data convergence paradigms, enable the correlation between traditional media with the technologies and platforms of the virtual space. WebTV, fully set in digital culture, has distinct possibilities of multiple social interaction. The Catholic Church has been following this process with close attention, interest and concrete actions. Official documents such as encyclicals, apostolic letters and exhortations have been guiding Catholics to explore this new space of communication. It has also encouraged the use of this setting to achieve its evangelizers goals. This research intends to study the deployment process, the results and proposals of the WebTV Redentor, the latest communication vehicle of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro.

Esta tese traz reflexões sobre a construção do campo público da televisão brasileira tomando por base os sistemas adotados em países como Inglaterra, Japão, Estados Unidos, Canadá, Colômbia, Venezuela e Brasil; localizando em cada experiência informações sobre a estrutura, os modelos de gestão e de financiamento, os instrumentos de participação popular e o perfil da programação. Especificamente no Brasil, apresentamos o percurso histórico das TVs públicas, pontuando dois momentos fundamentais: o primeiro, em 1995, quando as operadoras de TV a Cabo, em cumprimento da Lei da Cabodifusão, passaram a disponibilizar os canais básicos de utilização gratuita, garantindo a oferta de sinal para as TVs legislativas, comunitárias e universitárias e do Poder Judiciário, a partir de 2002. Estas, juntamente com as emissoras educativo-culturais que já exibem em sinal aberto, passaram a integrar o que se convencionou chamar de campo público da televisão. O segundo momento, em 2006, é marcado pelo Decreto que dispõe sobre a implantação do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital Terrestre. O documento prevê a destinação de canais para a exploração direta da União Federal e uma faixa entre os canais 60 e 69 para as emissoras públicas espaço esse ainda cobrado pelo segmento, que exibe majoritariamente no cabo. Nesse contexto, são apresentadas as especificidades da TV universitária enquanto mídia especializada do ensino superior, com foco nos objetivos de comunicação o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão. Essas informações servem de base para cumprir nosso objetivo: compreender como o segmento vem construindo sua identidade, a partir do levantamento do perfil dessas TVs quanto à sua institucionalização, formas de gestão e financiamento, participação acadêmica na produção de conteúdo, programação e alternativas de veiculação. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa de campo e, em um universo de 1.662 instituições de ensino superior das cinco regiões brasileiras, localizamos 151 TVs. Embora, à primeira vista, essa presença pareça tímida, os resultados revelam um crescimento de 755%, tomando como referência o ano de 1995, quando as experiências de produção televisiva em ambiente universitário não passavam de 20 em todo o país. Os resultados desse levantamento apontam para uma realidade sobre a qual o segmento universitário ainda não vem dando a devida atenção: cresce o número de TVs operando no cabo, é intensa a luta por um espaço no espectro da TV digital aberta, mas as poucas experiências na web se limitam a postar os programas nos portais das instituições ou das próprias TVs. Ou seja, a web está relegada a um suporte secundário para a distribuição de conteúdo, na contramão da crescente migração dos telespectadores para a rede mundial de computadores. Assim, apresentamos uma proposta de WebTV universitária que vá além do processo de produção, mensagem e recepção, privilegiando o fluxo dialógico proporcionado por canais reais de interatividade, no qual o receptor pode também ser um produtor de informação. / This dissertation ponders about the construction of the Brazilian public TV field taking into account the systems adopted by countries such as Japan, the United States, Canada, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil; picking up in each experience information on the structure, management and financing models, the means of popular participation, and programming profile. As far as Brazil is concerned, we present the historical development of public TV by bringing into relief two fundamental moments: the first one, in 1995, when cable TV operators, in order to observe the Law of Cable TV Broadcasting, began to make free basic channels available, by supplying TV broadcasting to the Legislative and Judiciary Powers, communities, universities, from 2002 on. Those TV operators, along with the educational and cultural ones which are already broadcasting open TV signals, became what is being conventionally called the television public field. The second one, in 2006, is outstanding due to the Decree which deals with the implementation of the Brazilian Terrestrial Digital TV System. The decree at issue reserves channels for direct exploitation by the Union and about 60 and 69 channels meant for public TV systems, a number demanded by that sector, which are mostly broadcast by cable. Within such a context, we point out the peculiarities of the university TV system as a specialized medium for higher education, focusing on the aims of communication learning, research, and provision of community services. Such a piece of information serves as a basis for achieving our aim: to understand how that sector is developing its identity by constructing the profile of those TV systems concerning their organization, management and financing strategies, academic participation in order to provide content development, program schedules and broadcast alternatives. With that purpose in mind, we carried out a field research and, among 1,662 higher education institutions spread over the five Brazilian geographical areas, we managed to find out 151 TV stations. Although, at first glance, such a figure seems to be rather small, the outcomes achieve a 755% growth, from 1995 on, when experiences in making TV programs within the university environment were confined to only 20 throughout Brazil. The outcomes of that survey show a reality which has not been duly taken into consideration by universities: the number of cable TV stations increases, the fight for space in the open digital TV system is fierce, but scarce experiences in the Web are confined to setting up programs in the web sites of such institutions or of the very TV stations. In other words, the Web is confined to a subordinate supporting role in the distribution of content broadcasting, contradicting the increasing TV viewers migration to the world computer network. Therefore, we proposed a university web TV which goes beyond the processes of production, message, and reception, by furthering the dialogical flow provided by real interactive channels, in which the receptor may also become an information provider.

