The thesis is aimed on the mathematical knowledge and skills development in leisure time activities. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to leisure time, pedagogy of leisure time, out-of-school education - its content, functions and requirements for realization of out-of-school education. This part of the thesis is also dedicated to the motivation and its use in leisure time activities and development of mathematical knowledge in leisure activities. Based on this information and on my own experience, I worked out and introduced the prin- ciples for preparing leisure time activities developing mathematical knowledge and skills. Following is a compilation of leisure time activities that develop knowledge and skills in geometry, arithmetic, algebra, logical thinking, or geometric imagination. The compilation contains activities suitable for relaxing, recreational and hobby activities. The practical part includes a case study of the Textile Applications activity, which deals with consolidation and development of knowledge in axial symmetry within the leisure time sewing ring. The case study verified if participants in this activity developed knowledge in axial symmetry, if the activity respects the requirements for out-of-school education and if it improves belief in the applicability of...

This diploma thesis examines whether the term of spare time can be applied on everyday situations of preschool children and if so in what sense. It finds answers to the question whether there is such term as leisure time at preschool age. It is concerned with the meaning of leisure time during preschool years. It discovers ways to optimizing leisure time at preschool age while taking into consideration the developmental peculiarities of this age. It looks for ways of interconnecting leisure time pedagogy and pre-primary pedagogy where the author sees the possibilities of cooperation due to the great flowering of leisure time activities, growing population of preschoolers and developing knowledge of evolutionary psychology.

The present master's thesis deals with the issue of non-formal non-vocational adult education occurring in particular during leisure time of individuals. The objective of the present study is the analysis of the current outlook of the informal education of adults outside working activities in the Czech Republic. The study has focused on the level of participation of the adults in the non-formal non-vocational education as well as the provision of the offer of educational activities. First of all, the thesis has focused on definition, functions as well as the utilisation of leisure time by the adults as well as determination of the non-formal education. Furthermore, the focus has been laid to adult leisure education and adult citizenship education, in particular their goals, the content and forms as well as the participation of adults in the non-formal non- vocational education, the offer and institutions that provide this education. Empirical investigation of the master's thesis has focused on the non-formal non-vocational education of employees working at various administrative positions in the Czech Republic. The main target of this survey is to analyze the participation of Czech employees working at various administrative positions in the non-formal non-vocational adult education. The partial...

This thesis represents the different theoretical concept of leisure time set in a historical context. Presents an overview of researches in the area of spending leisure time and parents´ opinions on leisure activities of their children. This thesis deal with social determinants of spending leisure time. Also includes a view of leisure time as a tool for educational action. The research is focused at parents of preschool children. It examines parents´ perceptions of the ideal way in which their children spend their leisure time. The research asks parents what they consider as a leisure time, determinants of spending leisure time. Further asks for what parents prefer or vice versa reject like a way of spending leisure time and what they consider as suitable or unsuitable activities of leisure time.

This thesis aims to make a contribution to our current understanding regarding leisure-time pedagogues’ work with children’s relationships. Here focus is placed on the collective action repertoire as expressed by two different groups of leisure-time pedagogues. The research questions addressed are:   How do leisure-time pedagogues work with children’s relationships and how do they view such relationships? What communities do they identify? What qualities in children’s relationships do they regard as desirable?  The theoretical framework of this study is based on Wenger’s (1998) social theory regarding learning in communities of practice, as well as Gergen’s theory of relationships as an inevitable part of human existence. Consequently, within this thesis relationships are viewed as mainly negotiated and are therefore dynamic in character. The methodological approach is ethnographic, focusing on leisure-time pedagogues’ work with and talk about children’s relationships. The study is based on data derived from eight leisure-time pedagogues divided into two different work teams of four pedagogues, covering two different leisure-time centres and involving 60 children of 6-11 years of age.   Final analysis is based on concepts derived from both Wenger’s and Gergen’s theories, for example; action repertoire, relational qualities, communities of practice and shared interests. Results suggest that the communities of practice and the alliances that pedagogues identify are often gender-related and built on common interests. The pedagogues’ action repertoire illustrates a desire to facilitate encounters between children and promote harmonious relationships. Leisure-time pedagogues support relationships characterized by consensus, respect, confidence and adaptation to rules, whereas those marked by conflict, disharmony, breaking rules or aggressions are counteracted. Various notions emerge in pedagogues’ action repertoire based on normative thinking, where different relational competences are ascribed to children. Some children are described as relationally competent while other children, who do not adapt themselves in a desirable manner, are described as having difficulties adjusting their relational competence. The results also reveal a lack of guidelines for handling the variety of differences in children’s relationships and display the lack of a common professional language for verbalizing children’s relational work.

