[pt] Este trabalho tem como tema os processos de concepção de espaços de trabalho. Aborda as dificuldades encontradas pelos profissionais de projeto,principalmente, no que diz respeito à compreensão dos sistemas presentes nas atividades do trabalho, das características físico- cognitivas dos trabalhadores na realização de suas tarefas, da interação do trabalhador com seu ambiente de trabalho, e os problemas que essas dificuldades acarretam no desenvolvimento do projeto e na função do ambiente construído para o trabalho. Tenta, portanto, indicar a insuficiência dos processos metodológicos aplicados no planejamento e definição de espaços produtivos. Tem, também, como objetivo a melhoria da concepção de locais de trabalho, indicando onde a Ergonomia pode contribuir nesse processo. / [en] This project focuses on the workspace planning process. It approaches the difficulties found by professionals, mainly concerning the comprehension of the current systems involved in work activities, the physical and cognitive characteristics of the worker`s tasks development, the interaction between the workers and their working environment, and the problems generated by difficulties in project development and work space function. It intends therefore,to indicate the insufficiency of the methodology applied in the planning and definition of productive spaces. It has also the objective of improving the workspace planning process, indicating where Ergonomics may contribute to the process.

[pt] Várias companhias têm criado equipes virtuais para agregar trabalhadores de diversas especialidades que estão dispersos geograficamente, aumentando a demanda por aplicações CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work). De modo a facilitar o desenvolvimento de uma ampla gama destas aplicações colaborativas, devemos prover uma arquitetura genérica que seja adaptável a diferentes situações, tarefas e configurações de um modo flexível. Este trabalho investiga como um ambiente de trabalho distribuído pode apoiar o gerenciamento de desastres, envolvendo equipes técnicas colaborativas distribuídas. Primeiramente, identificamos os requisitos para o espaço de trabalho distribuído, a partir dos atores envolvidos em um desastre, e analisamos os sistemas de emergência comerciais disponíveis. Em seguida, elaboramos um metamodelo de multi-perspectiva para auxiliar a configurar este espaço de trabalho virtual colaborativo. Finalmente, derivamos, a partir do metamodelo, um protótipo para o gerenciamento de desastres de estruturas offshore de óleo e gás e desenvolvemos uma implementação aderente ao padrão HLA (High Level Architecture) para este protótipo, como prova de conceito deste metamodelo. / [en] Many companies have been creating virtual teams that bring together geographically dispersed workers with complementary skills, increasing the demand for CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) applications. In order to facilitate the development of a wide range of these collaborative applications, we should offer a general architecture that is adaptable to different situations, tasks, and settings in a flexible way. This work investigates how a distributed workspace environment can support disaster management, involving distributed collaborative technical teams. We first identify the requirements for the distributed workspace, from the stakeholders involved in a disaster, and analyse the commercial emergency systems available. We then elaborate a multi-perspective metamodel to support configuring this collaborative virtual workspace. Finally a prototype for oil and gas offshore structures disaster management based on our multi- perspective metamodel is derived and an HLA (High Level Architecture) compliant implementation for this prototype is developed as a proof- of-concept of the metamodel.

This degree project aims to find solutions to prevent construction process from delay by detecting and resolving work-space congestions and time-space conflicts based on 4D-modeling. The purpose is to improve the work efficiency on the construction site of a hospital project. Through a software experiment, the proposed solutions will be tested to see if the conflicts on the construction site can be resolved or minimized. This is achieved by following the construction phase of the NKS project from Skanska AB. The largest hospital project in Sweden. The theoretical framework focuses on the concepts of 4D, work-space congestions, time-space conflicts, lean construction, last planner system, project organization as well as reviewing a variety of literature regarding how to resolve the conflicts during the construction process. The useful data and information have been gathered through semi-structured interviews with project managers and workforce. The obser-vations have been done on-site. Followed by 4D software experiment, by associating the tasks to the different areas through LBS with the time constraint data, the effi-ciency of work based on the quantity takeoff can be evaluated and thus it allows pro-ject managers to foresee the potential conflicts easily. Eventually, applying 4D - modeling helps the planners visualize the inefficiencies in the schedule and thus re-schedule the tasks before they lead to delays. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att finna lösningar för att förhindra konstruktions-processen från förseningar genom att upptäcka och lösa arbetsplatsstörningar samt tids- och utrymmeskonflikter baserat på 4D-modelering. Målet är att effektivisera arbetet på byggarbetsplatsen för ett sjukhusprojekt. Genom simuleringar kommer föreslagna lösningar, för att undvika konflikter på arbetsplatsen, att prövas för att få bukt med eller minimera dessa konflikter. Detta uppnås genom att följa byggnadsfasen av NKS-projektet från Skanska AB. Sveriges största sjukhuspro-jekt. Den teoretiska referensramen fokuserar på begreppen: 4D, arbetsutrymmesbelast-ning, tids- och platskonflikt, lean construction, last planner-systemet, projektorgani-sation samt granskning av litteratur som handlar om konfliktlösning under byggpro-cessen. Användbara data och information har samlats in via semistrukturerade inter-vjuer med projektledare och byggnadsarbetare. Observationer har gjorts på plats. Följt av 4D-simulering, genom att sammankoppla uppgifter till de olika områdena ge-nom LBS med tidsrestriktionsdata, kan effektiviteten av arbete som bygger på mängdavtagning utvärderas. Det tillåter projektledare att utan svårighet förutse po-tentiella konflikter. Så småningom kan tillämpningen av 4D-modellering hjälpa plane-rare att visualisera ineffektiviteter i tidsplanen och därmed planera om arbetsuppgif-terna innan de leder till förseningar.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Drywall, a popular building material made of gypsum based plaster sandwiched between two thick sheets of paper is used for building interior walls, is speedier alternative to traditional plaster, decreasing time and labor for construction. Importance of drywall increased with the demand for drywall after nine hurricanes hit Florida in 2004-05 and widespread damage caused in the Gulf Coast after Katrina in 2005. This study has two parts. First part presents an analysis of metals like strontium for the identification of Chinese drywall, and a comparison of strontium concentrations of American drywall and Chinese drywall using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) analysis with the Innov-X XRF analyzer. The second part presents an analysis of metal exposure during cutting and installation of drywall using 8stage Cascade impactor. The work space concentration of, different metals is analyzed using XRF analysis and particulate matter within various size ranges, were calculated and their effects are studied.

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