Young people’s political influence has been surveyed, studied and discussed several times in Sweden during the last decade. There is a fear among the politicians that the young people are not interested in politics, especially not in party politics. On the other hand there is, among the youngsters a feeling of invisibility, not being seen or heard or for that sake respected. There are a lot of formal possibilities for young people’s political influence, but there are not as many real possibilities or situations to actually practice these possibilities. There have been many national, regional and municipal projects initiated during the last years to develop these possibilities and create more opportunities for young people to (1) take part in the decision-making and as well (2) create an interest for politics, and party politics in particular. In Växjö municipality in Southern Sweden such a project was carried out during the autumn 2003. The project was called Barnens budget (the Children’s Budget). Through this project the local politicians hoped to give the young pupils of Växjö a feeling and an experience of influence and power, which in the wishes of the initiators would create an interest in politics and a respect for democracy. The idea of the project was that the pupils in the primary and secondary schools of Växjö through a democratic process from class-level, via school-level, to the municipal level would share and split 500 000 Swedish kronor. The money would go to the pupil’s priorities no matter what they were, and in the end the priorities turned out to be everything from dictionaries to lizards and soccer-goals. We may call it an exchange between the politicians and the pupils: money in exchange for a democratic process. The project is studied and analyzed with help from different theories and studies about young people and influence, politics, democracy etc. A comparison is also made between the project in Växjö and a similar project from the Norwegian town of Porsgrunn, which was the main influence for Barnens budget in Växjö. The result from the study is that the basic idea of democratic schooling is a true and well-willing one, but that much of the goals aimed at were not reached. This mainly because of that it seems as the work was not given the time it needed for reflections, discussions and implementations. This is something that goes for all levels, from the political level to the class-room level. The project would also have earned more from not only aiming at educating the youngsters – a top-down perspective, but instead being put into a whole, a mutual exchange of ideas and opinions between the pupils and the politicians.

In the end of the last century the interest for youth politics increased in Sweden. The causes for the increased interest were the more obvious youth politics questions and problems, for example the increased youth unemployment. In 1998 the government wrote down national goals and instructions for the youth politic work in a government bill (1998/99:115). This government bill describes how the youth politic work should be carried at a local level in the municipality. The purpose with this study is to investigate young people, in Värnamo kommun, view of their own situation. The study´s focus lies om three main concept; democracy, justice and faith in the future. To carry through the study, I have used a qualitative method; literature studies and empiricism, in form of interviews with young people and municipal council in Värnamo kommun. In the result of the study you can see that young people in Värnamo kommun quite well are satisfied with ther situation. The young people in the municipality believe in democracy but they really don´t know how to influence in the society. The municipal council tells that politicians are working for better information about how to influence for young people. They are also working to get young people to get more interest in politics. The young people have different background and they are conscious about how that effects their chances in life. The most of the young people have good faith in the future. They are not afraid of the unemployment.

<p>En enkätundersökning, en intervjustudie och en observationsstudie har gjorts. Undersökningarna handlar om talhandikappade elevers syn på sin utbildning och sin framtid. Resultatet visar att eleverna ser positivt på sin framtid och att få jobb och att eleverna känner sig kränkta i vissa situationer. Intervjuerna gjordes med tre lärare, en rektor samt en logoped, alla verksamma inom Riksgymnasieverksamheten för rörelsehindrade elever. Frågeställningarna i denna uppsats var:</p><p>• På vilket sätt arbetar skolan för att elever med talhandikapp ska uppfylla kursmålen för svenska?</p><p>• Hur ofta och på vilka grunder används Gymnasieförordningens undantagsbestämmelser i undervisningen?</p><p>• Hur ser eleverna själva på sin framtid, sin utbildning och sitt funktionshinder?</p><p>Resultatet visar också att man inom verksamheten har god kunskap och erfarenhet med elever med talhandikapp och de har utvecklat strategier för at kunna ge dessa elever en så god undervisning och skolgång som möjligt. Observationsstudien visade att det är gott socialt klimat bland elever som undervisas i mindre undervisningsgrupper</p> / <p>A study with help of interviews, inquiries and observations has been made. The surveys is about students with speech disorders and their views on their education and their future. The result shows that pupils welcomes their future and to get jobs and that students feel wronged in some situations. The interviews were carried out by three teachers, a headmaster and a speech therapist, all active in Riksgymnasieverksamheten för rörelsehindrade elever (special schools for disabled students). Issues of this essay was:</p><p>• In what way are the school working to help students with speech disorders to meet the course goals in Swedish education?</p><p>• How often and on what grounds are the Act`s exemptions beeing used in teaching?</p><p>• How do the students see themselves and their future, their education and their disability?</p><p>The result also shows that,Riksgymnasieverksamheten have a good knowledge and experience with students with speech disorders and have developed strategies to give these students a good education and schooling. The observations showed that there are good social climate among students who are taught in smaller teaching groups</p>