Since a few years back television has been on a verge of an enormous digital change. Web-TV is now growing at an incredible rate and is said to completely change the way we consume TV. The purpose of this essay is to determine and gain an understanding of how representatives of the broadcast industry looks at the phenomenon of web-TV and especially the different kinds of online video services and how they believe this will affect the television. Methods used are qualitative interviews which we compared with previous studies on the subject and acknowledged communication theories. The respondents were people with good insight and understanding of the media and TV industry. Some of the conclusions made are that the representatives believe television needs to be redefined and that there has been a shift in power in favor for the viewers. We have also seen that the representatives believe TV consumption now is more flexible where it’s no longer bound to a specific time and place.

Esta tese traz reflexões sobre a construção do campo público da televisão brasileira tomando por base os sistemas adotados em países como Inglaterra, Japão, Estados Unidos, Canadá, Colômbia, Venezuela e Brasil; localizando em cada experiência informações sobre a estrutura, os modelos de gestão e de financiamento, os instrumentos de participação popular e o perfil da programação. Especificamente no Brasil, apresentamos o percurso histórico das TVs públicas, pontuando dois momentos fundamentais: o primeiro, em 1995, quando as operadoras de TV a Cabo, em cumprimento da Lei da Cabodifusão, passaram a disponibilizar os canais básicos de utilização gratuita, garantindo a oferta de sinal para as TVs legislativas, comunitárias e universitárias e do Poder Judiciário, a partir de 2002. Estas, juntamente com as emissoras educativo-culturais que já exibem em sinal aberto, passaram a integrar o que se convencionou chamar de campo público da televisão. O segundo momento, em 2006, é marcado pelo Decreto que dispõe sobre a implantação do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital Terrestre. O documento prevê a destinação de canais para a exploração direta da União Federal e uma faixa entre os canais 60 e 69 para as emissoras públicas espaço esse ainda cobrado pelo segmento, que exibe majoritariamente no cabo. Nesse contexto, são apresentadas as especificidades da TV universitária enquanto mídia especializada do ensino superior, com foco nos objetivos de comunicação o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão. Essas informações servem de base para cumprir nosso objetivo: compreender como o segmento vem construindo sua identidade, a partir do levantamento do perfil dessas TVs quanto à sua institucionalização, formas de gestão e financiamento, participação acadêmica na produção de conteúdo, programação e alternativas de veiculação. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa de campo e, em um universo de 1.662 instituições de ensino superior das cinco regiões brasileiras, localizamos 151 TVs. Embora, à primeira vista, essa presença pareça tímida, os resultados revelam um crescimento de 755%, tomando como referência o ano de 1995, quando as experiências de produção televisiva em ambiente universitário não passavam de 20 em todo o país. Os resultados desse levantamento apontam para uma realidade sobre a qual o segmento universitário ainda não vem dando a devida atenção: cresce o número de TVs operando no cabo, é intensa a luta por um espaço no espectro da TV digital aberta, mas as poucas experiências na web se limitam a postar os programas nos portais das instituições ou das próprias TVs. Ou seja, a web está relegada a um suporte secundário para a distribuição de conteúdo, na contramão da crescente migração dos telespectadores para a rede mundial de computadores. Assim, apresentamos uma proposta de WebTV universitária que vá além do processo de produção, mensagem e recepção, privilegiando o fluxo dialógico proporcionado por canais reais de interatividade, no qual o receptor pode também ser um produtor de informação. / This dissertation ponders about the construction of the Brazilian public TV field taking into account the systems adopted by countries such as Japan, the United States, Canada, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil; picking up in each experience information on the structure, management and financing models, the means of popular participation, and programming profile. As far as Brazil is concerned, we present the historical development of public TV by bringing into relief two fundamental moments: the first one, in 1995, when cable TV operators, in order to observe the Law of Cable TV Broadcasting, began to make free basic channels available, by supplying TV broadcasting to the Legislative and Judiciary Powers, communities, universities, from 2002 on. Those TV operators, along with the educational and cultural ones which are already broadcasting open TV signals, became what is being conventionally called the television public field. The second one, in 2006, is outstanding due to the Decree which deals with the implementation of the Brazilian Terrestrial Digital TV System. The decree at issue reserves channels for direct exploitation by the Union and about 60 and 69 channels meant for public TV systems, a number demanded by that sector, which are mostly broadcast by cable. Within such a context, we point out the peculiarities of the university TV system as a specialized medium for higher education, focusing on the aims of communication learning, research, and provision of community services. Such a piece of information serves as a basis for achieving our aim: to understand how that sector is developing its identity by constructing the profile of those TV systems concerning their organization, management and financing strategies, academic participation in order to provide content development, program schedules and broadcast alternatives. With that purpose in mind, we carried out a field research and, among 1,662 higher education institutions spread over the five Brazilian geographical areas, we managed to find out 151 TV stations. Although, at first glance, such a figure seems to be rather small, the outcomes achieve a 755% growth, from 1995 on, when experiences in making TV programs within the university environment were confined to only 20 throughout Brazil. The outcomes of that survey show a reality which has not been duly taken into consideration by universities: the number of cable TV stations increases, the fight for space in the open digital TV system is fierce, but scarce experiences in the Web are confined to setting up programs in the web sites of such institutions or of the very TV stations. In other words, the Web is confined to a subordinate supporting role in the distribution of content broadcasting, contradicting the increasing TV viewers migration to the world computer network. Therefore, we proposed a university web TV which goes beyond the processes of production, message, and reception, by furthering the dialogical flow provided by real interactive channels, in which the receptor may also become an information provider.

