<p>The main hypothesis in this study is the development of a nanocomposite mediated amperometric biosensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide. The aim is to combine the electrochemical properties of both polyaniline and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate into highly conductive nano composites capable of exhibiting electrochemistry in non acidic media / shuttling electrons between HRP and GCE for biosensor applications.</p>

In recent years bleaching of vital teeth has become popular among both dentist and patients. Different bleaching agents were used for this purpose. They are either applied professionally at high dose (office bleaching) or by patient at lower dose (home bleaching). In the present work we studied the effects of a high concentration bleaching agent (35% hydrogen peroxide), and a low concentration bleaching agent (17% carbamide peroxide) on human enamel and dentin using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Technique. The OH stretching band of hydroxyapatite at 3567 cm-1 appeared in the spectra of enamel tissue which was absent in dentin. Carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide treatment induced some differences in enamel and dentin spectra according to control group spectra. While the treatment of hydrogen peroxide leaded to significant decrease in mineral to matrix ratio, carbamide peroxide treatment did not cause decrease in this level. In addition, organic components of the teeth were changed after the treatment of bleaching agents. The frequency of the Amide A and Amide I bands were significantly changed for enamel tissue after the treatment of high concentration bleaching agent. However, it is observed that these changes result from two different bleaching methods are negligible in dentin tissue. In conclusion it can be stated that hydrogen peroxide treatment caused dramatic changes in enamel structure according to carbamide peroxide treatment, but two methods did not cause significant changes in dentin tissue.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O clareamento dental se tornou um dos tratamentos estéticos mais realizados nos consultórios odontológicos, devido à simplicidade técnica e popularização através da mídia. Consiste na utilização de géis à base de peróxido de carbamida, peróxido de hidrogénio e, em uma menor escala, de perborato de sódio, com intuito de oxidar moléculas responsáveis pela pigmentação da estrutura dentária. Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos sobre o tema, não se sabe os efeitos do uso excessivo desses agentes sobre a estrutura dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sobre a rugosidade superficial e conteúdo mineral do esmalte dental humano submetido a regimes de sobreclareamento associados ao uso de géis clareadores caseiros: peróxido de carbamida 10% (Opalescence PF Regular 10%, Ultradent do Brasil Produtos Odontológicos Ltda., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% (DayWhite 9,5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), bem como tiras clareadoras (Oral-B WhiteStrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, Estados Unidos). Quatro fragmentos de esmalte obtidos a partir de cinco dentes foram submetidos a um diferente tratamento: Grupo I - armazenamento em saliva artificial por oito semanas; Grupo 2 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de carbamida 10% por 6 horas diárias; Grupo 3 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% com duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos; Grupo 4 oito semanas de tratamento com tiras clareadoras duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos. A alteração no conteúdo mineral foi avaliada semanalmente em seis pontos de cada fragmento devidamente identificados através de um sistema de coordenadas (X, Y e Z) utilizando-se a técnica de fluorescência de raios X (Artax 200). Alterações na rugosidade superficial das amostras também foram avaliadas através de um rugosímetro 3D (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, Reino Unido). Apenas o grupo 3 apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativas com relação aos níveis de rugosidade (p<0,05), porém não consideradas como clinicamente significativos. Para os demais tratamentos e intervalos propostos, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05). Desse modo, não houve alterações compatíveis com um processo de desmineralização ou aumento real da rugosidade da superfície. Nas condições desse estudo in vitro os géis clareadores caseiros foram considerados seguros. São necessários novos estudos in situ e in vitro que analisem os efeitos de regimes de sobreclareamento quando em condições de somatório de desafios intra-orais. / Tooth bleaching has become one of the most performed cosmetic treatments in dental offices because of the technical simplicity and popularization through media. It is based in the use of gels containing carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium perborate to oxidize molecules responsible for pigmentation of the tooth structure. Despite the large amount of studies of the topic, the effects of overuse of these agents on tooth structure are not established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the surface roughness and mineral content of the enamel submitted to overbleaching protocols associated with the use of home bleaching gels: 10 % carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF 10 % Regular, Ultradent Dental Products of Brazil Ltd., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), hydrogen