本研究旨在了解臺北市國民小學校園生活休憩空間的現況，探究臺北市不同學校背景，國民小學校園生活休憩空間設置及使用的差異性，分析臺北市國民小學學童對於校園生活休憩空間在場地選擇、活動選擇、使用頻率、友伴人數、興趣高低等使用情形及其差異性，以及學童對於校園生活休憩空間的意見，最後並提出國民小學校園生活休憩空間的相關建議，俾供相關單位、人員及未來相關研究之參考。 本研究以臺北市141所公立國民小學為普查對象，再依據學校規模、設立年代分為六類，從六類學校中隨機抽取各1所學校，並以6所國民小學的學童為問卷調查（有效樣本951人；男生508人，女生443人；二年級305人，四年級327人，六年級319人）及觀察（共計5922人次）對象。在資料分析上，主要採用描述性分析、次數百分比統計、Cochran Q考驗、肯德爾和諧係數、斯皮爾曼等級相關、t考驗、卡方考驗、單因子變異數（ANOVA）分析等方法。經研究結果發現： 一、臺北市國民小學每所學校都有設置走廊、教室、圖書館、遊戲場，八成以上有設置球場、川堂、庭園、田徑場、步道，六成有設置教材園和體育館（或室內球場），而合作社、戶外劇場、交誼廳、交誼平臺、小橋和屋頂花園的設置比例不到四成。 二、下課時間學童較常使用的校園生活休憩空間，以教室、走廊、遊戲場、球場和田徑場為主。 三、大規模學校在川堂、交誼廳、合作社、體育館（或室內球場）、小橋、步道、庭園、球場、田徑場、交誼平臺、屋頂花園的設置比例均較中規模和小規模學校高，但在校園生活休憩空間内的休憩座椅或休憩設施方面，不同學校規模在設置方面有差異存在。 四、1990年代後的學校在走廊、川堂、教室、交誼廳、小橋、庭園、球場、田徑場、戶外劇場、交誼平臺、屋頂花園設置的比例皆比1990年代前的學校高，而1990年代前的學校在合作社、體育館（或室內球場）、步道、教材園設置的比例較1990年代後的學校高。 五、不同學校規模內的學童在校園生活休憩空間的場地選擇和活動選擇方面排序有關聯。在友伴人數方面，大規模學校顯著高於中、小規模學校。 六、大規模學校內的學童在室內生活休憩空間的使用頻率較高，中規模學校內的學童在室外生活休憩空間的使用頻率較高。中規模學校內的學童較喜歡校園生活休憩空間。 七、不同設立年代學校內的學童在校園生活休憩空間的場地選擇和活動選擇方面排序有關聯。在友伴人數方面都以跟二至四個同學為主，沒有顯著差異。 八、不同設立年代學校內的學童在室內生活休憩空間使用頻率無顯著差異，而1990年代前的學校學童在室外生活休憩空間使用頻率高於1990年代後的學校學童。不同設立年代學校內學童在校園生活休憩空間的興趣高低沒有顯著差異。 九、男生在下課時間較常使用球場。男生選擇「打球」的活動人數顯著多於女生。男女學童下課時間休憩活動友伴人數都以跟二至四個同學為主。 十、女生在室內生活休憩空間的使用頻率高於男生，男生在室外生活休憩空間的使用頻率高於女生。男女學童在校園生活休憩空間的興趣高低沒有顯著差異，但男生較喜歡球場。 十一、低年級學童較常使用遊戲場，高年級學童較常使用球場。低年級學童較喜歡玩遊戲，高年級學童較喜歡打球。低、中、高年級學童下課時間休憩活動友伴人數，都以跟二至四個同學為主。 十二、不同年級學童在室內生活休憩空間的使用頻率沒有顯著差異，而低年級學童在室外生活休憩空間的使用頻率較高。低年級學童較喜歡校園生活休憩空間，而低、中年級學童較喜歡遊戲場，高年級學童較喜歡球場。 研究者依據文獻探討與研究發現，提出下列幾點建議： 一、國民小學的教室及走廊應有生活休憩空間的規畫設計。 二、國民小學應充實遊戲場、球場及田徑場的設施。 三、大規模學校在走廊、川堂、教室、庭園、田徑場、屋頂花園內應增設休憩設施和休憩座椅，中、小規模學校也應增設川堂、交誼廳、合作社、體育館（或室內球場）、小橋、步道、球場、遊戲場、教材園、戶外劇場等生活休憩空間。 四、1990年代前的學校可考量學童的需求與意見後增設校園生活休憩空間。 五、國民小學應延長校園生活休憩空間的開放時間，以提升校園生活休憩空間的使用效能。 六、校園生活休憩空間內，應設置適當的座椅，提供學童短暫休息之用。 七、校園生活休憩空間在不影響教學活動及考量男女學童需求後做適當調整。 八、遊戲場可設置在低、中年級的教室區附近，球場則須距離教室區較遠。 九、國民小學田徑場跑道的使用效益不盡理想，規畫時可作更彈性的考量。 十、對未來相關研究的建議：（一）研究對象方面，可以國中生、學校教職員、家長、社區人士為研究對象；可做國中與國小、其他縣市學校差異比較。（二）研究內容方面，可針對空間技術、功能層面、滿意度方面進行深入探討；可比較學童晴天和雨天的使用情形、場地及活動選擇等的差異。（三）研究方法方面，除了使用文獻查詢、調查問卷、觀察等方法外，也可使用用後評估、訪談的方式來進行研究；可採用個案研究法，以深入了解校園生活休憩空間規畫及使用情形。 關鍵詞：國民小學、生活休憩、校園生活休憩空間 / The purposes of this study are to have a better understanding about current elementary school leisure space in Taipei City, to research into the differences of leisure space arrangement among different schools, to analyze elementary school students’ use of leisure space on campus as well as the opinions of them, and to propose suggestions and advice concerned, which may serve as a reference for authorities, staff concerned, and future researches. In this research, 141 municipal elementary schools are surveyed, which are categorized into six categories based on their school size and building age. In each category, one school was randomly sampled. Students in the six elementary schools are the targets of questionnaire investigation.