The purpose of this study was to further clarify the relationship between couple leisure patterns and marital satisfaction by examining the contribution of joint couple leisure involvement, leisure time, and leisure satisfaction to couples' satisfaction with married life. The sample consisted of 48 married couples (N = 96). The Marital Activity Profile (MAP), a modified version of the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP) was used to determine couple leisure involvement in core and balance leisure activities and leisure satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Married Life (SWML), a modified version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was used to measure marital satisfaction. Blocked multiple regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between satisfaction with couple leisure and marital satisfaction, specifically satisfaction with core leisure activity patterns. Implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family leisure that includes physical activity and family functioning among families that have at least one child (17 years old or younger) at home. The sample consisted of 519 families. Data were analyzed from a parental perspective. Family leisure that includes physical activity was determined by using an adapted version of the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP). Family functioning was determined using FACES II. Univariate analyses indicated significant positive correlations between the amount of the intensity present during physical activity participation and family functioning, cohesion, and adaptability. Multivariable analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between family leisure involvement and family functioning. Both core and balance family leisure patterns were predictors of family functioning; however, core family leisure patterns were the strongest family leisure predictor of family functioning. Intensity of physical activity during family leisure, as indicated by the results of the multivariable analyses, was not significant in explaining the variance of the dependent variable: family functioning. For the sample of this study, home-based recreational activities were preferred over all other types of family recreation even if families were living by public parks or recreational centers. Implications for recreational practitioners, other interesting findings, and recommendations for further research are discussed.

Detta är ett examensarbete gjort inom byggnadsingenjörsutbildningen, inriktning arkitektur, vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Att ha ett alternativt boende, en sommarstuga, ett fritidshus har varit en del av den svenska kulturen under lång tid. Från att bara ha varit ett privilegium för de rikaste blev fritidshus ett mer utbrett fenomen under 1900-talet. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att planera ett fritidshusområde och gestalta typhus utifrån dagens behov och förutsättningar. Tidigare litteratur och statistik har studerats, en egen utförd enkätundersökning samt intervjuer har utförts vilket legat till grund för examensarbetet. Resultatet presenteras i ett idékoncept där ett naturskönt område i Södermanland planeras att bebyggas med ett fritidshusområde. Stor vikt läggs vid att skapa ett boende som ska vara långsiktigt hållbart. Platsen och boendet ska erbjuda återhämtning och rekreation i närhet till naturen. / To have a second home, a country house, a summer cottage has been a part of Swedish culture for a long period of time. This report examines the phenomenon of leisure, cottages and cottage areas in a historical pretext. From being a benefit for those who are most well-off financially it became more and more common among ordinary people during the time of the twentieth century. How relevant the division between first and second homes are today, the different rules when it comes to construction, insulation and availability is discussed. The needs of our time are investigated and results in a draft for development of a property. A place close to Stockholm is selected. The ground is used as a basis for further development to a leisure area. Roads, joint facilities and houses are being planned close to a lake in the region Södermanland. The focus lies primarily on creating an area with buildings of durability and sustainability. The territory and the living areas are meant to offer recovery and recreation close to nature.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to research relating to the perspective of what students consider important to conduct the leisure-time centre so as to ensure a meaningful leisure time. The focus of the study in in highlighting the views and opinions of the students. Earlier research is based on different studies, which focus on questions such as students development, students views on transitions and students social experiences. In this study the result is analyzed through a theoretical framework based on various theories of play. The three main theories consist of didactic positions, the effects of the environment on students' state of being, and the purpose of play. The method used for this study consisted of eight qualitative, semistructured interviews conducted in groups of three students from the third grade, performed at two schools. By analyzing the result, three aspects could be discerned as important for the students, which forms the basis for the studies discussion. These three aspects are the importance of an inviting and appealing environment, the possibilities for a social community, and the role of the teacher as a figure for safety in the everyday running of the leisure-time center. Furthermore, it can be discerned that play is a central aspect, which permeates everything which the students request from the leisure-time center.

The stages of motivational readiness to change leisure time physical activity behavior of students from two Mississippi community colleges were investigated. The Stages of Motivational Readiness to Change (SMRC) model postulates that behavior change is a longitudinal process described by five stages that assess an individual?s motivational level relative to changing leisure time physical activity behavior. That is, individuals are positioned in one of the following five stages at any given point in time: (a) precontemplation (i.e., no intention to change); (b) contemplation (i.e., considering a change); (c) preparation (i.e., small changes already made toward an ultimate behavior goal); (d) action (i.e., a desired behavior has been adopted); or (e) maintenance (i.e., working to prevent a relapse). The Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire (PASQ) was used for data collection in this study. The results revealed 35% were completely sedentary (precontemplation, contemplation) and 64.9% were participating in occasional or regular leisure time physical activity (preparation, action, maintenance). To examine the dependency of stage position upon ethnicity, gender, age, and income, the chi-square test of independence was performed. Findings indicated stage position to be independent of ethnicity, but dependent upon the remaining independent variables. This study?s conclusions indicated that stage-matched interventions are necessary to increase and maintain individual leisure time physical activity behavior.