peroxide 9.5% (DayWhite 9.5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), as well as bleaching strips (Oral- B Whitestrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, USA). Four enamel fragments obtained from five teeth were subjected to different treatments: Group I - storage in artificial saliva for eight weeks; Group 2 eight-week exposure to 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 6 hours daily; Group 3 eight-week exposure to 9,5% hydrogen peroxide gel - two 30-minute application, Group 4 eight-week exposure to bleaching strips - twice daily for 30 minutes. The change in mineral content was assessed weekly with the analysis of six points in each fragment properly identified by a coordinate system (X, Y and Z) using the technique of X-ray fluorescence (Artax 200). Changes in surface roughness of the samples were also evaluated using a 3D perfilometer (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, UK). Only group 3 showed statistically significant differences for roughness (p <0.05), but this is not considered as clinically important. For other proposed treatments and intervals, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the treatments tested in any of the proposed ranges (p > 0,05). There was no sign of demineralization process. Under these in vitro conditions, home bleaching gels were considered safe. Further in situ and in vivo studies are necessary to examine the effects of overbleaching protocols with all other intra-oral challenges.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O clareamento dental se tornou um dos tratamentos estéticos mais realizados nos consultórios odontológicos, devido à simplicidade técnica e popularização através da mídia. Consiste na utilização de géis à base de peróxido de carbamida, peróxido de hidrogénio e, em uma menor escala, de perborato de sódio, com intuito de oxidar moléculas responsáveis pela pigmentação da estrutura dentária. Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos sobre o tema, não se sabe os efeitos do uso excessivo desses agentes sobre a estrutura dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sobre a rugosidade superficial e conteúdo mineral do esmalte dental humano submetido a regimes de sobreclareamento associados ao uso de géis clareadores caseiros: peróxido de carbamida 10% (Opalescence PF Regular 10%, Ultradent do Brasil Produtos Odontológicos Ltda., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% (DayWhite 9,5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), bem como tiras clareadoras (Oral-B WhiteStrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, Estados Unidos). Quatro fragmentos de esmalte obtidos a partir de cinco dentes foram submetidos a um diferente tratamento: Grupo I - armazenamento em saliva artificial por oito semanas; Grupo 2 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de carbamida 10% por 6 horas diárias; Grupo 3 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% com duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos; Grupo 4 oito semanas de tratamento com tiras clareadoras duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos. A alteração no conteúdo mineral foi avaliada semanalmente em seis pontos de cada fragmento devidamente identificados através de um sistema de coordenadas (X, Y e Z) utilizando-se a técnica de fluorescência de raios X (Artax 200). Alterações na rugosidade superficial das amostras também foram avaliadas através de um rugosímetro 3D (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, Reino Unido). Apenas o grupo 3 apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativas com relação aos níveis de rugosidade (p<0,05), porém não consideradas como clinicamente significativos. Para os demais tratamentos e intervalos propostos, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05). Desse modo, não houve alterações compatíveis com um processo de desmineralização ou aumento real da rugosidade da superfície. Nas condições desse estudo in vitro os géis clareadores caseiros foram considerados seguros. São necessários novos estudos in situ e in vitro que analisem os efeitos de regimes de sobreclareamento quando em condições de somatório de desafios intra-orais. / Tooth bleaching has become one of the most performed cosmetic treatments in dental offices because of the technical simplicity and popularization through media. It is based in the use of gels containing carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium perborate to oxidize molecules responsible for pigmentation of the tooth structure. Despite the large amount of studies of the topic, the effects of overuse of these agents on tooth structure are not established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the surface roughness and mineral content of the enamel submitted to overbleaching protocols associated with the use of home bleaching gels: 10 % carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF 10 % Regular, Ultradent Dental Products of Brazil Ltd., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), hydrogen peroxide 9.5% (DayWhite 9.5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), as well as bleaching strips (Oral- B Whitestrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, USA). Four enamel fragments obtained from five teeth were subjected to different treatments: Group I - storage in artificial saliva for eight weeks; Group 2 eight-week exposure to 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 6 hours daily; Group 3 eight-week exposure to 9,5% hydrogen peroxide gel - two 30-minute application, Group 