(951 valid samples; 508 male students and 443 female students; 305 second graders; 327 fourth graders; 319 sixth graders) The study also observe about 5922 students. About the data analysis, the study used Frequency distribution, Percentile points, Cochran Q test, the Kendall coefficient of concordance, Spearman rank correlation, t-test, χ2 test, and One-way ANOVA Method. Besides, the researcher also combined many observational records and pictures. The result of the study is as below: 1.Each elementary school in Taipei has corridors, classrooms, libraries, and playgrounds. Over eighty percent of elementary schools set up courts, passages, gardens, athletic fields, and paths. Sixty percent of them are sited with eco-gardens and gymnasiums. Yet less than forty percent of them are equipped with cooperative societies, amphitheaters, lounges, lounge balconies, bridges, and roof gardens. 2.The leisure space that is mainly used by students during the break time is classrooms, corridors, playgrounds, courts and athletic fields. 3.Large size schools set up more facilities than those of middle or small size, such as passages, lounges, cooperative societies, gymnasiums, bridges, paths, gardens, courts, athletic fields, lounge balconies, and roof gardens. As to the installation of benches and facilities in leisure space on campus, there are differences among schools of different sizes. 4.Higher proportion of schools built after 1990 is sited with corridors, passages, classrooms, lounges, bridges, gardens, courts, athletic fields, amphitheaters, lounge balconies, and roof gardens than the proportion of those built before 1990. Yet the cooperative societies, gymnasiums, paths, and eco-gardens are vice versa. 5.The choice of leisure space made by students in schools of different sizes are interrelated, so as the choice of activities made by students from school of different sizes. As to the company number, students in large size schools have significant difference than students in schools of middle and small size. 6.Students in large size schools utilize indoor leisure space more frequently, while students of middle size schools utilize outdoor leisure space more frequently. Students of middle size school prefer school leisure space. 7.The choice of leisure space made by students in schools of different building age are interrelated, so as the choice of activities made by students from school of different building age. As to the company number, most students have two to four companies. There is no significant difference between those schools. 8.The frequency of indoor leisure space use of schools of different building age differs little. The frequency of outdoor leisure space use of schools built before 1990 is higher than that of schools built after 1990. There is no significant difference between students’ interests in school leisure space no matter when the school is built. 9.Male students utilize ball courts more often during the break time. It is obvious that more male students than female students choose to play balls. Generally, both male and female students have two to four companies when they do leisure activities during the break time. 10.Female students utilize indoor leisure space more frequently than male students, while male students utilize outdoor leisure space more frequently than female students. The rank of interests in school leisure space differs little between male students and female students, but male students prefer ball courts. 