<p>Young people’s political influence has been surveyed, studied and discussed several times in Sweden during the last decade. There is a fear among the politicians that the young people are not interested in politics, especially not in party politics. On the other hand there is, among the youngsters a feeling of invisibility, not being seen or heard or for that sake respected. There are a lot of formal possibilities for young people’s political influence, but there are not as many real possibilities or situations to actually practice these possibilities. There have been many national, regional and municipal projects initiated during the last years to develop these possibilities and create more opportunities for young people to (1) take part in the decision-making and as well (2) create an interest for politics, and party politics in particular. In Växjö municipality in Southern Sweden such a project was carried out during the autumn 2003. The project was called Barnens budget (the Children’s Budget). Through this project the local politicians hoped to give the young pupils of Växjö a feeling and an experience of influence and power, which in the wishes of the initiators would create an interest in politics and a respect for democracy.</p><p>The idea of the project was that the pupils in the primary and secondary schools of Växjö through a democratic process from class-level, via school-level, to the municipal level would share and split 500 000 Swedish kronor. The money would go to the pupil’s priorities no matter what they were, and in the end the priorities turned out to be everything from dictionaries to lizards and soccer-goals. We may call it an exchange between the politicians and the pupils: money in exchange for a democratic process.</p><p>The project is studied and analyzed with help from different theories and studies about young people and influence, politics, democracy etc. A comparison is also made between the project in Växjö and a similar project from the Norwegian town of Porsgrunn, which was the main influence for Barnens budget in Växjö.</p><p>The result from the study is that the basic idea of democratic schooling is a true and well-willing one, but that much of the goals aimed at were not reached. This mainly because of that it seems as the work was not given the time it needed for reflections, discussions and implementations. This is something that goes for all levels, from the political level to the class-room level. The project would also have earned more from not only aiming at educating the youngsters – a top-down perspective, but instead being put into a whole, a mutual exchange of ideas and opinions between the pupils and the politicians.</p>

<p>In the end of the last century the interest for youth politics increased in Sweden. The causes for the increased interest were the more obvious youth politics questions and problems, for example the increased youth unemployment. In 1998 the government wrote down national goals and instructions for the youth politic work in a government bill (1998/99:115). This government bill describes how the youth politic work should be carried at a local level in the municipality.</p><p>The purpose with this study is to investigate young people, in Värnamo kommun, view of their own situation. The study´s focus lies om three main concept; democracy, justice and faith in the future. To carry through the study, I have used a qualitative method; literature studies and empiricism, in form of interviews with young people and municipal council in Värnamo kommun.</p><p>In the result of the study you can see that young people in Värnamo kommun quite well are satisfied with ther situation. The young people in the municipality believe in democracy but they really don´t know how to influence in the society. The municipal council tells that politicians are working for better information about how to influence for young people. They are also working to get young people to get more interest in politics. The young people have different background and they are conscious about how that effects their chances in life. The most of the young people have good faith in the future. They are not afraid of the unemployment.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-247).