A la lumière de la revue de la littérature et des différentes opportunités empiriques qui se sont présentées, nous étions devant une problématique de recherche qui reflète l’actualité de l’usage de la web TV à des fins contributives, et plus précisément l’influence de certains éléments d’atmosphère du site de la web tv sur l’attitude des étudiants les conduisant à adopter un comportement d’approche spécifique à ce dispositif. Notre recherche nous a permis de proposer un modèle conceptuel qui s’est hissé en un cadre global d’appréhension du comportement des étudiants quant à la fréquentation des web tv universitaires étudiantes. A partir d’une approche qualitative et sur la base d’une expérimentation menée auprès d’un échantillon de 200 étudiants de l’USTV, nous avons pu détecter non seulement les éléments d’atmosphère les plus influents sur le comportement d’approche des étudiants mais également certaines caractéristiques individuelles dont l’impact est bien modérateur. Cette thèse contribue finalement à une meilleure compréhension du rôle et du fonctionnement de l’influence des stimuli environnementaux de la web tv sur le comportement de l’étudiant et présente en outre un ensemble de réflexion à adopter et d’action à entreprendre en vue de drainer les réponses comportementales souhaitées par les concepteurs. / In light of the literature review and the various empirical opportunities which appeared, we were facing a problem of research reflecting the current use of the web TV for contributory, and more precisely the influence of some atmospheric elements of the web TV site on student attitudes leading them to adopt a specific behavioral approach to this device. Our research allowed us to propose an abstract model of the search that has risen himself in a global frame of behavior apprehension of students on attendance web tv university. From a qualitative approach and based on an experiment led with a sample of 200 students from USTV, we were able not only to detect the most influential atmospheric elements on the behavioral approach of students, but also some individual characteristics whose impact is moderating. This thesis contributes finally to a better understanding of the role and functioning of the influence of environmental stimuli of the web tv on student behavior and also has a set of reflections that should be adopted and actions to be taken to drain behavioral responses desired by designers.