4 eight-week exposure to bleaching strips - twice daily for 30 minutes. The change in mineral content was assessed weekly with the analysis of six points in each fragment properly identified by a coordinate system (X, Y and Z) using the technique of X-ray fluorescence (Artax 200). Changes in surface roughness of the samples were also evaluated using a 3D perfilometer (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, UK). Only group 3 showed statistically significant differences for roughness (p <0.05), but this is not considered as clinically important. For other proposed treatments and intervals, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the treatments tested in any of the proposed ranges (p > 0,05). There was no sign of demineralization process. Under these in vitro conditions, home bleaching gels were considered safe. Further in situ and in vivo studies are necessary to examine the effects of overbleaching protocols with all other intra-oral challenges.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 841860 bytes, checksum: 77fa7c3fe634e5966fe09a11d406d5f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-20 / This present work aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of bleaching sequences, A/D(EP)DP and D(EP)DP, in laboratory, in order to replace A/D stage by D stage, as an alternative to reduce bleaching chemicals consumption, especially chlorine dioxide. It was established that D(EP)DP sequences, applying kappa factor of 1.85 and 2.40, improved the bleaching performance, reaching higher values of brightness for the same active chlorine charge. Active chlorine decreases of 2.1 and 4.6%were observed due to replacement of A/D by D stage, for kappa factor of 1.85 and 2.40, respectively. For the pulps produced, the stage replacement, A/D by D, did not affect the hexenuronic acid removal, not damaging the brightness reversion property. Moreover, the bleaching stage replacement decreased the pulp viscosity, however, physical-mechanical pulp properties, such as bulk, tensile index, tear index, burst index, air resistance, and scattering coefficient remained unchanged, indicating that despite the lower viscosity, the strength pulp properties were preserved. Industrially, due to this scenario is proposed a bleaching stage replacement, A/D by D. For thisspecific study, the financial estimated returns due to active chlorine consumption reduction, were in order of U$ 325,00 and U$ 715.500,00, when used kappa factor of 1.85 and 2.40, respectively. / Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma avaliação comparativa, em laboratório, entre as sequências de branqueamento A/D(EP)DP e D(EP)DP, visando verificar se é possível substituir o estágio A/D pelo D como alternativa para reduzir o consumo de químicos de branqueamento, em especial o dióxido de cloro, da sequência de branqueamento da Linha 2 da unidade Mucuri-BA, da Suzano Papel e Celulose. No estudo foi verificado que para polpas de eucalipto, as sequências D(EP)DP, utilizando fator kappa de 1,85 e 2,40, permitiram melhorar a performance do branqueamento, alcançando maiores valores de alvura, para uma mesma carga de cloro ativo. Foram verificadas reduções de cloro ativo equivalentes a 2,1 e 4,6%, devido a substituição do estágio A/D pelo D, com fatores kappa de 1,85 e 2,40, respectivamente. A substituição do estágio A/D por D não penalizou a remoção de ácidos hexenurônicos da polpa de celulose, não prejudicando a propriedade de reversão de alvura. Por outro lado, a substituição do A/D por D prejudicou a viscosidade da polpa branqueada, no entanto, propriedades físico-mecânicas da polpa, como volume específico aparente, índice de tração, índice de rasgo, índice de arrebentamento, resistência à passagem de ar e coeficiente de espalhamento de luz mantiveram-se inalteradas, demonstrando que apesar da menor viscosidade não foram perdidas propriedades de resistência da polpa. Nesse cenário, industrialmente surge a proposição da substituição do estágio A/D por D. Para o estudo de caso avaliado, retornos financeiros estimados, devido a redução do consumo de cloro ativo, foram na ordem de R$ 725 mil e R$ 1,6 milhões, quando utilizados fatores kappa de 1,85 e 2,40, respectivamente.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T19:19:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavochevitareseazevedo.pdf: 2779893 bytes, checksum: 1a5b90a61219925e6a36e7286909b45f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T14:04:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavochevitareseazevedo.pdf: 2779893 bytes, checksum: 1a5b90a61219925e6a36e7286909b45f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavochevitareseazevedo.pdf: 2779893 bytes, checksum: 1a5b90a61219925e6a36e7286909b45f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A utilização dos eletrodos à base de carbono já está bem descrita para alguns materiais, entretanto o desenvolvimento tecnológico vem trazendo ao mercado novos materiais como o eletrodo de filme de diamante dopado com boro (DDB). Este material possui diversas propriedades que o tornam excelentes em aplicações eletroanalíticas, dentre elas na determinação de peróxido de hidrogênio. A determinação de H2O2 pode ser realizada por diferentes técnicas, incluindo a amperometria, a espectrofotometria e a quimiluminescência. Neste contexto o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver uma célula eletroquímica para adaptar o eletrodo de DDB e também uma metodologia envolvendo análise por injeção em fluxo para a determinação amperométrica de H2O2 em amostras de gel de clareamento