Alcohol related harm is one of the major public health and societal concerns in the UK. Per capita alcohol consumption has risen considerably over the last twenty years and binge drinking has increased. Alcohol related harms including crime and social disorder, lost productivity, family breakdown and health harms such as rising incidence of liver disease and increases in alcohol related hospital admissions, are considerable. Particular concern has focused upon alcohol and young people, with levels of youth binge drinking in the UK among the highest in Europe and alcohol related hospital admissions of young people increasing. Furthermore, youth drinking behaviours are strong predictors of alcohol dependence in later life and contribute to long term health harms. As a result there has been an increased focus on factors that may potentially influence youth drinking behaviours including alcohol marketing. The evidence base on the impact of alcohol marketing on youth drinking has developed since the topic was first examined in the early 1980s. Recent systematic reviews have suggested a causal link between alcohol marketing and youth drinking behaviour. However gaps in the evidence base remain. The research project presented in this PhD contains six publications which aim to address these gaps, being the first longitudinal consumer study on the impact of alcohol marketing on youth drinking in the UK. The study used a critical social marketing framework to assess the cumulative impact of alcohol marketing on youth drinking, with findings intended to help upstream social marketing efforts, inform policy and regulation and targeted behaviour change interventions. The project examined the impact of alcohol marketing across a comprehensive range of communications channels including less well researched areas such as new media and sponsorship. The project involved three discrete stages of research. First, a brand website and press audit of contemporary alcohol marketing communications in the UK was conducted, supplemented by interviews with key informants from the marketing profession and regulatory bodies. Second, qualitative focus group research was conducted with young people to explore the role and meaning of alcohol in their lives and their attitudes towards alcohol marketing. Third, a two wave cohort study design featuring a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the impact of alcohol marketing on youth drinking. The survey consisted of a two part interviewer administered and self completion questionnaire in home with 920 second year school pupils at baseline, and follow up of a cohort of 552 in fourth year. The audit revealed that alcohol marketing is ubiquitous in the UK with most brands having a dedicated website featuring sophisticated content that appeals to youth including music, sport and video games. The press audit found that alcopop brands concentrated advertising in youth magazines, and that supermarket advertising of alcohol was considerable in the printed press. Focus group research revealed a sophisticated level of awareness of and involvement in alcohol marketing among respondents across several channels. Marketing activities often featuring content with youth appeal seemed to influence young people’s well developed brand attitudes. Cross sectional regression analysis found significant associations between awareness of, and involvement with alcohol marketing and drinking status and future drinking intentions. Bivariate and multi-variate longitudinal analysis indicated that alcohol marketing was associated with youth drinking behaviour, including initiation of drinking, and increased frequency of drinking between wave one and wave two. The implications of these findings for theory, practice and public policy are discussed.

Economists have stated that unemployment has a lasting negative effect, particularly on young people. The present research examined the experiences of young people Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in Scotland and the impact being NEET has on their identities. Specifically focussing on how these young people gain recognition and construct a positive sense of self. Three research questions are addressed: (1) how do young people give and receive recognition in their peer group? (2) How do young people engage with the alternative context of an online social networking site in order to give and receive recognition? (3) Are there any disagreements and/or misunderstandings between young people and employers? These questions are examined using three data sets: 16 peer group discussions with a total of 79 young people, 37 Bebo (a social networking site) profiles and questionnaires completed by 33 young people and 29 employers. Analysis of peer group discussions revealed the ways in which young people give and receive recognition and the recognition they feel they are given and denied from others. This highlights the complex transition into work for these young people and their struggle for recognition. For example, trying to balance avoiding ridicule from peers associated with certain jobs with their desire to find a job which will allow them to buy certain things and participate in adult life. Analysis of Bebo profiles revealed that young people make use of the existing structures of recognition within Bebo but also manipulate the site in order to gain further recognition in ways that could not have been predicted. Bebo offers young people the chance to gain recognition for popularity, sexual attractiveness and physical strength in ways which may not be deemed acceptable in everyday offline life. A comparison of the perspectives of young people and employers revealed a number of misunderstandings which hinder their relationship, for example the importance of qualifications. Analysis across these three data sets, and the social contexts they represent, reveals the tensions young people experience as they move between different structures of recognition. The main theoretical contribution of this research is a model of recognition in which the self is caught between different structures of recognition. This model provides an insight into what motivates young people to behave differently in different contexts, based on the perceived and actual recognition available. For example, online social networking provides a space for young people to receive recognition for how much alcohol they can drink, however this is not something they would draw attention to in a work environment. There are two applied contributions: (1) at a practical level, young people would benefit from more work experience placements and positive engagements with employers. (2) Most importantly, alternative structures of recognition are needed which recognise the knowledge and skills that young people do have. Instead of focusing on their weaknesses, we must help them build on their strengths. This would allow all young people to feel valued and more able to create a positive sense of self.