11.Second grade students utilize the playground more frequently, and sixth grade students utilize ball courts more frequently. Second grade students prefer to play games, and sixth grade students prefer to play balls more. The company number of students in each grade is from two to four. 12.The use frequency of indoor leisure space has no significant difference between different grades, but second grade students utilize outdoor leisure space more frequently. Second grade students prefer school leisure space. Second and fourth grade students prefer the playground, and sixth grade students prefer ball courts. According to the literature and study result, following suggestions are worth being referred: 1.Elementary schools should have leisure space in classrooms and corridors. 2.Elementary schools should increase the facilities in the playgrounds, ball courts and athletic fields. 3.Large size schools should set up more leisure facilities and benches in the corridors, passages, classrooms, gardens, athletic fields, and roof gardens; middle and small size schools should set up leisure space such as passages, lounges, cooperative societies, gymnasiums, bridges, paths, ball courts, playgrounds, eco-gardens, and amphitheaters as well. 4.Schools built before 1990 can take into consideration students’ need and opinions, and increase leisure space based on the above. 5.Elementary schools should extend the open hours of leisure space to enhance the efficacy of leisure space. 6.Proper benches should be installed in school leisure space, which enable students to take a short break. 7.Leisure space should be adjusted without affecting teaching activities and the needs of both male and female students. 8.Playgrounds can be built near the classroom of second to fourth grade students, and ball courts should be built farther from classrooms. 9.The tracks on athletic fields in elementary schools achieve little benefit. Thus, it can be rendered with more flexibility when the plan is made. Keywords: elementary school, leisure, school leisure space

2010年蘋果推出iPad後，台灣也跟著掀起平板熱潮，並快速普及到中高年齡層使用者。平板現在已經是中年家庭主婦重要的家戶休閒之一。本研究結合休閒領域和性別傳播科技領域探討中年家庭主婦的休閒，分析形成婦女「休閒阻礙」（Leisure constraint）的原因，並觀察平板融入主婦的生活後主婦休閒體驗的變化、平板使用複製過去女性用資通科技進行休閒的特性與限制。 本研究結合使用者日誌與深度訪談探索中年家庭主婦的平板休閒經驗。結果顯示本地中年家庭主婦認為的休閒包含心理閒暇感受，外出活動，社交等，這也反映在她們對於平板休閒的感知。與過往休閒研究歸納的女性休閒特性相似，本地中年主婦的休閒特性包含休閒時間碎片化，習慣多工等，反映她們的休閒受到阻礙。而與其他生命週期的女性不同，步入空巢期的中年主婦因為照顧子女的責任減輕，使她們開始積極追求休閒，休閒意識提高。中年主婦也因為擁有多年家務經驗，使她們發展出抵抗休閒阻礙的策略，獲得更多的休閒機會。 中年主婦的平板使用時機融入她們的生活韻律，因為平板的體積與未連網之故，主婦一旦外出，反而少攜帶；平板之為行動載具的行動性(mobility)未見發揮，平板成為居家休閒的重要裝置。獨自在家時主婦用平板看劇、玩遊戲，主婦也會在此時一邊看電視，一邊用平板，採取「雙螢」休閒模式，極大化休閒體驗。家人同在的晚間家庭時光，主婦平板不離身，陪伴家人、履行情感勞動，透過平板上的社交媒體同步與自己友人聊天，或看喜歡的劇集，沉浸在自己的虛擬空間。 平板為主婦過去透過其他科技物中介的休閒帶來新的意義。