dentário e mel, sob o eletrodo de filme de diamante dopado com boro. Diferentes parâmetros foram avaliados para a obtenção de melhores condições de análise, dentre eles destacam-se o fluxo de eletrólito de 2,8 mL min-1, a alça de amostragem de 175 µL (28,5 cm), o percurso analítico de 25 cm (59 µL) para o gel e 5 cm (31 µL) para o mel e o potencial aplicado de 0,6 V. O método proposto apresentou resultados adequados em termos de precisão (DPR < 10 %), a exatidão foi confirmada, para a análise dos geis, através de estudos de adição e recuperação com resultados entre 74 e 107 %. O mesmo foi comparado ao método espectrofotométrico já existente e apresentou uma excelente concordância, com o mínimo de perda de exatidão ou precisão, com o benefício de uma expressiva diminuição no uso de enzima no caso da análise de mel (90 % a menos) e totalmente eliminado o uso nas amostras de gel, tornando o método mais barato que o espectrofotométrico. O método foi então aplicado à análise de amostras de gel de clareamento do mercado local e amostras de mel adquiridas em diferentes cidades da região. Com relação aos resultados obtidos os geis de clareamento apresentaram um valor médio de concentração de 2,39 % m/m, os limites de detecção e quantificação foram 1,06 e 3,54 µmol L-1, respectivamente. Para o mel foram obtidos valores de concentração médios de 25,8 µg g-1, os limite de detecção e quantificação foram 0,78 e 2,59 µg g-1 respectivamente. / The use of carbon based electrodes is well described for some materials, however technological development has brought to market new materials such as boron doped diamond film electrode. This material has several properties that make it excellent for electroanalytical applications, among them the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The determination of H2O2 can be accomplished by various techniques, including amperometry, spectrophotometry and chemiluminescence. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop an electrochemical cell and a methodology based on an amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in whitening gel and honey samples under the boron doped diamond electrode using flow injection analysis. Different parameters were evaluated to obtain the best conditions of analysis , among them the flow of electrolyte of 2.8 mL min- 1 , the loop sampling 175 µL (28.5 cm) , the analytical length of 159 µL (25 cm) to the gel and 31 µL (5 cm) to honey and an applied potential of 0.6 V. The proposed method was suitable in terms of precision (RSD < 10 %) results, the accuracy was confirmed in the analysis of the gels through the addition and recovery studies with results between 74 and 107 %. The proposed method was compared to the spectrophotometric method established and showed an excellent agreement, without loss of accuracy or precision, but with the benefit of a significant reduction in the use of enzyme in honey analysis (90 % less) and not use of enzymes for the analysis of whitening gel, making it cheaper than the spectrophotometric method. The method was then applied to the analysis of tooth whitening gels and honey samples of the local market acquired in different cities of the region. Regarding the results of whitening gels showed a medium concentration value of 2.39 % m/m, the limits of detection and quantification were 1.06 and 3.54 μmol L-1 respectively. For honey samples, a mean concentration value of 25.8 μg g-1 were obtained, the detection and quantification limits were 0.78 and 2.59 μg g-1 respectively.

En odontología la demanda de tratamientos para aclarar los dientes ha aumentado, es así como han surgido los agentes blanqueadores de venta libre, que no requieren una supervisión profesional, es indispensable conocer las concentraciones de pH y peróxido de hidrogeno presentes en su composición. Objetivo: Comparar el pH y la concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno en diferentes productos blanqueadores de venta libre. Materiales y métodos: En esta investigación con diseño experimental in vitro, se analizaron 24 muestras entre colutorios y pastas dentales de 4 diferentes marcas para obtener el grado de pH con un medidor impermeable pHep®5 de Hanna y la concentración de peróxido de hidrogeno con un proceso químico denominado titulación. Resultados: La concentración de pH de los productos blanqueadores de venta libre osciló entre 3.1 a 7.48 y la concentración de peróxido de hidrogeno entre 1.60% y 4.93%. Conclusión: El agente blanqueador Colgate Optic White tuvo la concentración de pH màs baja, y la más alta para peróxido e hidrogeno. / In dentistry, the demand for treatments to lighten teeth has increased. This is how over-the- counter whitening agents have emerged, which do not require professional supervision. It is essential to know the pH and hydrogen peroxide concentrations present in their composition. Objective: Compare the pH and concentration of hydrogen peroxide in different over-the- counter whitening products. Materials and methods: In this research with an-in vitro experimental design, 24 samples of mouthwashes and toothpastes from 4 different brands were analyzed to obtain the pH level with a waterproof meter pHep®5 from Hanna and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide with a chemical process called titration. Results: The pH concentration of over-the-counter whitening products ranged from 3.1 to 7.48 and the hydrogen peroxide concentration ranged from 1.60% to 4.93%. Conclusion: Colgate Optic White whitening agent had the lowest pH concentration, and the highest for peroxide and hydrogen.