<p>In our study, we investigated how the streamed TV domain relates to existing design principles for web design. Further, we have investigated whether there are specific characteristics of the domain that the design principles do not cover. In the survey we have studied two sites which are representative of the streamed TV domain. Finally, we discuss how applicable the design principles are for the domain and the specific characteristics that would require new or further developed design principles.</p> / <p>I vår studie har vi undersökt hur domänen streamad-TV förhåller sig till befintliga designprinciper för webbdesign. Ytterligare har vi undersökt om det finns specifika egenskaper för domänen som inte omfattas av någon designprincip. I undersökningen har vi studerat två webbplatser vilka är representativa för domänen streamad-TV. Slutligen diskuterar vi hur applicerbara designprinciperna är på domänen och vilka specifika egenskaper som skulle behöva nya eller vidareutvecklade designprinciper.</p>

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-17T19:51:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Yessica_Lopes_da_Silva.pdf: 4872217 bytes, checksum: 7707391d4fa482fa05ded1c7df69fcb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-17T21:26:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Yessica_Lopes_da_Silva.pdf: 4872217 bytes, checksum: 7707391d4fa482fa05ded1c7df69fcb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T21:26:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Yessica_Lopes_da_Silva.pdf: 4872217 bytes, checksum: 7707391d4fa482fa05ded1c7df69fcb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Sem bolsa / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal buscar compreender como são elaborados os programas e os conteúdos audiovisuais pensados e executados pela TV Ines, uma Web TV estatal aberta, vinculada ao Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos (INES), autarquia do MEC, cujo material é produzido em parceria com a Associação de Comunicação Educativa Roquette Pinto (ACERP). Busca-se, também, problematizar o papel da comunidade surda brasileira no processo de escolha, criação e apresentação de tais materiais, veiculados em Língua Brasileira de Sinais e, simultaneamente, com tradução em áudio e legendas em Língua Portuguesa. Sobre a metodologia, foram realizadas visitas técnicas e entrevistas, compostas por tópicos previamente elaborados, mas deixando os entrevistados livres para falar sobre o tema. A pesquisadora é caracterizada como não-participante, visto que investiga como espectadora o meio onde as produções são idealizadas e executadas, sem interferência no funcionamento do objeto de pesquisa – característica de estudos exploratórios. As categorias organizadas a partir da análise do objeto, bem como o uso de conceitos como Modos de Endereçamento, evidenciam a importância do protagonismo surdo e a sua efetiva participação na criação e geração de programas através da TV Ines, tendo em vista que tal minoria linguística é público-alvo dessa Web TV, mesmo que o conteúdo audiovisual disponibilizado na internet seja bilíngue e acessível, também, a ouvintes. A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho apoia-se na relevância da produção e do compartilhamento de conteúdos em Libras, tendo como referência principal autores que estudam a Língua Brasileira de Sinais e a cultura surda. / The main objective of this work is to comprehend of how the programs and audiovisual contents are conceived and executed by TV Ines, an open state TV Web, associated to the National Institute of Education of the Deaf (Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos - INES), an autarchy of MEC, whose material is produced in partnership with the Roquette Pinto Educational Communication Association (Associação de Comunicação Educativa Roquette Pinto - ACERP). It is also sought to question the role of the Brazilian deaf community in the process of choosing, creating and exhibiting such materials, broadcast in Brazilian Sign Language and simultaneously with audio translation and Portuguese language subtitles. About the methodology, technical visits and interviews were made, consisting of topics previously developed, but leaving the interviewees free to talk about the topic. The researcher is characterized as non-participant. She investigates as a spectator of the environment where the productions are idealized and executed, without her interference in the operation of the research object - characteristic of exploratory studies. The organized categories from the analysis of the object, as well as the use of concepts such as Addressing Modes, highlight the importance of the main role of the deaf and its effective participation in the creation and development of programs through TV Ines. Since this linguistic minority is the target audience for this Web TV, even if the audiovisual content made available on the Internet is bilingual and accessible to listeners alike. The theoretical basis of this work is based on the magnitude of the production and the sharing of contents in Libras, having as main allusion authors who study the Brazilian Language of Signs and the deaf culture.

In our study, we investigated how the streamed TV domain relates to existing design principles for web design. Further, we have investigated whether there are specific characteristics of the domain that the design principles do not cover. In the survey we have studied two sites which are representative of the streamed TV domain. Finally, we discuss how applicable the design principles are for the domain and the specific characteristics that would require new or further developed design principles. / I vår studie har vi undersökt hur domänen streamad-TV förhåller sig till befintliga designprinciper för webbdesign. Ytterligare har vi undersökt om det finns specifika egenskaper för domänen som inte omfattas av någon designprincip. I undersökningen har vi studerat två webbplatser vilka är representativa för domänen streamad-TV. Slutligen diskuterar vi hur applicerbara designprinciperna är på domänen och vilka specifika egenskaper som skulle behöva nya eller vidareutvecklade designprinciper.