This study explores eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia, Lusaka. In this study I have asked the informants to define the genders and the result were that the genders are defined based on the biological sexes. The genders therefore become homogenous based on the male and female sex. The regulations of the genders were traditionally also based on assumed ‘biologically natural characteristics’. As I argue in this study that gender roles are social constructed I also present the socialization processes in the Zambian culture regarding initiation ceremonies and premarital ceremonies, which visualizes the regulations of the gender roles and the importance of marriages as it implies social status and identity. The young informants’ perception of the gender roles was based on a complex intermixture between the cultural norms, the Western influences and their own life experiences. This means that Zambian society is changing in response to external as well as internal influences and that globalization both facilitates change and may create problems, as different values and norms collide. The informants recognized a need of change in the perception of the gender roles due to the issues that the gender hierarchy contributes to. This study also discusses the fact that cultural norms causes lack of knowledge about sexual issues, which have devastating consequences. The informants argued that the cultural perception of a man as superior and the woman as inferior caused gender based violence, domestic violence and the HIV-epidemic to continue. Based on the informants awareness that many of the social challenges exist because of the patriarchal norms in society I argue that this awareness indicates that a change is in progress.

Darbo objektas - Lietuvos sporto paveldo poveikis populiarinant sportą jaunimo tarpe. Tyrimo problema - kokį poveikį turi sporto paveldas populiarinant sportą jaunimo tarpe? Darbo tikslas - įvertinti sporto paveldo poveikį populiarinant sportą jaunimo tarpe. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti sporto paveldo raidos ir raiškos ypatumus. 2. Išsiaiškinti Lietuvos sporto muziejaus (LSM) veiklos situaciją kūno kultūros ir sporto sistemos kontekste. 3. Atskleisti jaunimo laisvalaikio pasirinkimų situaciją Lietuvoje. 4. Nustatyti sporto muziejaus lankytojų ir sporto mokymo įstaigų moksleivių LSM veiklos įtaką apsisprendimui sportuoti. 5. Pateikti vadybinius sprendimus Lietuvos sporto muziejaus veiklos plėtrai populiarinant sportą ir tuo didinant įtaką jaunimo apsisprendimui sportuoti. Tiriamieji klausimai ir hipotezės: 1. jaunimas silpnai susipažinęs su sporto paveldu ir jo objektais; 2. sporto muziejus teigiamai veikia pasiryžimą sportuoti ir siekti rezultatų; 3. sporto paveldas domina visuomenę ir yra gerai žinomas; 4. sporto paveldu domisi tik sportuojantis jaunimas; 5. sudominti sporto paveldu jaunuoliai yra pasiruošę padėti jį propaguoti; Mokslinės problemos formulavimas - kokį poveikį atlieka sporto paveldas populiarinant sportą jaunimo tarpe? Metodika Darbe taikyti tyrimo metodai: anketinė apklausa, interviu su ekspertais Raktiniai žodžiai: paveldas, sporto paveldas, jaunimas, sportas. Svarbiausios išvados ir rekomendacijos: Lankiusieji Lietuvos sporto muziejų įgauna... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the work - Influence of the heritage of Lithuanian sport when popularizing sport among young people. Problem of the research – What influence does the heritage of sport have when popularizing sport among young people? Purpose of the work – To evaluate the influence of the heritage of Lithuanian sport when popularizing sport among young people. Tasks of the work: 1. To analyze the peculiarities of the development and expression of the heritage of sport. 2. To reveal the situation of the free time choices for young people in Lithuania. 3. To ascertain the situation of the activity by the sport museum in the aspect of the sport popularization. 4. To determine the assessment by present and potential visitors of the museum how the activities by the sport museum influence the determination to go in for sports. 5. To present management decisions for the development of the sport museum of Lithuania when popularizing sport and increasing the influence on the determination by young people to go in for sports. Exploratory questions and hypotheses: 1. Young people know little about the heritage of sport and its objects. 2. The sport museum of Lithuania has a positive influence on the determination to go in for sports and reach for results. 3. The heritage of sport interests the society and is well-known. 4. Only young people who go in for sports are interested in the heritage of sport. 5. Young people who are interested in the heritage of sport are ready to help to propagate... [to full text]