O objetivo desta tese é compreender as tensões e metamorfoses existentes na análise social realizada por por alguns do principais autores brasileiros da virada do século XIX para o XX, rocurando demonstrar que, indo além das ideologias racistas presentes em suas obras, eles tentavam compreender e explicar a sociedade e a cultura rasileiras, abrindo, assim, novos caminhos e horizontes para outros estudos. Neste sentido, serão analisadas as obras de Sílvio Romero, Nina Rodrigues, Euclides da Cunha e Oliveira Vianna, tomando a perspectiva analítica de comparar como estes autores, clássicos e fundamentais para a compreensão do Brasil, conseguiram superar o racismo que aparecia inerente em suas obras, mostrando uma abordagem crítica em relação à sociedade brasileira e abordando aspectos culturais e sociais do Brasil, até então inéditos / The objective of this thesis is to understand the existing tensions and metamorphoses in the social analysis carried through by for some of the main Brazilian authors of the turn of century XIX for the XX, looking for to demonstrate that, going beyond the racist ideologies gifts in its workmanships, them they tried to understand and to explain the Brazilian society and the culture, opening, thus, to new ways and perspectives for other studies. In this direction the workmanships of Sílvio will be analyzed Romero, Nina Rodrigues, Euclides of Cunha and Oliveira Vianna, taking the analytical perspective to compare as these authors, basic classics and for the understanding of Brazil, had obtained to surpass the racism that appeared inherent in its workmanships, showing a critical boarding 6 in relation to the Brazilian society and approaching cultural and social aspects of Brazil, until then unknown.

Tooth-whitening or tooth-bleaching has become an integral part of modern dental practice. Today, a large number of whitening products are available on the market which are commonly categorized into dentist-supervised home bleaching, in-office bleaching and over-the-counter bleaching products according to their mode of application. This thesis looks into safety and efficacy of various tooth-whitening products and methods.

In spreads pectrum (SS)watermarking of audio signals, since the watermark acts as an additive noise to the host audio signal, the most important challenge is to maintain perceptual transparency. Human perception is a very sensitive apparatus, yet can be exploited to hide some information, reliably. SS watermark embedding has been proposed, in which psycho-acoustically shaped pseudo-random sequences are embedded directly into the time domain audio signal. However, these watermarking schemes use informed detection, in which the original signal is assumed available to the watermark detector. Blind detection of psycho-acoustically shaped SS watermarking is not well addressed in the literature. The problem is still interesting, because, blind detection is more practical for audio signals and, psycho-acoustically shaped watermarks embedding offers the maximum possible watermark energy under requirements of perceptual transparency. In this thesis we study the blind detection of psycho-acoustically shaped SS watermarks in time domain audio signals. We focus on a class of watermark sequences known as random phase watermarks, where the watermark magnitude spectrum is defined by the perceptual criteria and the randomness of the sequence lies in their phase spectrum. Blind watermark detectors, which do not have access to the original host signal, may seem handicapped, because an approximate watermark has to be re-derived from the watermarked signal. Since the comparison of blind detection with fully informed detection is unfair, a hypothetical detection scheme, denoted as semi-blind detection, is used as a reference benchmark. In semi-blind detection, the host signal as such is not available for detection, but it is assumed that sufficient information is available for deriving the exact watermark, which could be embedded in the given signal. Some reduction in performance is anticipated in blind detection over the semi-blind detection. Our experiments revealed that the statistical performance of the blind detector is better than that of the semi-blind detector. We analyze the watermark-to-host correlation (WHC) of random phase watermarks, and the results indicate that WHC is higher when a legitimate watermark is present in the audio signal, which leads to better detection performance. Based on these findings, we attempt to harness this increased correlation in order to further improve the performance. The analysis shows that uniformly distributed phase difference (between the host signal and the watermark) provides maximum advantage. This property is verified through experimentation over a variety of audio signals. In the second part, the correlated nature of audio signals is identified as a potential threat to reliable blind watermark detection, and audio pre-whitening methods are suggested as a possible remedy. A direct deterministic whitening (DDW) scheme is derived, from the frequency domain analysis of the time domain correlation process. Our experimental studies reveal that, the Savitzky-Golay Whitening (SGW), which is otherwise inferior to DDW technique, performs better when the audio signal is predominantly low pass. The novelty of this work lies in exploiting the complementary nature of the two whitening techniques and combining them to obtain a hybrid whitening (HbW) scheme. In the hybrid scheme the DDW and SGW techniques are selectively applied, based on short time spectral characteristics of the audio signal. The hybrid scheme extends the reliability of watermark detection to a wider range of audio signals. We also discuss enhancements to the HbW technique for robustness to temporal offsets and filtering. Robustness of SS watermark blind detection, with hybrid whitening, is determined through a set of experiments and the results are presented. It is seen that the watermarking scheme is robust to common signal processing operations such as additive noise, filtering, lossy compression, etc.