然而雖然平板使主婦擺脫不擅電子遊戲的刻板印象、也因平板而掌有觀影權，鬆動過去丈夫主導的家庭觀影秩序，本研究發現母職腳本形成主婦的平板休閒阻礙分別顯現在平板擁有權、使用平板瀏覽資訊、平板的社群通訊軟體使用上。中年家庭主婦休閒受到「妻職」影響，即便主婦用平板休閒受到丈夫中斷，她們也將其視為理所當然，因為經過與丈夫多年的相處磨合，中年婦女大多都能接受與容忍配偶的行為。 / After Apple introduced the iPad in 2010, the tablet quickly earned many middle–aged users' attention in Taiwan. Nowadays, the tablet has become one of the most important household leisure devices for middle-aged housewives. This study adopts diary study and in-depth interviews to explore how the tablet has been integrated into middle–aged housewives' lives. Additionally, it examines what kinds of leisure constraints housewives confront when they use a tablet. This study explores the leisure of Taiwanese middle-aged housewives. The result shows that Taiwanese middle-aged housewives have varied definitions of leisure which include relaxed mental state, outdoor activities and social activities. Those definitions reflect on housewives' feeling about tablet use. What’s more, a number of leisure researchers have indicated fragmented leisure time and multitasking characterize women's leisure. Taiwanese middle-aged housewives' leisure shows similar characteristics. However, Taiwanese middle-aged housewives feel a sense of entitlement with regards to leisure since they no longer have the responsibility of care-taking as their younger peers still carry. Besides, middle-aged housewives have developed strategies to resist and transform leisure constraints imposed on them along the way. The timing of tablet use of middle-aged housewives is closely related to their lifestyle. The finding suggests that the mobility of a tablet is limited. Tablets are heavy and lack network access, which is why housewives reserve their use for domestic leisure. Housewives who are alone at home usually use a tablet to play games or watch dramas. They also watch TV and use the tablet at the same time. Using this “double screen” model, housewives can broaden their leisure experience. During family hours in the evening, housewives bring their tablets to the living room so that they not only show their emotional support to be there with their family but also enjoy their personal tablet at the same time. The nature of leisure and the related images which housewives obtained in the past by using other technology have undergone great transformations. For example, instead of non-gamers or incapable gamers, housewives have proven themselves to be the ones who also enjoy game play. Moreover, the tablet has become housewives' “second screen” with which they can watch any program they like instead of being forced to watch the programs chosen by their husbands. However, the findings suggest the scripted motherhood affects housewives' tablet use, and it reflects on their tablet’s ownership, their use of social media and the web-browsing. The scripted wife- hood also affects housewives' leisure. For instance, their husbands often interrupt their tablet use, but housewives see interruptions as the way things have always been.