Grunden till samverkan mellan grundskolan och fritidshemmets verksamheter består avriktlinjer i förhållande till samverkansuppdraget och fritidshemmets kompletterandeuppdrag gentemot skolan (Skolverket, 2019). Syftet med studien är att utforska hursamverkansuppdraget påverkar förutsättningarna för att bedriva undervisning i skolaoch fritidshem, samt undersöks fritidslärares och klasslärares perspektiv påsamverkansuppdraget. Utifrån detta syfte utformades en enkätstudie med öppna ochslutna frågor. De respondenter som söktes var verksamma lärare inom F-3 ochfritidshemmets verksamheter. Enkätstudien gjordes tillgänglig online och enkätenskickades med ett informationsbrev till 30 rektorer i olika kommuner samt på grund avlågt deltagarantal även i en Facebook-grupp. Enkäten möjliggjorde en inblick i hursamverkan ser ut i respondenternas verksamheter samt hur den skulle kunna förbättrasutifrån respondenternas perspektiv. Resultatet från de slutna frågorna i studien påvisaratt samverkan mellan lärare inom F-3 och fritidshemmets verksamheter gynnar samtmöjliggör undervisningen i skolan och i fritidshemmet. Resultat från de öppna frågornaindikerar också att samverkan mellan verksamheterna sker mestadels från fritidslärarnassida vilka påpekar hur en ensidig samverkan negativt kan påverka undervisningen ideras verksamhet. En röd tråd mellan verksamheterna och att arbetet från skolanslektioner fortsätter in på fritids menar dock både lärare inom F-3 och fritidshemmetsverksamhet kan gynna undervisningen. Utifrån ramfaktorteori samt styrdokument såkunde även andra faktorer som möjligtvis förbättrar eller försämrar grund- ochfritidslärarnas samverkan samt undervisning undersökas.

<p><strong>Objectives</strong>: Research shows that Montessori-based activities can help address responsive behaviours experienced by persons with dementia by increasing their participation in and enjoyment of daily life. The purpose of this study was to investigate staff perceptions of factors that affect the implementation of Montessori Methods for Dementia™ (MMD) in Ontario long-term care (LTC) homes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Qualitative data was obtained during semi-structured telephone interviews with 17 participants who were putting MMD into practice in Ontario LTC homes. The study was guided by a political economy of aging perspective using thematic analysis to elucidate the various factors that affected the implementation of MMD.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Several themes emerged from the data: Regulating and Funding Medical Practices; Shifting Practice Amidst Resistance to Change; Educating and Understanding; Seeing Results is Believing; Being Supported; (Re-)Connecting People and Passions; and Improving Residents’ Quality of Life. Barriers such as insufficient funding and negative attitudes toward activities and MMD reinforced a task-oriented biomedical model of care, whereas various forms of support and understanding helped put MMD into practice as a person-centred program, which improved the quality of life of residents with dementia, staff and family members.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>:<strong> </strong>The results from this research can help ensure that MMD are as practical and easy to implement as possible despite perceived barriers so that persons with dementia in LTC and their partners in care can have a good quality of life. The findings include suggestions for future research, reducing staff hierarchies and ensuring there is sufficient organizational, financial, educational, and personal support. <strong><br /> </strong></p> / Master of Arts (MA)

The purpose of this study was to verify the efficiency of McDowell's leisure counseling model for potential use with cardiac rehabilitation and intervention programs in effecting leisure attitudes, work attitudes, work self-concept, leisure self-concept and leisure satisfaction. To test the effectiveness of McDowell's model, an experimental research design, utilizing a pretest-posttest control group design, was used. The independent variable was counseling and the dependent variables, stated as alternative research hypotheses, were a positive effect on leisure self-concept, work self-concept, leisure attitudes, work attitudes and leisure satisfaction. Over a three month period, 24 adult subjects from an Adult Fitness Intervention Program volunteered for leisure counseling and were randomly assigned to one of two groups after which treatment was also randomly assigned. A test for homogeneity of regression revealed the subjects to be representative of the population on all variables except Work Self-Concept. In the study, a client typically was married, middle-aged, white-collar male worker. To measure the dependent variables, five instruments designed to be used with McDowell's model were used. The data obtained from the leisure counseling sample was first subject to a test for homogeneity of regression after which hypotheses one, two, three and five, were subjected to an analysis of covariance. The findings of the analysis of data allowed for the rejection of the null hypotheses and the acceptance of the research hypotheses for hypotheses two and five. For hypotheses one and three, the researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis, and rejected the research hypothesis. An interpretation of these findings suggested that leisure counseling using McDowell's model can affect one's leisure self-concept and leisure satisfaction. From the study it was concluded that for the sample studied McDowell's leisure counseling model can be said to have positively increased the clients' leisure self-concept and leisure satisfaction on a short term basis. It was also concluded that leisure counseling as a component of cardiac rehabilitation/intervention programs using McDowell's model was said to be neither effective or ineffective for the sample studies. These results must account for the fact that the research methodology was not able to identify the possible reactive effect of the pretest. / Ed. D.

幸福、快樂的人生，自古以來是人類所努力追求的目標，心流經驗(flow experience)以內在動機為基礎，闡述了透過心流經驗的正向感受，提升個體自我成長與生活品質的途徑。本研究主要目的以心流理論為架構，來探討休閒中之心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康間的關係，並進一步瞭解不同休閒活動種類間的差異。 本研究整理國內外有關心流經驗的文獻，編製「休閒心流經驗量表」與「休閒體驗問卷」，並藉由「身心健康量表」以瞭解互相間之關係，採便利取樣方式，對不同產業之541位上班族群進行問卷調查。研究結果發現，休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之間，互相存在顯著正相關。而「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型在休閒體驗的表現上，均顯著高於「高估」與「一致差」組型，且在身心健康上亦顯著高於「一致差」組型；然「一致好」組型在身心健康之「不利健康之因應行為」表現上，卻顯著較「高估」與「一致差」組型差。 此外，研究亦顯示「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型所從事的休閒活動，均屬戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，「一致差」組型則較屬視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒；而從事戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，在休閒心流經驗與休閒體驗上的表現，較從事視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒來得好。 最後根據研究分析所得結果，本研究討論其意義，並對後續研究、上班族群與相關實務工作者，提出研究方向及建議。 / This study revised the flow state scale(Jackson & Marsh, 1996) and the description of the quality of experience(Csikszentmihalyi & LeFevre, 1989) as the scale of flow experience in leisure and leisure experience questionnaire, respectively, to understand the relationship of flow experience, leisure experience and mental-physical health in 541 adult workers from different organizations in Taiwan. Results showed that significant positive associations between flow experience and leisure experience, flow experience and mental-physical health, also, leisure experience and mental-physical health. The patterns of flow experience in leisure are found something different on leisure experience and mental- physical health. The congruence/good pattern is significantly better than congruence/poor pattern on leisure experience and mental-physical health; and the congruence/good pattern is also significantly better than over- estimate pattern on leisure experience. Nevertheless, the congruence/good pattern is significantly worse than over-estimate and congruence/poor patterns on harmful coping behaviors subscale. In addition, results also presented that those who are categorized into the congruence/good flow pattern tend to choose active leisure(eg., outdoor activities, physical activities, hobbies, and mental activities); reversely, those who are categorized into the congruence/poor pattern tend to choose passive leisure(eg., television-viewing and shopping). Moreover, those choosing active leisure are better than those choosing passive leisure on flow experience and leisure experience.

Den historiska bakgrunden och tidigare forskningen kring vårt ämne pekar på en återkommande problematik inom fritidshemmet och fritidspedagogsyrket. Problematiken utgörs av en tvetydig syn på hur man ska tolka eller uppfatta det fritidspedagogiska uppdraget. Studiens syfte är därför att undersöka de målorienterade handlingar som utövas av fritidspedagoger i olika kontexter. Därmed utformar vi vår egna definition av uppdraget genom dessa målorienterade handlingar. Vi har valt att genomföra ett fältarbete av etnografisk karaktär som bygger på observationer som har ägt rum på en skola. Den här metoden anknyts till vår teori, Roger Säljös tolkning av den sociokulturella teorin, som utgår ifrån det praktiska som framträder genom kommunikativa och fysiska handlingar. Dessutom har vi genomfört informella samtal när vi har velat förtydliga fritidspedagogernas handlingar. Vår undersökning visar att fritidspedagogerna utövar ett mångsidigt uppdrag som beroende på situationen använder sig av fyra olika arbetssätt och därmed omväxlande riktar sig mot såväl skola som fritidshem. Vi uppfattar inte fritidspedagogernas uppdrag som tvetydigt, vilket den tidigare forskning vi tagit del av uppmärksammar, utan vårt resultat visar att fritidspedagogerna utövar ett tydligt uppdrag som både är målorienterat och mångsidigt. / The historical background and previous studies on our subject point to a recurrent problem in the leisure education sector. The problem consists of an ambiguous view of how the leisuretime educators should interpret or perceive their assignment. The purpose of the study is therefor to investigate the goal-oriented actions performed by leisure-time educators, in different contexts. Thus we develop our own definition of the assignment through these goaloriented actions. We have chosen to carry out a field work of ethnographic character based on observations that have taken place in a school. This method is linked to our theory, Roger Säljö's interpretation of socio-cultural theory, which is based on the practical that´s emerging through communicative and physical actions. Furthermore we have completed informal conversations when we have wished to clarify the leisure-time educator’s actions. Our study shows that the leisure-time educators execute a versatile assignment which, depending on the situation, uses four different ways of working. These approaches vary in terms of both school and leisure-time. We do not perceive the task of the leisure-time educators as ambiguous as previous studies have shown. Our results, on the other hand, show that leisure-time educators perform a clear assignment that is both goal-oriented and versatile.