La réadaptation gériatrique reconnaît le loisir comme un indicateur clé des résultats de la réadaptation. Cependant, les connaissances théoriques sur le loisir sont peu développées. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de décrire et critiquer des modèles en lien avec le loisir et publiés dans les écrits scientifiques afin d’en dégager les aspects les plus pertinents pour la réadaptation gériatrique. Dix modèles ont été sélectionnés à partir d’une stratégie de recherche bibliographique. Ils ont été analysés sur la base de six critères : 1) le processus de développement du modèle, 2) les concepts, 3) les interactions entre les concepts, 4) l’aspect pratique, 5) la littérature générée et 6) la compatibilité avec les concepts-clés de la réadaptation gériatrique. Les résultats révèlent quatre modèles particulièrement intéressants pour la réadaptation gériatrique, sans pouvoir en dégager un en particulier, chacun présentant des forces et des limites qui sont discutées. De plus, les concepts rattachés au loisir les plus pertinents à retenir selon l’ensemble des modèles concernent: 1) la participation dans les loisirs, 2) la perception de soi face aux loisirs, 3) la motivation dans les loisirs, 4) la satisfaction dans les loisir, 5) les capacités en lien avec les loisirs et 6) l’environnement physique et social. Les résultats de la présente étude se traduiront par une meilleure connaissance des déterminants, caractéristiques et effets du loisir auprès des personnes âgées en processus de réadaptation. / Leisure is a key indicator of successful geriatric rehabilitation. However, there is a need for further development of theoretical knowledge of the role of leisure. The goal of this study was to describe and analyze scientific publications addressing leisure models and to extract the most relevant aspects for the rehabilitation of the elderly. A structured bibliographical search was conducted to select the most pertinent models (n=10). These models were analyzed regarding six criteria: 1) the development process of the model, 2) concepts put forward, 3) the interactions between the various concepts, 4) there practical aspects, 5) the subsequent literature generated and 6) the compatibility with key concepts of rehabilitation. It was concluded that four of the ten models were more pertinent for geriatric rehabilitation. Each model strengths and weaknesses are examined. The most relevant concepts that emerged from all the models are: 1) leisure participation, 2) leisure and self-perception, 3) leisure motivation, 4) leisure satisfaction, 5) leisure capacities and 6) physical and social environment. It is hoped that this study will be a first step in the comprehension of the determinants, characteristics and effects of leisure in the context of geriatric rehabilitation.

(in English): The topic of the thesis is Leisure time and its influence on risk behavior of adolescents. The aim of the study was to characterize the relation between manners of leisure time spending and risk behavior in adolescent age. The first part is dedicated to a theoretical basis for research. There are definitions of the terms leisure time and its specifics of adolescent, particular attention is paid to leisure activities. Following is characterized the period of adolescence. The conclusion of theoretical part deals with risk behavior, its various forms and factors that affects it. The second part is dedicated to research, which took place on the Semily district. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and researches was prepared a research tool - the questionnaire. By obtained data analyze I was able to fill the objective of the work and thus characterize the relation between manners of leisure time spending and risk behavior in adolescent age. The effect of the regular participation in leisure activities was proofed as one of the protective factors in risk behavior. Further, the relation between place and manner of leisure time spending and risk behavior was statistically confirmed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This diploma thesis deals with leisure associations in municipalities, especially with influence of their activities on development of selected municipalities in Střední Povltaví. In the first theoretical part, there are analyzed key concepts for theme of diploma thesis such as social capital, leisure time, activity of association or development of municipalities. The next part presents the methodology of the thesis based on the grounded theory. The thesis contains a characteristic of municipalities where the case study was performed. This case study consisted in the evaluation of conducted guided structured interviews with municipal representatives, leisure association representatives and with residents of municipalities. The final part is focused on goals set before the research. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)